information technology assignment 1 unit 2 networking

404.6 Discuss and explain the differences between workstation hardware and network software.. o The Client server model allows the network to centralize applications and functions in one

STUDENT : NGUYEN DINH THAI CLASS : IT05101

STUDENT ID : BD00123 SUPERVISOR : TRUONG DANG HIEU

Da Nang, June 2022

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking

Re-submission date Date received (2nd

submission)

i

Summative Feedbacks: Resubmission Feedbacks:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

ii

TABLE OF CONTENT

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENT ii

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES v

LIST OF ACRONYM vii

INTRODUCTION 1

Chapter 1 Examine networking principles and their protocols (LO1) 2

1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards (P1) 2

1.1 Define network: 2

1.2 Network type: 4

1.2.1 Local Area Network (LAN): 4

1.2.2 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): 5

1.2.3 Wide Area Network (WAN): 6

1.2.4 Compare LAN-MAN-WAN: 7

1.3 Network protocol definition: 9

1.3.1 Protocol: 9

1.3.2 List some protocols:(30) 19

1.3.3 List some standard organizations and standard names:(31) 20

2 Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements (P2) 22

2.1 Network topology definition: (32) 22

2.1.1 Definition of Physical Topology and Logical Topology: (33) 22

2.2 Examples of topology with diagrams: 22

2.2.1 Bus: 22

2.2.2 Ring: 23

2.2.3 Star: 24

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2.2.4 Tree: 25

2.2.5 Mesh: 26

2.2.6 Hybrid 28

2.2.1.1 Disadvantages: 28

2.3 Define commutations in terms of networking: 29

2.4 Rules of communication: 29

2.5 Bandwidth: (41) 30

CHAPTER 2: Explain networking devices and operations (LO2) 31

3 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types (P3) 31

3.2.1 The principle of operation of the router: (43) 31

3.3 List network devices: 31

3.4 List server types: 36

4 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software (P4) 39

4.2 Explain what is meant by interedpendencies: 39

4.3 Explain the meaning of interdependence: 39

4.4 Identify workstation hardware: 39

4.5 Identify network software: 40

4.6 Discuss and explain the differences between workstation hardware and network software Get an example of your discussion form: (62) 41

5 Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems (M1) 42

5.2 Make a comparison of network principles: 42

5.2.1 Compare LAN, CAN, MAN, WAN: (63) 42

5.2.2 Compare physical topologies and logical topologies: (64) 43

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5.2.3 Compare between OSI reference model and TCP/IP reference model: 44

5.2.4 Compare TCP between UDP 45

5.3 Explains how network protocol enable effective use of the network system: 49

6 Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimization: 50

CONCLUSION 51

EVALUATION 52

REFERENCES 53

v

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1 1 Compare LAN-MAN-WAN 8

Table 1 2 Difference between software and hardware 41

Table 1 3 Compare LAN, CAN, WAN, MAN of chapter 1 43

Table 1 4 Compare Physical Topology and Logical Topology of chapter1 43

Table 1 5 Compare OSI and TCP/IP of chapter 1 45

Table 1 6 Compare TCP and UDP of chapter 1 49

Figure 1 1 The client server model 2

Figure 1 2 Peer-to-Peer 3

Figure 1 3 Local Area Network 4

Figure 1 4 Metropolitan Area Network 5

Figure 1 5 Wide Area Network 7

Figure 1 6 Layers and functions of each layer of the OSI model 9

Figure 1 7 Application layer 10

Figure 1 8 Presentation layer 11

Figure 1 9 Session layer 11

Figure 1 10 Transport layer 12

Figure 1 11 Network layer 13

Figure 1 12 Data link layer 13

Figure 1 13 Physical layer 14

Figure 1 14 OSI divides network communication into 7 layers 15

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Figure 1 15 TCP/IP Layered Model 15

