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LOCAL ENVIRONMENT

Words Transcription Meaning Examples artisan (n) /ˌɑːtɪˈzổn/ Thợ làm nghề thủ công The hand-woven textiles were made by skilled local artisans attraction (n) /əˈtrổkʃn/ Sự / sức/ điểm hấp dẫn City life holds little attraction for me /Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction. authenticity (n) /ˌɔːθenˈtɪsəti/ Tính xác thực The authenticity of the letter is beyond doubt. cast (v) /kɑːst/ Đúc (đồng) The statue cast in bronze is heavy. craft (n) /krɑːft/ Nghề thủ công Sheep shearing is a highly skilled craft craftsman (n) /ˈkrɑːftsmən/ Thợ thủ công It is clearly the work of a master craftsman cross (v) /krɒs/ Đan chéo The roads cross just outside the town. drumhead (n) /drʌmhed/ Mặt trống A drumhead is a membrane stretched over one or both of the open ends of a drum. embroider (v) /ɪmˈbrɔɪdə(r)/ Dệt The sleeves were embroidered in

Hold. frame (n) /freɪm/ Khung I'm going to paint the door frame white. handicraft (n) /ˈhổndikrɑːft/ Sản phẩm thủ cụng Her hobbies are music, reading and handicraft lacquer (n) /ˈlổkə(r)/ Sơn mài Lacquer is a type of solvent- based product. layer (n) /ˈleɪə(r)/ Lớp (lá) A thin layer of dust covered everything. mould (v) /məʊld/ Đổ khuôn The figure had been moulded in clay. preserve (v) /prɪˈzɜːv/ Bảo tồn, bảo vệ Efforts to preserve the peace have failed. remind (v) /rɪˈmaɪnd/ Gợi nhớ The building reminded me strongly of my old school sculpture (n) /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ Điêu khắc, đồ điêu khắc She creates sculptures out of scrap materials. set off (ph.v) /setˈ ɔːf/ Khởi hành We set off for London just after strip (n) /strɪp/ Mành, dải ten.a strip of paper, a strip of cloth surface (n) /ˈsɜːfɪs/ Bề mặt Teeth have a hard surface layer called enamel. team building (n) /tiːm bɪldɪŋ / Việc xây dựng đội ngũ The programme focuses on team building thread (n) /θred/ Sợi chỉ This is a robe embroidered with gold thread treat (v) /triːt/ Xử lí (chất thải) Water is discharged from the sewage works after being treated turn up (ph.v) /ˈtɜːn ʌp/ Xuất hiện, đến Don't worry about the letter— I'm sure it'll turn up weave (v) /wiːv/ Đan, dệt She is skilled at spinning and weaving workshop (n) /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ Công xưởng The workshop employs 25 fulltime workers.

Words Related words Transcription Meaning attract (v) attraction (n) /əˈtrổkʃn/ Sự hỳt, sức hỳt attractant (n) /əˈtrổktənt/ Chất hấp dẫn cụn trùng attractive (a) /əˈtrổktɪv/ Hấp dẫn attractively (adv) /əˈtrổktɪvli / Một cỏch hấp dẫn attractiveness (n) /əˈtrổktɪvnəs/ Sự hấp dẫn, sự lụi cuốn authentic (a) authenticity (n) /ˌɔːθenˈtɪsəti/ Tính xác thực authentically (adv) /ɔːˈθentɪkli/ Đích thực, xác thực authenticate (v) /ɔːˈθentɪkeɪt/ Xác nhận authentication (n) /ɔːˌθentɪˈkeɪʃn/ Sự xác nhận inauthentic (a) /ˌɪnɔːˈθentɪk/ Không thật, giả inauthenticity (n) /ˌɪnɔːθenˈtɪsəti/ Tính không thật cast (v) caster (n) /ˈkɑːstə(r)/ Thợ đúc casting (n) /ˈkɑːstɪŋ/ Sự đúc, vật đúc craftsman (n) craftsmen (n.pl) /ˈkrɑːftsmən/ Thợ thủ công craftswoman (n) /ˈkrɑːftswʊmən/ Nữ thợ thủ công crattswomen (n.pl) /ˈkrɑːftswɪmɪn/ Nữ thợ thủ công embroider (v) embroiderer (n) /ɪmˈbrɔɪdə(r)/ Người dệt embroidery (n) /ɪmˈbrɔɪdəri/ Công việc thêu, đồ thêu preserve (v) preserver (n) /prɪˈzɜːvə(r)/ Người bảo quản preservation (n) /ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/ Sự bảo quản, sự giữ gìn preservationist (n) /ˌprezəˈveɪʃənɪst/ Người bảo thủ preservative (a, n) /prɪˈzɜːvətɪv/ Bảo quản, chất bảo quản preservable (a) /prɪˈzɜːvətbl/ Có thể bảo quản remind (v) reminder (n) /rɪˈmaɪndə(r)/ Điều gợi nhớ treat (v) treatment (n) /ˈtriːtmənt/ Việc đối xử, cách xử lí treatable (a) /ˈtriːtəbl/ Có thể xử lí, có thể điều trị treater (n) /ˈtriːtə(r)/ Người giải quyết treaty (n) /ˈtriːti/ Hiệp ước, thỏa thuận weave(v) weaver (n) /ˈwiːvə(r)/ Thợ dệt weaving (n) /ˈwiːvɪŋ/ Công việc dệt

Câu phức hợp là câu gồm có một mệnh đề chính (Main clause) và một hoặc nhiều mệnh đề phụ (Subordinate clauses) Mệnh đề phụ có chủ ngữ và vị ngữ riêng Mệnh đề phụ là một bộ phận của câu tương đương với một danh từ (mệnh đề phụ danh từ), tính từ (mệnh đề phụ tính từ/mệnh đề quan hệ) hoặc phó từ (mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ) Mệnh đề phụ kết nối với mệnh đề chính bởi liên từ phụ thuộc trong mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ, kết nối bằng đại từ quan hệ (which, who, whom, whose, that) trong mệnh đề phụ tính từ/mệnh đề quan hệ, hoặc kết nối bằng that, if/whether, what, when, where, how trong mệnh đề phụ danh từ

He's going to pass his test even if he doesn't study.

Mệnh đề chính Mệnh đề phụ

Even if he doesn't study, he's going to pass his test.

Mệnh đề phụ Mệnh đề chính

Các liên từ phụ thuộc trong mệnh để phụ trạng ngữ bao gổm:

Nguyên nhân Nhượng bộ Điều kiện Nơi chốn Mục đích Thời gian

As Although If Where In order that After

Because Even though Unless Wherever So that Before

Since Even if On condition that For fear that As soon as

Though As long as Once

2 Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs)

Cụm động từ là cụm từ có cấu trúc bao gồm một động từ đi với một hoặc hai tiểu từ (phó từ, giới từ như: up, down, in, on ) Khi các tiểu từ kết hợp với động từ tạo thành cụm động từ có ý nghĩa khác hoàn toàn so với nghĩa động từ ban đầu.

