information technology assignment 2 unit programming

It also provides students with the necessary knowledge tocreate basic applications.This report includes the following:Chapter 2: Explain the characteristics of procedural, object-oriente

EXPLAIN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCEDURAL, OBJECT-

Give explanations of what procedural, object-oriented and event-driven

paradigms are; their characteristics and the relationship between them (P2)

Procedural programming is a programming paradigm that focuses on defining a sequence of procedures or a set of instructions to be executed to solve a problem or perform a specific task It is based on the concept of breaking down a problem into smaller, manageable pieces called procedures or functions.

Figure 2-1: Procedural programming system The characteristics of POP:

- Linearity: Procedural programming is usually done in a linear flow, i.e top to bottom and left to right, each piece of code is executed in top to bottom order.

Performed Student: Nguyen Van Phi 10

An example of OOP : This is an example of calculating the circumference and area of a circle:

Figure 2-10: Result 2.1.3 Event driven programming (EDP)

Event-driven programming is a programming method in which a program is built based on events occurring in the system or from the user Instead of executing code line by line sequentially, event-driven programming focuses on reacting to and handling events such as button clicks, mouse movements, keyboard input, or system notifications.

Figure 2-11: Event driven programming (EDP)

Event-driven programming centers on handling events such as mouse clicks, keyboard input, object state changes, and more When an event occurs, the associated code is executed, triggering a response within the program.

- Multi-threading: Event-driven programming allows for multi-threading, i.e can handle multiple events at the same time When one event occurs, other events can continue to be processed without being paused.

- Separation of objects and event handling: In event-driven programming, objects are decoupled from event handling code This ensures code reuse and flexibility in application development.

- Asynchronous handling: Event-driven programming often uses asynchronous mechanisms to handle events This allows simultaneous execution of different tasks without having to wait for the results of the previous task.

- Interactivity: Event-driven programming creates interactive applications in which users can interact with components, change their state, and send interactions or requests to the system.

Advantages of event-driven programming:

- Reliability: Event-driven programming allows detecting and handling events caused in the system automatically and quickly, helping to ensure the reliability of the application.

- Scalability: Event-driven programming allows the organization and management of source code in an organized manner, making it easy to extend and reuse the source code.

- Interactivity: Event-driven programming allows an application to interact with users and other system components, such as buttons, mouse clicks, or events from an external application.

- Flexibility: Event-driven programming allows programmers to easily change the flow of event handlers, add or omit event handlers flexibly and easily.

Disadvantages of event-driven programming:

- Difficulty in understanding and following logical flow: Since events occur in a non- linear sequence, understanding and following logical flow in a program can become complicated This can make debugging and maintaining the source code difficult.

- Security risk: Event-driven programming often relies on events and state changes in the application This can make the application vulnerable to techniques such as buffer overflows or event transfer attacks.

- Depends on libraries and frameworks: Event-driven programming often depends on libraries and frameworks to manage and handle events This can increase complexity and reliance on external technologies.

- Difficult to debug: When an error occurs in a program, it can become difficult to find the specific cause Since events can be fired in many different places and propagated through multiple methods, tracking and debugging events can be time- consuming and labor-intensive.

Example of an event-driven programmer's account login form.

Figure 2-13: The code part of the login form

Figure 2-14: Result logged in successfully

Figure 2-15: Result wrong username or password 2.1.4 Relationship between Procedural, Object-oriented, Event-driven.

There are several similarities between procedural, object-oriented, and event-driven programming, including:

- They are all programming methods used to develop computer programs and applications.

- All three methods focus on breaking down tasks into smaller pieces that are easier to manage and handle.

- They can both use variables and control statements to perform tasks and operations.

- All three methods use code blocks to group related statements together.

- They can all interact with the user through the user interface.

However, there are also some differences between procedural, object-oriented and event- driven programming Below is a table of differences between procedural, object-oriented and event-driven programming:

Table 2-1: Differences between procedural, object-oriented and event-driven programming

Describe Focus on writing programs as procedures (functions).

Focus on modeling the real world into objects with properties and methods.

Focuses on handling events triggered by the user or the system.

Data Data and code are usually kept separate Data and code are packaged together in objects.

Separate event and event handler, no data directly related.

Code Reusability Code reusability is lower than object- oriented.

High code reusability thanks to classes and objects.

High code reusability, as event handlers can be reused.

Variable range Global and local variables.

Member variables and global variables.

Variables are usually local to each event handler.