Figure 1 16 Application Layer 16

Figure 1 17 Transport layer 17

Figure 1 18 Internet layer 18

Figure 1 19 The most common protocols of the TCP/IP model 19

Figure 1 20 Bus Topology 22

Figure 1 21 Ring Topology 23

Figure 1 22 Star Topology 24

Figure 1 23 Tree Topology 25

Figure 1 24 Partially Connected Mesh Topology of chapter 1 26

Figure 1 25 Full Connected Mesh Topology of chapter 1 27

Figure 1 26 Hybrid Topology of chapter 1 28

Figure 1 27 Block diagram of communication rules 29

Figure 1 28 Hub of chapter 2 31

Figure 1 29 Switch of chapter 2 32

Figure 1 30 Router of chapter 2 32

Figure 1 31 Bridge of chapter 2 33

Figure 1 32 Gateway of chapter 2 33

Figure 1 33 Modem of chapter 2 34

Figure 1 34 Web Server of chapter 2 36

Figure 1 35 Mail Server of chapter 2 36

Figure 1 36 Database Server of chapter 2 37

Figure 1 37 Domain Name System of chapter 2 37

Figure 1 38 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol of chapter 2 38

vii

LIST OF ACRONYM

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer

viii

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

INTRODUCTION

Networking piles important role in life Coming to this report, we will learn about networks, types

of networks, network devices,

It will help us understand more deeply what is a network, how is a network defined? The process of building a network and how it works let's learn this article!

The report includes the following:

Chapter 1 Examine networking principles and their protocols (LO1)

1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards (P1)

2 Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements (P2)

CHAPTER 2: Explain networking devices and operations (LO2)

3 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types (P3)

4 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking ware (P4)

soft-5 Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems (M1)

6 Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimization: (M2)

Chapter 1 Examine networking principles and their protocols (LO1)

1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards (P1)

1.1 Define network:

A computer network is a group of computers and periphery- al bias connected to each other through transmission mediums similar as crooked brace, optic fiber, electromagnetic swells, infrared shafts, etc to partake data with each other Data is transmitted from one machine to another in the form of double bits 0 and 1, which, after being converted into voltage or electror magnetic swells, will be transmitted through the transmission medium be-low (1)

Client-Sever: is a computer network model that includes two main components: a client (client) and a server (server) In this model, the server is the place to store resources, install service programs, and perform client requests The client takes the role of sending the request

to the server Client includes computers and electronic devices in general (2)

Figure 1 1 The client server model

o The Client server model allows the network to centralize applications and functions in one or more dedicated file services These machines become the heart of the system The operating system of the Client server allows users to share the same resources simultaneously, regardless of geographical location (3)

o The client-server web model is a well-known model in computer networking, very widely applied, and is the model of all existing websites An opposite model is the master-slave model, where the server (as the boss) sends data to the client (as the slave) regardless of whether the client needs it or not (4)

o The client/server model is as follows: Client/Server is the most general model, in fact, a server can be connected to many other servers to work efficiently and faster When receiving a request from a client, this server can send the request it has just received to another server such as a database server because it cannot handle this request by itself Servers can perform simple or complex tasks (5)

A peer to peer (P2P) network is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads among peers Peers are devices participating in the application with equal privileges They form a peer-to-peer network of nodes (6)

Figure 1 2 Peer-to-Peer

o Peers make a portion of their resources, such as processing power, disk storage, or network bandwidth, available to other participants without the need for central coordination of a stable server or host Peers are both providers and consumers of resources It differs from the traditional client-server model in that resource consumption and provision are split (7)

1.2 Network type:

1.2.1 Local Area Network (LAN):

LAN stands for Local Area Network, roughly translated as local computer network, this interface allows computers to connect to each other to work together and share data This connection is made via a LAN cable or Wifi (wireless) in a narrow space, so it can only be used in a limited range such as offices, homes, schools (8)

Figure 1 3 Local Area Network

1.2.1.1 Benifit:

High speed

Can run large online applications thanks to strong bandwidth

Cheap and easy to manage

Can only transmit in a certain space because the transmission line is short

1.2.2 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), also known as urban network, connects from many LANs via cables, other transmission means The ability to connect in a large range such as in a town

Figure 1 4 Metropolitan Area Network

3.3.6 Modem:

Figure 1 33 Modem of chapter 2

is a device that modulates the analog signal to encode digital data, and demodulates the carrier signal to decode the digital signal (49)

3.3.7 Repeater:

Figure 2.7 Repeater of chapter 2

is an extender, amplifier to help transmit wifi signal farther and more stable This device is used to extend wifi network coverage in homes, offices, factories (50)

3.4 List server types:

3.4.1 A web server:

Figure 1 34 Web Server of chapter 2

is computer software and underlying hardware that accepts requests via HTTP (the network protocol created to distribute web content) or its secure variant HTTPS A user agent, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates communication by making a request for a web page or other resource using HTTP, and the server responds with the content of that resource or an error message A web server can also accept and store resources sent from the user agent if configured to do so (51)