- Cụm động từ có thể là nội động từ:

I hope that my idea came across well.

- Cụm động từ có thể là ngoại động từ:

He has been looking after his mother.

He has been looking after her.

He has been looking her after (incorrect)

- Một số cụm động từ có thể đồng thời là nội động từ hoặc ngoại động từ, tuỳ thuộc vào nghĩa thành ngữ được sử dụng:

The two friends made up after their bitter argument (Nội động từ)

Please stop making up excuses (Ngoại động từ)

Một số cụm động từ thường gặp.

Cụm động từ Nghĩa Ví dụ be about to do st Định, sắp sửa làm gì Hi Johnny, I was about to call you. be in Có mặt I will let you know as soon as the doctor is in be into Rất thích

I'm really into this band rigid now. be over Kết thúc The worst is over He should start to recover in a few days. come across sb/st Tình cờ gặp ai/tìm thấy cái gì I came across that old watch of mine when I was cleaning out the drawers. come into Thừa kế (tiền, tài sản) He must have come into a bit of money. come up with Tìm ra, nảy ra ý tưởng I'm finding it difficult to come up with new ideas. come down with Bị nhiễm bệnh I don't feel very well today I think I've come down with the flu. get on (with sb) Có quan hệ tốt We're getting on much better now that we don’t live together. get out of Tránh khỏi How can I get out of this mess I'm in. get (a)round to st/doing st Thu xếp thời gian để hoàn tất việc gì I still haven't gotten (a)round to fixing the broken table. get back Trở về What time did you get back last night? get rid of Vứt bỏ I want to get rid of that old mattress. give away st Hiến tặng He's a generous man He gives away half of his salary to charity each month. give out Phân phát Can you give out these books to the rest of the class please? give up Từ bỏ The doctor has told me to give up smoking. look into Điều tra, xem xét, nghiên cứu The police are looking into reports of a robbery last night. look up Tra cứu (từ điển) Can you look up John's phone number for me please? look forward to Mong đợi, mong chờ I am looking forward to seeing my family again after six months of living abroad. look after Trông nom, chăm sóc Can you look after my cat while I'm away? look down on Khinh thường My neighbours look down on us because we have less money. look up to Coi trọng She really looks up to her boss He has taught her many things. break down Hư hỏng My car broke down on the highway today.

I Circle the best option A, B, C or D to choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from those of the others.

II Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

I Circle the best option A, B, C, or D to complete each of the sentences.

1 _ for the fact that he was working abroad, he would willingly have helped with the project.

A If it had been B If it had not been C Had it been D Hadn't it been

2 Whenever he had an important decision to make, he _ a cigar, supposedly to calm his nerves!

A had it B would have lit C would light D would be lighting

3 Many children who get into trouble in their early teens go on to become _ offenders.

4 He had repeatedly warned the children _ playing too near the canal.

5 Good restaurants serving traditional English food are very hard to _.

A come into B come by C come to D come at

6 Secondary schools offer a wide _ of subjects.

7 If you don't know the language, you may have to use _ language.

8 The government has recently _ the buildings in the old section of the city.

9 When she came _, she found herself in hospital.

10 You'll have to go for an interview tomorrow, but don't worry It's just a _

11 Since the _ of the motor car, road accidents have increased

12 I must have browsed through hundreds of _, but I have no idea where to go for this year holiday.

A booklets B yellow pages C brochures D propaganda

13 It's possible to supplement one's _ by taking a part-time job.

14 I was _ in the book I was reading and didn't hear the phone.

15 He couldn't _ his father that he was telling the truth.

II Provide a fitting subordinator to fill the gaps in these sentences.

1 I'm going to the bank _ I need some money.

3 _ it's raining, she's going for a walk in the park.

4 _ she finishes her homework soon, she will fail the class.

5 He decided to trust Tim _ he was an honest man.

6 _ we went to school, she decided to investigate the situation.

7 Jennifer decided to leave Tom _ he was too worried about his job.

8 Dennis bought a new jacket _ he had received one as a gift last week.

9 Brandley claims that there will be trouble _ he doesn't complete the job.

10 Janice will have finished the report _ the time you receive the letter.

III Supply the correct forms of the words given in bold to complete the sentences

1 Schools must try to make science more ……… to youngsters (ATTRACT)

3 This type of trap uses no bait or other ……… (ATTRACT)

4 The lette has been ……… by hand writing experts (AUTHENTIC)

5 These are novels that ……… represent human experience (AUTHENTIC)

6 It is clearly the work of a master ……… (CRAFT)

7 The paintings were in an excellent state of ……… (PRESERVE)

8 If an invoice is not paid within seven days, we automatically send out a ………

9 He is receiving ……… for shock (TREAT)

10 A multilateral nuclear test ban ……… was to be signed (TREAT)

I Circle the best option A, B, C, or D for each gap to complete the passage

Many visitors come to Tatter bridge to see the wonderful art (1) _ and museums, the beautiful buildings and the fantastic parks Few people go outside the city, and so they miss out on (2) _ the scenery and the fascinating history of this beautiful area This brochure will tell you what you can see if you (3) _ a short bus ride out of the city.

The beautiful village of Tatter bridge was (4) _ to the children's writer Jane Potter, whose stories of Benjamin Bear (5) _ loved by adults and children around the world Jane Potter's home is now a museum and tea shop, and is well (6) _ a visit just for its wonderful gardens It also has a gift shop where you can buy (7) _ and books. Tatter bridge has a number of interesting shops (8) _ an excellent cake shop, and 'Wendy's Gift shop' where you can find lots of unusual gifts made (9) _ hand by local artists Lovers of Jane Potter's books should also walk to the Green Valley woods, which have not changed since Jane Potter (10) _ her stories there one hundred years ago.

II Use words in the box to complete the passage.

When; paintings; craft; artisan; as; situated; parts; villagers; and; engaged.

Recently, we made a trip to revisit Dong Ho Village with a desire to meet old artisan Nguyen Huu Sam Just when we arrived at the dyke in the village and talked with the villagers about the (1) _, they intimately told us about him.

The old house owned by the artisan is (2) _ in a long alley of the village On the walls of the house there are many folk paintings in different genres, from daily life paintings to landscape (2) _ shown in a set of "four seasons"

Mr Sam told us about his past (4) _ he was three years old, he was instructed in the craft of making Dong Ho paintings by his father At five, he could help his father apply the Dong

Ho paintings At seven, he was able to draw with a pen (5) _ made the most difficult samples Years went by and the soul of Dong Ho folk paintings has kept seashell powder paint to the Poonah-paper.

In the 1940s this craft flourished At that time, Nguyen Huu Sam was assigned by bis parents to take the paintings to the market for sale Mr Sam said that 17 families in the village had been (6) _ in making Dong Ho paintings.