Interaction between objects There is no interaction between objects, only through parameter passing.

Interaction between objects through messages and responses.

Interaction between components through sending and receiving events.

For example Weather prediction program: Functions to calculate temperature, humidity,

Student management application: There is a SinhVien class with methods such as entering grades, calculating average scores,

Application handling mouse click events, keystrokes: Handle click events, handle keystroke events,

The relationship between procedural, object-oriented, and event-driven programming are different methods for organizing and managing source code in programming:

Procedural programming focuses on individual functions and procedures, each of which does a specific job The code is organized into sequential command lines and

Performed Student: Nguyen Van Phi 24 follows the principles of normalization The user interface is represented by windows, buttons and other elements.

Object-oriented focuses on creating accessible objects and performing actions in the program Each object has properties (data) and methods (behavior) Objects can interact with each other by sending and receiving messages Object orientation provides easier reusability, scalability, and maintainability than procedural programming.

Event driven focuses on event handling and corresponding response When the user interacts with the UI, events will be fired and the program will react accordingly according to the event handlers Event-driven separates program components and allows parallel processing of events.

To summarize, procedural, object-oriented, and event-driven programming are different approaches to programming, but can also be combined to create complex and flexible applications Each method has its own advantages and limitations and is suitable for different cases and requirements.

Analyze the common features that a developer has access to in an IDE (M2).24 1 Introduction to IDE and its uses

2.2.1 Introduction to IDE and its uses:

Visual Studio is an IDE from Microsoft that empowers software developers with a comprehensive set of tools and features It supports various programming languages, notably C++, C#, Visual Basic, F#, JavaScript, TypeScript, and Python These capabilities enable developers to efficiently build, test, deploy, and manage applications.

Figure 2-16: Visual Studio The main uses of Visual Studio include:

- Easy application development: Visual Studio provides an intuitive and user-friendly graphical interface that helps developers create applications quickly and efficiently.

- Smart code editing: Visual Studio has built-in IntelliSense functionality, which predicts and suggests code, helping to reduce errors and increase code efficiency.

- Debug and review code: The IDE provides a powerful set of debugging tools that make it easy to find and fix errors It also supports code review among development team members.

- Source code version management: Visual Studio integrates with version management systems like Git and TFS (Team Foundation Server), allowing developers to work together on the same project without overwriting each other.

- Mobile and cross-platform application development: Visual Studio supports mobile application development for platforms such as Android, iOS, and Windows Mobile, as well as cross-platform application development using technologies such as NET and Xamarin.

- Web and Cloud Application Development: Visual Studio supports web application development using ASP.NET and other web technologies It also easily integrates with Microsoft cloud services like Azure for cloud application deployment and management.

- Build and manage databases: Visual Studio provides built-in tools for creating, querying, and managing databases, including SQL Server databases and others.

- Game development: Visual Studio supports game development in a variety of programming languages and technologies, including DirectX, Unity, and Cocos2d. 2.2.2 Common features of the IDE:

Common features of the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) include:

For efficient coding, text editor interfaces enable developers to input and modify source code seamlessly To enhance comprehension, syntax highlighting is implemented, emphasizing essential code elements such as keywords and variables with distinct colors.

Figure 2-17: Example about text editor in Visual studio.

Debugger, Compiler: Integrated compiler and debugger allows error code checking and debugging when developing applications Error messages and warnings during compilation help detect and correct syntax and logic errors.

Figure 2-18: This is a debugger in Visual studio

Completion code: Provides code completion feature that predicts and suggests code as developers enter code, saving time and minimizing errors This is a nice feature when working with complex libraries and frameworks.

Figure 2-19: Debugging in Visual studio (1)

Figure 2-20: Debugging in Visual studio (2)

The IDE offers extensive support for a wide range of programming languages, including C++, C#, Java, Python, JavaScript, Ruby, PHP, and others By providing tailored tools and features for each language, the IDE empowers developers to enhance their productivity and streamline their development workflows.

Figure 2-21: Several languages are supported in Visual Studio

An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) streamlines software development by consolidating essential tools like editors, debuggers, and code managers into a dedicated workspace It allows for seamless integration with external toolkits and plugins, empowering developers to tailor the IDE to their specific requirements, thus enhancing its functionality and versatility.

IMPLEMENT BASIC ALGORITHMS IN CODE USING AN IDE (LO3)

Write a program that implements an algorithm using an IDE (P3)

We will code a basic computer software: Solve first and quadratic equations.