3.4.2 Mail Server:

Figure 1 35 Mail Server of chapter 2

is a system server that is specifically configured according to the domain name of the business used to send and receive email messages. (52)

3.4.3 DB Server:

Figure 1 36 Database Server of chapter 2

is a computer system that provides other computers with services related to accessing and retrieving information from a database (53)

3.4.4 DNS Server:

Figure 1 37 Domain Name System of chapter 2 The Domain Name System, also known as the Domain Name System, is an ordered naming system for computers and services participating in the Internet It associates a variety of information with domain names marked for them so that users can use that domain to find out the information they need to know It is important to choose a domain name that is meaningful to the user, which is linked to different networks of devices in order to locate and provide information to users around the world (54)

3.4.5 DHCP Server:

Figure 1 38 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol of chapter 2 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a protocol that allocates IP addresses to all devices accessing the same network through the built-in DHCP server on the router (55)

4 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software (P4)

4.2 Explain what is meant by interedpendencies:

4.2.1 Hardware: is any part of PC/Laptop that we can touch, grasp or touch These are the main

electronic devices used to make a computer

4.2.2 Software: is a collection of programming code (programming code) installed on the

mainboard or stored in the computer's hard drive They will command/instruct the computer

to perform various tasks

4.2.3 Interdependence of hardware and software: There must be hardware to make the physical

connection and there must be software controls for it to work and that is the relationship between hardware and software, t has to be an association with together

4.3 Explain the meaning of interdependence:

4.3.1 Example 1: if our computer already has a network card, but we have not installed the driver

software on that network card, we will not be able to access the network, and the software that controls the network card is the driver

4.3.2 Example 2: A video game is software, which uses a computer processor (CPU), memory

(RAM), hard drive, and video card to run

4.4 Identify workstation hardware:

All network computers need an installed network interface to connect to the network (56)

Generally, most desktop computers these days have an intergrated Ethernet network interface built-into them

And if a computer does not, then it can be added as a network interface card NICs are also usually specific to the cable media you have installed (57)

For example, Ethernet NICs are available for 10Base-2, 10Base-T, 100Base-T, and 1000Base-T media (58)

(56): https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7rrabk/110-A-factor-that-you-consider-when-choosing-a-backup-technology-A-Storage/ (57): https://www.slideshare.net/BharatPatel7/computer-network-12245460

(58): https://www.slideshare.net/BharatPatel7/computer-network-12245460

4.5 Identify network software:

Network workstations also need networking software to work with the network.(59) This software consists of several components: a driver for the NIC, driver software for the protocols being used, and a network requestor (sometimes called a network redirector) (60)

Workstations acting in a peer-to-peer fashion also have peer software that provides network services to other workstations <Additionally, network service software might be needed, such

as that required to use a particular network directory service (for example, Novell’s eDirectory).=

(61)

(59): https://usermanual.wiki/Pdf/Networking20A20Beginners20Guide.1073789939/help

(60): https://www.slideshare.net/BharatPatel7/computer-network-12245460

(61): https://www.slideshare.net/BharatPatel7/computer-network-12245460

4.6 Discuss and explain the differences between workstation hardware and network software

Hardware is the physical parts that

help the computer work with data

processing

Software is a set of instructions (code) that tells the computer exactly what

to do

Hardware cannot perform any task

without software

Software cannot be executed without hardware

Since hardware is a physical electronic

device, we can see and touch the

hardware

We can see and also use the software but cannot actually touch them

It has four main types: input devices,

output devices, storage devices, and

internal components

It is mainly divided into system software, programming software and application software

Hardware is not affected by computer

viruses

The software is affected by computer viruses

It cannot be transferred from one

place to another over the Internet

The software can be transmitted over

an Internet connection easily

If hardware is damaged, it usually has

to be replaced with a new one

If the software is damaged, a backup will help to reinstall it quickly

Example: Keyboard, mouse, monitor,

printer, CPU, hard drive, RAM, ROM,

etc

For example: Ms Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Photoshop, MySQL, etc Table 1 2 Difference between software and hardware

(62): https://freetuts.net/thu-thuat/phan-cung-va-phan-mem-may-tinh-1201t.html