Artisan Nguyen Huu Sam has always been devoted to the making of Dong Ho paintings and has waited for opportunities to restore this traditional (7) _ In 1967, when the local authorities assigned him to restore the traditional gen re of Dong Ho folk paintings, he gathered 50

(8) _ with professional skills and collected hundreds of woodblocks to establish the Dong Ho Painting Cooperative, Thanks to his efforts, such famous paintings (9) _

CITY LIFE

Words Transcription Meaning Examples fabulous (a) /ˈfổbjələs/ Tuyệt vời I want an outfit that'll make me look fabulous reliable (a) /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ Đáng tin cậy We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working.

Metropolitan (a) /ˌmetrəˈpɒlɪtən/ Thuộc đô thị the New York metropolitan area

Multicultural (a) /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ Đa văn hóa We live in a multicultural society. variety (n) /vəˈraɪəti/ Sự phong phú He resigned for a variety of reasons. grow up (ph.v) /ɡrəʊ ʌp/ Lớn lên She grew up in Boston. packed (a) /pổkt/ Chật nớch người The restaurant was packed urban (a) /ˈɜːbən/ Thuộc đô thị urban areas; urban life

Oceania (n) /ˌəʊsiˈɑːniə/ Châu Đại dương Oceania is a term used to denote a region, comprising Australia and neighbouring islands. medium-sized

(a) /ˈmiːdiəm saɪzd/ Cỡ vừa That's a medium-sized saucepan. forbidden (a) /fəˈbɪdn/ Bị cấm Photography is strictly forbidden in the museum. easy-going (a) /ˌiːzi ˈɡəʊɪŋ/ Dễ tính My older brother is more easy - going. downtown (a) /ˈdaʊntaʊn/ Thuộc trung tâm thành phố a downtown store

Skyscraper (n) /ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)/ Nhà cao chọc trời Tall skyscrapers loomed above us stuck (a) /stʌk/ Mắc kẹt The wheels were stuck in the mud wander (v) /ˈwɒndə(r)/ Đi lang thang The child wandered off and got lost. affordable (a) /əˈfɔːdəbl/ Giá cả (phải chăng) It is an affordable price. conduct (v) /kənˈdʌkt/ Thực hiện The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner. determine (v) /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ Xác định It is difficult to determine the exact cause of the illness. factor (n) /ˈfổktə(r)/ Yếu tố The result will depend on a number of conflict (n) /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ Xung đột The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts indicator (n) /ˈɪndɪkeɪtə(r)/ Chỉ số The economic indicators are better than expected. asset (n) /ˈổset/ Tài sản In his job, patience is an invaluable asset urban sprawl

/ˈɜːbənsprɔːl / Sự đô thị hóa urban sprawl describes the expansion of human populations away from central urban areas into low-density , monofunctional and usually car- dependent communities. index (n) /ˈɪndeks/ Chỉ số It's a general index to the whole work. metro (n) /ˈmetrəʊ/ Tàu điện ngầm He likes to travel on the metro dweller (n) /ˈdwelə(r)/ Cư dân Apartment dwellers are still primarily couples and singles | negative (a) /ˈneɡətɪv/ Tiêu cực The crisis had a negative effect on trade. for the time being /fə(r) ðə taɪm ˈbiːɪŋ / Hiện thời You can leave your suitcase here for the time being

Words Related words Transcription Meaning afford (v) afford (v) /əˈfɔːd/ Có thể, có đủ sức, có đủ khả năng, có đủ tiền, thời gian, không gian (để làm gì) affordable (adj) /əˈfɔːdəbl/ (giá cả) phải chăng affordability (n) /əˌfɔːdəˈbɪləti/ Tính kinh tế, tính hợp lí về giá cả determine

(v) determine (v) /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ Xác định, quyết định. determination (n) /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ Sự xác định, sự quyết định determined (to do something) (adj) /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ Nhất định, nhất quyết, quả quyết, kiên quyết. determinedly (adv) /dɪˈtɜːmɪndli/ Một cách kiên quyết, một cách quả quyết. urban (a) urban (adj) /ˈɜːbən/ (Thuộc) đô thị, thành thị urbanise (v) (UK) urbanize (v) (US) /ˈɜːbənaɪz/ Đô thị hóa, thành thị hóa urbanisation (n) /ˈɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ Sự đô thị hóa, sự thành thị hóa urbanization (n) vary (v) vary (v) /ˈveəri/ Làm cho khác nhau, thay đổi, biến đổi various (adj) /ˈveəriəs/ Khác nhau, không giống nhau, thuộc về nhiều loại. variously /ˈveəriəsli/ Một cách khác nhau theo từng trường hợp, thời gian, nơi chốn… riêng. variation /ˌveəriˈeɪʃn/ Sự biến đổi, sự thay đổi

Sự khác nhau, sự dao động

Trong loại so sánh này người ta chia làm hai dạng: tính từ/phó từ ngắn (là từ chỉ có một âm tiết/ một vần) và tính từ/ phó từ dài (từ hai âm tiết trở lên).

1 Đối với tính từ/ phó từ ngắn chỉ cần thêm –ER vào cuối tính từ/ phó từ +THAN

ER THAN + Phó từ ngắn

Ví dụ: THICK – THICKER COLD – COLDER QUIET – QUIETER

- I am taller than my sister.

- He works harder than I do.

- Đối với tính từ ngắn có một phụ âm tận cùng (trừ w,x,z) và trước đó là một nguyên âm, phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm hậu tố -ER.

Ví dụ: BIG - BIGGER RED - REDDER HOT-HOTTER

- Đối với tính từ ngắn có tận cùng bằng - E câm, ta chỉ cần thêm -R để cấu tạo so sánh:

NICE-NICER SAFE-SAFER LATE - LATER

- Một số tính từ hai âm tiết cũng thành lập so sánh bậc hơn theo cách này Đó là các tính từ tận cùng là PHỤ ÂM+Y, ta phải đổi Y thành I rồi thêm -ER:

HAPPY-HAPPIER DRY-DRIER PRETTY-PRETTIER.

GOOD - WELL BAD - WORSE FAR - FARTHER/ FURTHER

- Một số phó từ ngắn thêm -ER khi so sánh tương đối, bao gồm:

2 Đối với tính từ, phó từ dài, hoặc danh từ, thêm MORE trước tính từ/ phó từ / danh từ đó.

Tính từ dài Phó từ dài (-LY) THAN Danh từ

- Đối với các tính từ có hậu tố -ed, -ful, -ing, -ish, -ous cũng biến đổi bằng cách thêm MORE vào trước tính từ đó (more useful, more boring, more cautious)

Chú ý khi đã dùng more thì không dùng hậu tố -er và ngược lại Các ví dụ sau là SAI: more prettier, more faster, more better

3 So sánh không ngang bằng có thể dược nhấn mạnh bằng cách thêm MUCH hoặc FAR trước cụm từ so sánh.

+ S + V far adjective + er + than + noun much pronoun

+ S + V far more + adjective than + noun much adverb pronoun

A water lemon is much sweeter than a lemon.

His car is far better than yours.

Henry's watch is far more expensive than mine.