We will create the interface as follows: create 3 groups:

- The group chose to solve first and quadratic equations

- Use winform and C# language to code this software.

- 3 buttons, 2 radiobuttons, 6 labels and 5 textboxes to enter numbers and display results

- 3 group boxes to group them together

- First, ask the user to enter two numbers a and b in order of importance

- Then check if a is equal to 0 If so, the result is - b/a If not, prompt the user to re- enter.

- Input: Enter three coefficients a, b and c from the user.

- Calculate the value of delta (Δ): Δ = b^2 - 4ac

- Check the value of delta: o If Δ < 0: The equation has no real solution, it only has a complex solution. o If Δ = 0: The equation has a double solution. o If Δ > 0: The equation has two real and distinct roots.

- Calculate the value of the variable x (the solution of the equation): o If Δ < 0: There is no real solution. o If Δ = 0: Use the formula x = -b / (2a) to calculate the value of x. o If Δ > 0: Use the formula x = (-b ± √Δ) / (2a) to calculate two real roots of x.

I'll log into my login and go to the first and second quadratic calculator.

Below is a picture of the login form:

Figure 3-24: Code program of login

Here is the code of Solve the Equation:

After the code finished, the program ran a test and found two errors These two errors are often encountered while coding Error in rows 55 and 59 Let's fix it together.

We add a ";" at the end of row 55 and add a ")" at the end of row 59

After fixing the error we get the following result:

Figure 3-32: Result after fix code error

Figure 3-34: The equation has no solution

Figure 3-35: The equation has two distinct solutions

Figure 3-36: The equation has two double solutions.

Figure 3-37: Equation has no solution.

Use the IDE to manage the development process of the program (M3)

To use an IDE to manage your application development, make sure that the language you are working in is supported by the IDE In this section, we will develop and maintain programs using the C# and Visual Studio programming languages The first step is to install Visual Studio This is a popular IDE for application development and management functions To use new features, you need to update to the latest version This section uses the Visual 2022 version.

Here I will use Visual Studio to write an application to manage and develop programs in C# language When you start Visual Studio you will see your working interface and below are the steps to manage and develop the program, please follow me:

- Main interface: The main interface of the application will have fields to enter product information such as product name, product code, price, quantity, description, etc. The interface also includes a list of products that have been entered and displayed in a data table User can select a product from the list to view detailed information about the product.

- Add new products: When users want to add a new product, they will fill in the necessary information in the corresponding fields on the interface and add an image of the product using the "Browers" button After the user finishes entering the information, they can press the "Add New" button to add a new product to the list.

- View product details: When the user selects a product from the list and presses the

"View details" button, a new detail window will appear.In this window, user will see all detailed product information including name, code, price, quantity, description, etc.

- Product Update: If the user wants to update the information of a product, he or she can select the product from the list and press the "Update" button A product information modification window will appear, allowing the user to update the product's information such as price, quantity, description, etc After the user finishes updating the information, they can press the "Save" button to save the changes.

- Remove product: User can select a product from the list and press "Delete" button to remove the product from the list.

Product data is typically stored in persistent media like databases or files Upon initialization of the product editor software, this data is retrieved from storage and loaded into a DataGridView for display.

Step 2: Create a project in Visual Studio.

Step 3: Create classes in the project

Let's go into the project we just created and create a window shape in this project I will guide you step by step with pictures below First, right click on ConsoleApp1

Right click on ConsoleApp1 and you will see a table Click Add and select Form (Windows Form).

If you select "Forms" (window forms) you will see a table where you can name your project.

Enter a name for the project and click Add

I add the necessary components to the Form, here I will add Label, richTextBox, Button, PictureBox, dataGridView, ComboBox, Tabcontrol (These components are in the ToolBox section).

Figure 3-44: Adding elements to form (Tabcontrol 1)

Figure 3-45: Adding elements to form (Tabcontrol 2) After designing the interface, I started coding Double click the button to capture the event (or an event in a property) You can encode it as shown below.

Figure 3-57: Code (12) Step 5: Run and debug errors

Below is the error that I often make when coding the program Please follow me to fix the program error The program is crashing on lines 19 and 27 Both errors are missing " } ".

We fix the error by adding a " } " sign at the end of the line.

Figure 3-59: Result after error correction.