4 Một số mẫu câu sử dụng so sánh hơn:

• ANY/ EVEN/ NO + So sánh hơn:

You are even more beautiful than before.

Some people can eat what they like and get no fatter.

• Cụm từ OF được đặt ở đầu câu để nhấn mạnh hình thức so sánh hơn.

Ví dụ: Of the two boys, John behaves the more politely.

• Câu bình phẩm: Thời hiện tại hoàn thành + So sánh hơn.

Ví dụ: Tve never seen a more beautiful woman than my mother.

(ER AND -ER (đối với tính từ ngắn – MORE AND MORE + tính từ dài

The older I get, the happier I am.

The sooner you start, the more quickly your work will be finished.

• Mẫu câu NO SOONER trong caau đảo ngữ

NO SOONER + Past perfect + THAN + Subject + Simple past

I le had no sooner arrived limn he began lo make lrouble.

No sooner had he arrived limn In* began lo make trouble.

I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

II Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

I Supply the correct forms of the words given in bold complete the sentences.

1 Da Nang is a very nice _ city (PICTURE)

2 Verona is a very nice breath-taking place with very nice _ atmosphere.

3 Ho Chi Minh City offers a wider range of _ , especially the nightlife with lots of concerts for you to choose (ENTERTAIN)

4 The architects got inspired to use the lotus flower in the design for the _ (SKY)

5 Industrialization and _ as well as global integration have big impact on lifestyle in the cities (MODERN)

6 City icons play an importan, role in the efforts of cities to get _ (REMEMBER)

II Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

1 Mary was very unhappy last week, but she has _ now.

A cheered up B made out C believed in D came up

2 Dubai's Palm Islands in the blue ocean is the _ of a good and sunny light.

3 This place is so _ with the non-stop flow of customers to come and enjoy Pho.

4 You don’t need to _ to go the mail - jeans and a T-shirt are fine.

A dress in B go over C dress up D turn up

5 Ha Noi also offers a nightlife as exciting as _ in Ho Chi Minh City.

6 Let me know when you come to Hoi An and 1I’ll _.

A take you out B bring you around C show you around D cheer you up

7 We expected her at nine but she finally _ at eleven.

A tuned up B tuned out C came over D grew up

8 Linda is taking extra lessons _ to what she missed while she was sick.

A take back B keep up with C get on well with D look forward to

9 Visitors can take a free boat from Manhattan to Staten Island for a great _ of the Statue of Liberty and the Manhattan skyline.

10 He’s still hoping something will _.

A turn out B turn up C come over D grow up

11 Professor Colin Evers _, a job at a famous university in Sydney.

A applied for B found out C made up D stand up

12 We really can't, _ living like this - we'll have to find a bigger house.

A go out B go over C go up D go on

13 When you want to relax, you'll have one of the world's _ cities at your feet, with more than 40% green space and open water to enjoy.

A greener B greenest C mostly green D green mostly

14 It is considered that life in the city is wonderful and _.

15 Opened in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco still ranks among the top 10 _ bridge spans in the world.

A long B longer C mostly long D longest

III Complete the sentences with suitable phrasal verbs from the box. turn up pull down turn back take off get over take off grow up give up set up look forward to

1 You need to _ your shoes before going inside the house.

2 Tom is not very punctual He usually _ten minutes after the lesson has started.

3 They _ the old cinema to build a new shopping mall.

4 I'm really _ my holiday to NhaTrang.

5 The police never _ all hope of finding the lost child.

6 A committee has been _ to organize social events for the students.

7 It took me a few days to _ my flu .

8 Please _ your shoes when you come in the house.

9 The mountain climbers have to _ because they were exhausted.

10 I was born in Hai Duong, but I _ Ha Noi.

I Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the given words in the box. factor residents find out make households because occupy move ancestors facilities

There are 21,900 (1) _ in an area of less than 100 hectares of the Old Quarter in

Ha Noi In many houses, an entire family may (2) _ no more than a single room.

A house on Hang Ca Street built in the 1940s, originally belonged to one wealthy man and his wives, and now there are six households there with about 30 people Many say the convenience of the Old Quarter living compensates for the shortage ot (3) _ Tradition is also a(n) (4) _because residents have bigger houses elsewhere but no one wants to sell the old houses or rooms (5) _ these are the houses of the (6) _.

The authorities of Hanoi have had a plan to (7) _ 25.000 of the Old Quarter’s 84,000, (8) _ beginning in 2009 when 1,900 households will go to a new development area, across the Red River.

However, people don't want to live in a high-rise block because they are not used to it. Authorities will take time to (9) _ what people will need to (10) _them feel comfortable in their new neighbourhood.

II Read the passage, and choose the corect answer A, B, C or D for each question.

Ho Chi Minh City's Coffee Culture

Ho Chì Minh City is a metropolis where life is very busy and hasty The best way to enjoy the balance in your mind in such a busy city is to sit on the balcony of one of the numerous coffee houses scattered throughout the city In this way, you will be out of the crowd but able to look down on the street below You will also be drinking the beverage that must be at least partly responsible for the kinetic energy that has transformed this city into one of the busiest commercial centres of Southeast Asia in just 20 years - it is coffee.

TEEN STRESS AND PRESSURE

Words Transcription Meaning Examples adolescence (n) /ˌổdəˈlesns/ giai đoạn vị thành niên Adolescence brings about major changes in a young person's body. adulthood (n) /ˈổdʌlthʊd/ giai đoạn trưởng thành His problems began in early adulthood calm (a) /kɑːm/ bình tĩnh Keep the patient calm cognitive skill (n) /ˈkɒɡnətɪv skɪl / kỹ năng tư duy Cognifives skill is very important in this job. concentrate (v) /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/ Tập trung I was tired and couldn't concentrate properly. confident (a) /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ Tự tin I'm 95% confident of success. delighted (a) /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ vui sướng I'm delighted at/ by your news. depressed (a) /dɪˈprest/ tuyệt vọng You mustn't let yourself get depressed embarrassed /ɪmˈbổrəst/ Xấu hổ He looked a bit embarrassed emergency (n) /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ tình huống khẩn cấp The assembly declared a national emergency frustrated (a) /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ bực bội I'm starting to get frustrated helpline (n) /ˈhelplaɪn/ đường dây hỗ trợ A new helpline is now available for people trying to stop smoking. house keeping skill (n) /haʊs ˈkiːpɪŋ skɪl

/ Kĩ năng làm việc nhà Men should know house keeping skill, too.