After coding the program and debugging it, I press the Save button or Ctrl + S, then press F5 or the Start button on the toolbar to run the program Once run, enter the product's information and add an image of the product Then display the product information you just entered on the screen The result is as shown below:

DETERMINE THE DEBUGGING PROCESS AND EXPLAIN THE

Explain the debugging process and explain the debugging facilities available in

Debugging is the process of finding and fixing bugs or errors in the source code of a program As you develop software, it is very likely that you will encounter errors, such as syntax errors, logic errors, or execution errors To find and fix this error, the developer does the debugging process.

Figure 4-63: Definition Debugging Debug process:

- Step 1: Locate the error: This is the first step in the debugging process When a development program encounters an error or does not work as intended, the developer must locate the error in the source code This can be done through error messages, debugging information, or by using the built-in debugging tools in the development environment.

- Step 2: Find the cause of the error: syntax error, declaration error, algorithm error: After locating the error, the developer conducts a review of the source code and looks for the cause of the error Errors can be caused by incorrect syntax, incorrect variable declarations, incorrect algorithms, or other logical errors By analyzing the

Performed Student: Nguyen Van Phi 52 source code and monitoring the values of variables during execution, developers will be able to identify the cause of the error.

- Step 3: Troubleshooting: After determining the cause of the error, the developer will take steps to fix the error This may include correcting syntax errors, correcting misrepresentations, adjusting the algorithm, or changing the source code so that it works correctly.

- Step 4: Test and check: After handling the error, the developer will test the program to check if the error has been successfully fixed or not The test run will help ensure that the program works correctly and no longer encounters errors.

Here are some examples debugging with syntax error and invalid variable error in two cases: console and form.

Examples of syntax errors and incorrect variable formatting errors in the Console:

Explanation: In this example, we are missing a semicolon “;” at the end of the Console.WriteLine command line

Incorrect variable format error of Console:

Figure 4-65: Invalid variable error Explanation: In this example, the variable is formatted incorrectly when the Console.WriteLine command writes "sums" instead of "sum" You get a compile error because "sums" does not exist in the current scope.

Example of error in Form:

Figure 4-66: Syntax error of Form Explanation: We will get this error caused by accidentally deleting it because when we double click on the form it generates the code for us, but when we delete a method the statements for this form still show up face.

Figure 4-67: Incorrect variable format error of Form (1)

Figure 4-68: Incorrect variable format error of Form (2)Explanation: In this example, the variable is formatted incorrectly when the name command writes "txt_username" instead of "txt_Username" You get a compile error because "txt_username" does not exist in the current scope.

Integrates many programs such as code completion, compiler, editor Outline

Outline the coding standard you have used in your code (P5)

To set variable names in Winform:

WinForms has some rules to follow when naming variables to make your code easier to understand and maintain.

Use the appropriate prefix: lbl for control Label, btn for control buttons, txt for control TextBox, cmb for control ComboBox, chk for control CheckBox, tab for control TabControl, lst for control ListBox, dvw for control DatView,…

There are also other prefixes, depending on the type of control Use clear and meaningful names Set a variable name that describes the function or content of the control Avoid short, vague names like a, b, c

For example: txtFirstName, btnSubmit, chkRememberMe.

Use PascalCase or CamelCase style.

PascalCase style: start with a capital letter and capitalize each subsequent word. CamelCase: Start with a lowercase letter and capitalize each subsequent word.

For example: lblFirstName, txtLastName, btnSubmit_Click Don't use keywords already in C# or WinForms.

Do not use variable names that contain keywords like int, string, class Make sure the variable name does not match the control name available in WinForms like Form, Button, Label, etc.

Table 4-1: Some coding standard of Form.

NAME Textbox Button Label CheckBo x LinkLabe l TabContr ol DataVie w

OBJECT txt btn lbl chk llbl tab dvw

To set a variable name in the Console:

Coding standards are a set of rules and principles that define how code should be written. These standards can cover a wide range of topics, including:

Naming conventions: How to name variables, functions, and other elements of code.

- Formatting: How code should be indented, spaced, and aligned.

- Comments: How should comments be used to explain the code.

- Error handling: How errors should be handled and reported.

- Test: How should the code be tested.

Follow the naming rules specified by the project or team (if applicable): If you're working on a project or team, follow the naming rules defined by the project or team.

Table 4-2: Some coding standard of Console.