Independence (n) /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ Độc lập Vietnam declared independence in

(n) /ɪnˈfɔːmd dɪˈsɪʒn

/ quyết định có cân nhắc Informed decision is required in this situation left out (a) /left aʊt / bị bỏ rơi Vie older children had gone upstairs to play and she felt left out life skill (n) /laɪf skɪl / kỹ năng sống Teach your children life skills such as conflict resolution. relaxed (a) /rɪˈlổkst/ thư gión He appeared relaxed and confident before the match. resolve conflict /rɪˈzɒlv ˈkɒnflɪkt

/ giải quyết xung đột Resolving conflicts is always a tough task. risk-taking(n) /ˈrɪsk teɪkɪŋ/ sự liều lĩnh Starting a business always involves some risk-taking self – aware (a) /ˌself əˈweə(r)/ tự nhận thức She was sufficiently self-aware to recognize the cause of her problems. self-disciplined /ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪnd/ Kỷ luật tự giác It is essential to make her self- disciplined stressed (a) /strest/ căng thẳng She's just making herself more stressed

Tense (a) /tens/ căng thẳng He's a very tense person. worried (a) /ˈwʌrid/ lo lắng Don't look so worried!

II Word formation adolescence (n) Related words Transcription Meaning adult (n) adolescent (a) /ˌổdəˈlesnt/ vị thành niờn calm (a) adulthood (n) /ˈổdʌlthʊd/ giai đoạn trưởng thành calmly (adv) /ˈkɑːmli/ diêm tĩnh calmness (n) /ˈkɑːmnəs/ sự yên tĩnh, sự đìêtn tĩnh concentrate (v) concentrated (a) /ˈkɒnsntreɪtɪd/ tập trung concentration (n) /ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/ sự tập trung confident (a) confidence (n) /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ sự tự tin confidential (a) /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃl/ bí mật confidentiality (n) /ˌkɒnfɪˌdenʃiˈổləti/ Tớnh bớ mật confide /kənˈfaɪd/ giãi bày tâm sự delighted (a) delight (v) /dɪˈlaɪt/ Làm cho ai vui sướng delight (n) /dɪˈlaɪt/ Sự vui sướng delightful (a) /dɪˈlaɪtfl/ Làm say mê depress (v) depressant (n) /dɪˈpresnt/ Thuốc giảm đau depressed (a) /dɪˈprest/ Chán nản depressing (a) /dɪˈpresɪŋ/ làm chán nản depression (n) /dɪˈpreʃn/ sự chán nản depressive (a) /dɪˈpresɪv/ Suy yếu, suy nhược embarrassed (a) embarrass (v) /ɪmˈbổrəs/ Làm bối rối embarrassment (n) /ɪmˈbổrəsmənt/ sự bối rối embarrassing (a) /ɪmˈbổrəsɪŋ/ Khiến bối rối frustrated (a) frustrate (v) /frʌˈstreɪt/ làm nản lòng frustration (n) /frʌˈstreɪʃn/ sự làm nản lòng frustrating (a) /frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ/ gây nản lòng independence (n) depend (v) /dɪˈpend/ phụ thuộc dependent (a) /dɪˈpendənt/ phụ thuộc dependence(n) /dɪˈpendəns/ sự phụ thuộc independent (a) /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ độc lập relaxed (a) relax (v) /rɪˈlổks/ nghỉ ngơi relaxing (a) /rɪˈlổksɪŋ/ làm bớt căng thẳng relaxation (n) /ˌriːlổkˈseɪʃn/ Sự nghỉ ngơi stressed (a) stress (n) /stres/ Sự căng thẳng stressful (a) /ˈstresfl/ gây căng thẳng tense (a) tense (v) /tens/ (làm cho) trở nên căng thẳng tension (n) /ˈtenʃn/ Sự căng thẳng tense/ tensile (a) /ˈtensaɪl/ thuộc sức căng, căng thẳng worried (a) worry (v.n) /ˈwʌri/ sự lo lắng, làm cho lo lắng worrier (n) /ˈwʌriə(r)/ người hay lo lắng worrisome (a) /ˈwʌrisəm/ gây lo lắng

1 Câu gián tiếp (Indirect speech/ Reported speech)

Câu gián tiếp hay câu tường thuật là tường thuật một cách gián tiếp cho ai đó đó nghe những gì người khác đã nói.

Direct: John said, "I often come here."

Indirect: John said (that) he often came there.

Từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp dã có sự thay đổi, khác nhau:

- Bỏ ngoặc kép, dấu phẩy (hoặc dấu hai chấm) sau động từ “said”.

- Đổi ngôi của đại từ: "I" thành "he".

- Đổi thì của động từ: "come" thành "came".

- Đổi trạng từ chỉ địa điểm: "here" thành "there".

Tuy nhiên, nếu người tường thuật vẫn ở cùng một địa điểm, thời gian, chúng ta không thay đổi thì của động từ, tính từ chỉ định, trạng từ chỉthời gian và nơi chốn.

Direct: John: "I often come here".

Indirect: John is saying (that) he often comes here.

1.2 Những thay đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp

1.2.1 Thay đổi về đại từ chỉ ngôi, đại từ phản thân, đại từ sở hữu và tính từ sở hữu

Ngôi thứ nhất Ngôi thứ ba (cùng một ngôi với chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề chính)

Ngôi thứ hai Đổi thành cùng một ngôi với tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính.

Ngôi thứ ba Để nguyên, không thay đổi.

1.2.2 Thay đổi về thì của động từ

Direct Indirect am/is was are were

Was/ were Had been must must/had to may might might might could could/had been able to shall should should should ought to ought to do/does did did had done will do would do have/has done had done had done had done will have done would have done am/is/are doing was/were doing have/has been doing had been doing was/were doing had been doing had been doing had been doing will be doing would be doing will have been doing would have been doing used to do used to do am/is/are going to do was/were going to do would like wanted

1.2.3 Thay đổi về các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm và tính từ/ đại từ chỉ định. today, tonight that day/ that night tomorrow the next/ following day/ the day after the day after tomorrow two days after yesterday the day before/ the previous day the day before yesterday two days before next week/month/year the week/month/year/night after the following week/month/year last week/ month/ year/ night the week/month/year/night before the previous week/month/year/night now then/immediately ago before

1.3 Trần thuật, câu kể (Statement)

- Động từ tường thuật thường là tell, say hoặc explain.

- Tell someone, say/ explain to someone that (trong đàm thoại có the lược bỏ liên từ "that").

Direct: She said, "I will call you tomorrow."

Indirect: She said (that) she would call me the next day.

1.4 Trần thuật câu hỏi không có từ để hỏi (Yes-No questions)

- Động từ tường thuật thường là asked (hỏi), wondered (tự hỏi), inquired (hỏi), wanted to know (muốn biết) Nếu động từ tường thuật ở câu hỏi trực tiếp là "said", "said to", "told" thì phải đổi thành các động từ nêu trên: "asked"

- Câu nghi vấn chuyển về câu kể, không đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ.

- Không dùng liên từ "that", dấu chẩm hỏi được bỏ đi trong câu hỏi gián tiếp.

- Dùng if/ whether (có không) để nối mệnh đề chính với câu hỏi gián tiếp.

Direct: We asked Andrew, "Have you bought a new game?"

Indirect: We asked Andrew if he had bought a new game.

1.5 Trần thuật câu hỏi có từ để hỏi (Wh - questions)

- Các thay đổi về cơ bản giống phần Yes-No question.

- Chú ý: Giữ lại vấn từ (question word: WH-) trong câu trực tiếp thành liên từ trong câu hỏi gián tiếp.

Direct: He asked me, "When can I call you back?"

Indirect: He asked me when he could call me back.

1.6 Trần thuật câu điều kiện (Conditional sentences)

- Câu điều kiện loại 1: thay đổi thì của động từ, đại từ và trạng từ

- Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3: chỉ thay đổi đại từ và trạng từ cho phù hợp, không thay đổi thì của động từ.

"I will stay at home if it rains"  She said she would stay at home if it rained.

"I wouldn't get to school late if I got up early."  She said she wouldn't get to school late if she got up early.

"I would have gone out if I hadn't been tired."  She said she would have gone out if she hadn't been tired.

1.7 Trần thuật câu mệnh lệnh thức

- Trần thuật câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định:

Subject + asked/ told/ ordered/ requested + Object + to infinitive

He said to me, "Slow down, please." (yêu cầu)

He asked me to slow down.

He said to him, "Stop shouting!" (mệnh lệnh)

He told him to stop shouting.

- Trần thuật câu mệnh lệnh phủ định:

Subject + asked/ told/ ordered/ requested + Object + NOT + to infinitive

Direct: He said to me, "Don't shut the door, please."

Indirect: He told me not to shut the door.

1.8 Câu có chức năng đặc biệt (Sentences with specific functions)

- Các câu có chức năng và ý nghĩa đặc biệt như lời mời, xin lỗi, đề nghị có thể dùng các cấu trúc sau để có câu gián tiếp:

Invited someone to do something.

Apologized to someone for doing something

Direct: She said, "Why don't we write a letter?" (gợi ý)

Indirect: She suggested/recommended writing a letter.

Direct: I said to her, "Would you like to dance?" (lời mời)

Indirect: I invited her to dance.

Direct: She said to them, "Shall I drive you home?" (đề nghị)

Indirect: She offered to drive them borne.

Direct: We said to him, ''Sorry for the inconvenience”.

Indirect: We apologised to him for the inconvenience.

2 WH- đứng trước to-infinitive

Verb + WH - + to do something

Ví dụ: Now I don't know what to do.

Cấu trúc này đặc biệt hay sử dụng với các động từ sau: ask, wonder, (not) be sure, have no idea, (not) know, (not) decide, (not) tell, remember, forget, explain, learn, understand.

Ví dụ: I have no idea where to go tonight.

I Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

II Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.

A concentrate B tense c stressed D self-aware

I Supply the correct forms of the words given in bold complete the sentences.

1 Do parents get _ from their children studies? (SATISFY)

2 He is very _ in everything he does (SYSTEM)

3 Fruit _ as it ripens (SWEET)

4 My brother lives in a _ area (RESIDE)

5 She is extremely _ about art (KNOWLEDGE)

6 Theywere brought up to be have in a _ way in public (CIVILISATION)

7 Many people limit their _ To the sun because their skin burns very easily.

8 Helen was worried about her test, and she didn't sleep well She was very tired after a _ night (SLEEP)

9 The price of the book is 10 dollars, including _ and packing (POST)

10 How are you getting on with your _ course in French? (CORRESPOND)

II Complete the sentences with the words from the box Use each word once only. disappointed; embarrassed; frustrated; tired; worried angry; bored; confident; confused; delighted

1 I fell _ I don't have anything to do.

2 Janet is _ because she doesn't know if she got an F or an A in her test.

3 I feel so _ because I've worked all night

4 The headmaster was very _ with Tom because of his bad behaviour at school.

5 The student felt _ because they couldn't go camping.

6 Bob looks depressed and _ He's constantly signing and complaining.

7 Paul was _ when he heard his song on the radio.

8 Mum is _ because my sister hasn't come home yet.

9 Phuong is _ that he will pass the examination.

10 Peter felt _ when he was treated in front of some girls.

III Choose the correct answer among A, B C or D to complete the sentences.

1 I asked Martha _ to enter law school.

A was she planning B is she planning

C if she was planning D are you planning

A whether I was doing B if I am doing

3 “I wish _ eat vegetables”, he said.

A my children will B my children would

C whether my children would D my children must

4 He events to know whether I _ back tomorrow

A come B came C will come D would come

5 I wonder why he _love his family.

A help him B should help him C to help him D help to him

7 Peter asked Jane why _ the film on TV the previous night.

A didn't she watch B hadn't she watched

C she doesn't watch D she hadn't watched

8 He advised them _ in class.

A to not talk B not to talk C to tall not D don't talk

9 Someone was wondering ir the taxi _ yet.

A had arrived B arrived C arrives D has arrived

10 The government has announced that taxes _.

A would be raised B had been raised C were raised D will be raised

11 He proved that the earth _ round the Sun.

A had gone B was going C gees D would go

12 Claire wanted to know what time _.

A do the banks close B the banks would close

C did the banks close D the banks closed

13 Julia said that she _ there at noon.

A is going to be B was going to be C will be D can be

14 He _ that he was leaving that afternoon.

A told me B told to me C said me D says to me

15 Nam wanted to know what time _.

A does the movie begin B did the movie begin

C the movie begins D the movie began

I Read the two letters: one from a girl and the other from Miss Wiselady, then do the following task.

I am in grade 9 at a school in town I absolutely love my school, and I love my classmates, except one thing It seems that the girls are always saying negative things about our teachers, even our headmistress This kind of gossip makes me uncomfortable and upset I don't think it's good for the study atmosphere, and it would be terrible if the teachers found out I don't know how to face up to this issue What should I do?

Well, that is a nasty problem If you really wanted to do something, you could explain how you feel Tell them that they should not go on with the gossip But it might be too direct for some people.

I suggest you try to keep away from it as much as possible Keep quiet, or better still, just leave them if you are not comfortable with the topic of discussion.

Wiselady. a Underline the phrasal verbs in the letters and say what they mean. b Mark the sentences (T) for (True) and (F) for (False)

Upset wants some advice from Miss Wiselady

Miss Wiselady says the problem is not easy to solve

Upset doesn't love her classmates

There is some gossip among Upset's friends

Miss Wiselady suggests Upset should deal with the gossip directly

II Read the text and use the words in the box to fill in the blanks. embarrassed; delighted; self-aware; informed; reasoning; skills; independence; shape and height

Adolescence is the period between childhood and young adulthood Your body will change in (1) _ Your brain will grow and you'll have improved self-control and (2) _ Physical changes are different for everyone, so you don't need to feel (3) _ or frustrated!

You'll experience emotional changes as well You'll feel you want more (4) _and responsibility You may become more (5) and care about other people's opinions, especially those of your friends But remember you’ll need adult support and guidance to make (6) _ decisions and overcome stress.

III Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each questions.

British teenagers sit up to 70 exams and tests before they reach their GCSEs (The General Certificate of Secondary Education) But there are ways to ease t e stress at exam time.