1 Naming variables and functions CamelCase int age; string fullName;

2 Indent and format code for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

3 Note(Comment) // Function to sum two integers

4 Event Handling button.Click += (sender, e)

5 Performance Optimization StringBuilder sb = new

7 Separate processing logic and interface int CalculateSum(int a, int b);

8 Using the Main() function static void Main()

The program follows standard programming conventions, including variable and function naming in WinForms.* It presents a user-friendly interface where users can input numbers.* The program calculates the largest number among two or three provided by the user.* The calculated result is displayed to the user.

I have standard programming code, I have applied the rules of form programming standards such as:

Output = txt_Output radioButton1 = rdb_Max2 radioButton2 = rdb_Max3

I have standard programming code, I have applied standard console programming rules such as: class names, variable declarations, string literals

4.3 Evaluate how the debugging process can be used to help develop more secure, robust applications (M4)

A debugger is a computer program used to correct errors in a program when it gives incorrect results or fails to run Debugging makes your program more robust and complete, capable of handling any input or event it may encounter It should be robust and able to detect vulnerabilities quickly Prevent hackers from getting into your data and damaging your system, applications, etc So debugger can be very useful in your work It can diagnose errors and even provide debugging videos to developers in some cases Most IDEs have debuggers that help programmers write code faster and avoid as few errors as possible.

Figure 4-76: Debuging The debugging process in Visual Studio has many advantages and disadvantages as follows:

- Perfect integration: Visual Studio is the mainstream integrated development environment (IDE) for NET-based applications Debugging is perfectly integrated in this IDE, making debugging easier and more efficient.

- Powerful debugging tools: Visual Studio provides a variety of powerful tools to aid in the debugging process, including setting breakpoints, variable viewing windows, stack views, condition debugging, and many other useful features that help detect and fix errors quickly.

- Multiple Programming Languages Support: Visual Studio supports many programming languages, not only C# and VB.NET, but also C++, F#, JavaScript, Python, and many more This makes developing multilingual projects easy and convenient.

- Easy tracking and exception handling: Visual Studio allows developers to handle exceptions easily, helping to detect and handle unknown errors during execution.

- Remote debugging: Visual Studio supports remote debugging, allowing debugging of applications on server environments or remote devices, helping to identify and correct errors in a real-world environment.

- Resource requirements: Visual Studio is a powerful IDE, which means it requires high system resources, requiring a well-configured computer for a smooth working experience.

- Large size: Visual Studio is large in size with many features and components, so the installation and updating process can take time and consume disk space.

- Difficult to use for beginners: With so many features and tools, Visual Studio can be quite complicated and difficult to use for beginners.

- Having problems with large projects: Although Visual Studio supports the development of large projects, it can sometimes experience performance issues and take a long time to compile and run programs.

Example debugger of Visual Studio:

This is the code I want to fix You need to start the debugger first Press F5 or select Debug Target from the standard toolbar.

Here is a picture of the code I want to fix:

When a breakpoint is reached, the program execution pauses, and a debug window opens, displaying information about the program's state To set a breakpoint, locate the line of code where you want the program to stop running and click on the left edge of the source code window, where the line numbers are displayed.

Performed Student: Nguyen Van Phi 65 line numbers show) on the line you want to break A red stop will appear, and a stop will be created When you run the program in Debug mode, the program will stop executing at that breakpoint You can check variable values, investigate commands, and view the state of the program at that time To resume program execution from where you left off, you can press F5 or select Continue in the Debug window of Visual Studio.

When the program completes or you want to end debugging, you can press Shift + F5 or select Stop Debugging from the Debug menu or select the stop debugging button on the debug toolbar.

I'm done on the difference between procedural, object-oriented and event-driven programming, as well as IDEs Using the IDE, implement basic algorithms in the code, define and show the debugging process, and discuss the relevance of coding standards I did part P2, P3, P4, P5 finished M2, M3, M4 I hereby declare that my work is done by myself I do not copy any material nor plagiarize online I feel like I deserve an M.

After completing this report, you have the definitions of algorithms, flowcharts, and application software development I also know a lot about procedural, reactive and event- driven programming Understand IDE concepts and IDE issues Learn how to debug, how to debug, and the importance of coding standards.

Programming is great! It helps us understand how the devices around us work This is very interesting and wonderful Thanks, my advisor!

Tiêu đề	Information Technology Assignment 2 Unit: Programming
Tác giả	Nguyen Van Phi
Người hướng dẫn	Nguyen Hoang Anh Vu
Trường học	Btec Fpt International College
Chuyên ngành	Information Technology
Thể loại	assignment
Năm xuất bản	2023
Thành phố	Da Nang

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Số trang	71
Dung lượng	2,17 MB