What a student eats and drinks in the run-up to exams can influence how clearly they think and how happy they feel A balanced diet with Jots of fruit and vegetables, fish and complex carbohydrates will help them concentrate and think clearly Too much high-fat, high-sugar and high- caffeine food and drink can make studying harder.

I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

II Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

I Use the correct form of the words given in brackets to finish the sentences.

1 Many people, move to the city because they enjoy the pleasant and _ life there.

2 New York is a multi- _ city It has people from all over the world living in it.

3 One of the _ in my hometown is the traditional market, which is open every Sunday (ATTRACT)

4 What are the differences between Dong Ho _ and Sinh ones? (PAINT)

5 _ is one of the biggest problems in this city (EMPLOY)

6 Preserving some of our old and historical buildings for future generations is _.

7 Visiting the village, I was impressed by the _ of handicrafts on offer (VARY)

8 Adolescence is the period between childhood and young adulthood You will feel you want more _ and responsibility (DEPEND)

9 The museum has a big _ of valuable artefacts (COLLECT)

10 The artisans in my village prefer to use _ looms rather than modern knitting machines (TRADITION)

II Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

1 The village is famous _ its traditional craft

2 This vase is made by our most skilful _.

3 This city has one of the most _ underground rail networks in the world.

4 This laptop is much more user- friendly, but it costs _ the other one.

A so much as B as many as C twice as much as D twice as many

5 Today's cities are _ than cities in previous times.

A lots larger B much larger C as large D the largest

6 After I found all the information I needed, I _ the computer.

A turned off B switched on C looked for D put off

7 Japan is the _ developed country in the world.

A most second B second in most C second most D two most

8 My mother said that she would go to Ho Chi Minh city _.

A the last day B the following day

C the previous day D the day before

9 She _ flowers on the paintings.

10 We arranged to meet in front of the lantern shop at 8 o'clock but she never _.

A set up B turned up C lived on D got up

11 What time did you _ off on your journey to Da Lat?

12 Your body will change in shape and _.

13 Your brain will grow and you'll have improved self-control and _ skills

A housekeeping B reasoning C socjal D emotion control

14 They can't decide who _ first

A go B to go C went D going

15 I don't think Fred gets _ with Daniel They always argue.

16 My uncle took _ the business from my grandparents.

17 You're not a safe driver! You should drive _.

A careful B careless C more carefully D more carelessly

18 The villagers are trying to learn English _ they can communicate with foreign customers.

A so that B in order that

C in order to D both A and B are correct

19 Conical hat making in the village has been passed _ from generation to generation

20 Mary asked me why I _ absent from class the last day.

A was B have been C had been D am

III Complete the sentences with the correct form of verbs from the box You don't need to use all of them. turn break get give keep come take find go remind live

1 Do you think that the various crafts _ people of a specific region?

2 My aunt never really _ over the death of her pet dog.

3 It's not easy to _ up smoking My uncle has tried to do it lots of times without success.

4 Sorry, I don't mean to interrupt you Please _ on and finish what you are saying.

5 I enjoyed living in London, but it didn't really _ up to my expectations.

6 I'm sorry I'm late, but the car _ down on the way here, so I had to phone for a taxi.

7 You were going too fast! I couldn't _ up with you.

8 Remember to _ out how many people are coming to the party.

9 The artisans in my village can _ on basket weaving.

10 I invited her to join our trip to Trang An, but she _ down my invitation.

I Complete the passage by filling each blank with a suitable word.

Some people ask me (1) _ I like living in my hometown The answer is certainly 'yes' The simple reason is that it has lots of interesting places If you want to widen your knowledge of the past, you can go to the (2) _ It's a historical building, with a big collection of valuable artefacts There is also a (3) _village in my hometown There, the villagers

(4) _drums Their drums are not only famous in the locality but (5) _ nationwide You can visit the old workshop, where drums are still made in the (6) _ way Some of them are huge! Another attraction in my hometown is the local (7) _ where anyone can borrow books and take them home to read Besides, it also as a wading club I'm

(8) _ of its members, and we gather once a week to discuss (9) _ we've read together My hometown is also a (10) _ centre, with many traditional festivals and activities I love it very much.

II Read the passage and then answer the following questions.

Many people from rural areas are leaving behind their traditional way of life and moving to the city They believe that well-paid jobs are plentiful in the city.

At home on the farm, life is always a struggle with nature Typhoons, floods or droughts can easily destroy a harvest and leave the farmer with little or no money until the following year Often farmers look for other work when they need more money for their family.

The increase in population, however, has led to overcrowding in many cities This puts a strain on schools and hospitals, as well as water and electricity supplies Increased pollution is another unpleasant result There is also a human side to this tragedy Families sometimes have to live apart.

In these cases, children may live at home with relatives, while their parents go and live in an urban area.

Governments all over the world are trying to provide facilities for these migrants, but it can be quite a problem.

1 Why do many people in the countryside want to move to the city?

2 How is life at home on the farm?

3 When do farmers often look for other work?

4 What are the consequences of overpopulation?

5 Is it true that governments all over the world are trying to provide facilities for these migrants? _

III Read the following passage and mark the latter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Why is it that many teenagers have the energy to play computer games until late at night but can't find the energy to get out of bed (1) _ for school? According to a new report, today's generation of children are in danger of getting so (2) _ sleep that they are putting their mental and physical health at (3) _ Adults can easily survive on seven to eight hours' sleep a night, (4) _ teenagers require nine or ten hours According to medical experts, one in five youngsters (5) _ by on between two and five hours' sleep a night, less than their parents did at their age.

1 A behind time B about time C in time D at time

IV Read the text and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for the questions.

Perfume Pagoda is a religious site as well as being a great sight-seeing spot in Vietnam It is situated in Huong Son Commune, My Due District, Hanoi It is a vast complex of Buddhist temples and shrines, including Den Trinh (Presentation Shrine) and Thien Tru (Heaven Kitchen) Pagoda, in the limestone Huong Tich mountains The centre of this complex is the Perfume Temple, also called Chua Trong (Inner Temple), located in Huong Tich Cavern It is thought that the first temple was built on the current site of Thien Tru in the 15th century during the reign of Le Thanh Tong Over the years some of its structures which were in ruins have been restored or replaced.

Many Vietnamese works of literature, both old and modern, have made Perfume Pagoda their focus It has also provided backdrops for many famous paintings Its beauty has been used as a theme of many famous songs and a topic of lyric poetry Nowadays during its festival (from the middle of January to the middle of March on the lunar calendar), Perfume Pagoda attracts large numbers of pilgrims from all over Vietnam.

A one of the religious sites in Vietnam

B one of the greatest sight-seeing spots in Vietnam

C in the North of Vietnam

2 Pilgrims visiting Perfume Pagoda belong to _.

3 The word “It” refers to _.

B Thien Tru (Heaven Kitchen) Pagoda

4 Which statement is NOT true about Perfume Pagoda?

A Perfume Pagoda is located in Huong Son Commune, My Due District, Hanoi

B Perfume Pagoda includes Den Trinh (Presentation Shrine), Thien Tru (Heaven Kitchen) Pagoda, and the Perfume Temple.

C The centre of this complex, the Perfume Temple, also known as Chua Trong (Inner Temple), is located in Huong Tich Cavern.

D The best time to visit Perfume Pagoda is from the beginning of January to the end of March on the lunar calendar.

5 Which of the following people have NOT been likely to use Perfume Pagoda's backdrops for their famous works?

I Complete the conversation about traditional games, using the responses (A - G) given. There are two extra ones.

A Wow! So, what are the greatest attractions in Sydney

D it sounds like a good place to get higher education

E are you from around here

F I slept pretty well last night

G What do you think of Sydney

Paul: Hi, Huong! How's it going? Getting over the jet lag?

Duong: Yes, (1) _ Hey, thanks so much for showing me around today. Paul: No worries, it'll be good fun.

Paul: Me? Yes, I was born and grew up here Sydney's my hometown.

Duong: (3) _ Is it an ancient city?

Paul: No, it's not very old, but it's Australia's biggest city, and the history of our country began here.

Paul: Well, its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, and

Bondi Beach Man-made attractions such as the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney Opera House, and the Harbour Bridge are also well known to visitors.

Paul: Public transport here is convenient and reliable: you can go by bus, by train, or light rail Taxis are more expensive, of course.

Duong: And is Sydney good for shopping?

Paul: (6) _, Sydney's a metropolitan and multicultural city, so we have a great variety of things and foods from different countries I'll take you to Paddington Market later, if you like.

Duong: Wonderful What about education? Are there many universities?

Paul: Sydney has five big universities and some smaller ones The oldest of them was set up in 1850, I believe.

Duong: Oh, (7) _ I like this town!

I Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.

1 They visited the craft village, and then they bought some lacquerware as gifts for their family and friends.

2 They decided to go camping despite the heavy rain.

3 'What country do you come from?' said Bill

4 'Did you play for your school team?’ asked she.

5 "Direct to Victoria station as fast as you can I must catch the 12.50 train", she said.

6 Phong said "My parents are very proud of my good marks"

7 I've never met any more dependable person than George.

8 My mother is the most warm-hearted person I have ever known.

9 Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

10 To me, English is easier than Maths.

II Rewrite the sentences using the words given.

1 You should use a dictionary to check the meaning of new words (LOOK)

2 The doctor told my father to stop smoking (GIVE)

3 The cost of living has been increasing considerably in the past few weeks (UP)

4 Margaret Thatcher was born and spent her childhood in the town in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England (GREW)

III Write complete sentences, using the words/ phrases given in their correct forms You can add some more necessary words, but you have to use all the words given.

1 Parents/ always /expect /her/ get/ good/ grades/ and/ she/ not want/ disappoint/ them.

2 Sometimes /I / wish/ parents/ put / themselves / shoes.

3 As/ far/I / know, /Bat Trang/ be/ one/most/ famous /traditional /craft villages / Hanoi/.

4 My/ great-grandparents/ start/ it, / not/ grandparents /Then / grandparents/ take/ business.

I Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

II Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. l A control B hotel C conical D remote

I Complete each sentence with a suitable preposition.

1 Do you want to stop in this town, or shall we go _?

2 Who will look _ the children while you go out to work?

3 Please turn _ the light, it's getting dark here.

4 You can look _ the new words in the dictionary.

5 Bill seems unhappy in his job because he doesn't get _ well with his boss.

6 My father gave _ smoking two years ago.

7 What may happen if John doesn't not turn _ in time?

8 At the station, we often see the sign "Watch _ for pickpockets".

9 Their children have all grown _ and left home for the city to work.

10 We were shown _ the town by a volunteer student.

II Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

1 _ we had eaten lunch, we went to Non Nuoc marble village to buy some souvenirs.

A After B Before C By the time D While

2 This is called a Chuong conical hat _ it was made in Chuong village.

3 There is a big _ of handicrafts made by different craft villages.

4 The city has recently set _ a library in the West Suburb.

5 The last exhibition was not _ this one.

A as interesting B more interesting than

C so interesting as D interesting as

6 You should take your hat _ in the cinema.

7 Their children have all grown _ and left home for the city to work.

A up B out C out of D in

8 I was disappointed as the film was _ than I had expected.

A as entertaining B less entertaining C more entertaining D much entertaining

9 We were shown _ the town by a volunteer student.

10 The town council decided to pull _ the building, as it was unsafe.

11 She lives in one of the most _ parts of the city: there are lots of luxury shops there.

12 China is _ far most populated country in the world.

13 Air pollution has a bad influence _ the environment.

14 Before _ to the office, she has to take her children to school.

A go B going C to go D went

15 Adolescence is the period _ child and young adulthood

16 Physical changes are different for everyone, so you don't need to feel embarrassed or _.

17 I wish my parents could put themselves in my _.

18 My mother is a strong person She stays _ even in the worst situations

19 You've been a bit tense lately so you need to _ a break.

20 His father wants him to get the _ score in this exam

A high B higher C highest D as high as

III Fill each blank with the correct form of the word in brackets.

Welcome to the Complex of Hue Monuments, one of the most (1 remark) _ sites in and around Hue City!

You will certainly be (2 impression) _ with the structures of the Complex of HueMonuments which are (3 careful) _ placed within the natural setting of the site It's well worth visiting its (4 centre) _ structure, the Hue Citadel, which was an (5. admin) _ centre of southern Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries You should definitely see all the royal palaces inside the Hue Citadel, such as the Imperial Residence, the Hoang Thanh (Imperial City), etc.

The Complex of Hue Monuments is a must for all lovers of history The Complex of Hue Monuments is a remarkable example of the (6 construct) _of a complete defended capital city in the early years of the 19th century You can visit Binh Dai Fortress, a (7 defense) _ structure in the northeast, which was designed to control movement on the river If you have enough time, you should also visit Tran Hai Thanh fortress, which was constructed to (8. protection) _the capital against attacks from the sea.

Don't miss out on a visit to the Complex of Hue Monuments Its long history and (9 astound) _ structures will make your trip (10 forget) _.

IV Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it.

1 It's difficult to put up with changes in technology.

2 Six people applied for the job, but four of them were turned up.

3 Ho Chi Minh city is the most largest city in Vietnam.

4 He asked me why I hadn't gone to class yesterday.

5 Lots of Vietnamese girls like wear conical hatsand ao dai.

I Fill in the blank with a suitable word.

Venice is a beautiful (1) _ in north-eastern Italy It is called "The Floating City" as it is built (2) _117 small islands This city has (3) _ roads Instead, people use boats to (4) _ along the canals Flat-bottomed boats were once the main (5) _ of transport, but today motor boats are (6) _ popular In Venice, you can visit the famous Piazza San Marco with its world famous basilica, the lovely bridges (7) _ the narrow canals, and some of the (8) _ museums in Western Europe.

II Read the passage and circle the letter A, B, C or D before the correct answer to each question below.

In the 1960s, The Beatles were probably the most famous pop group in the whole world Since then, there have been many groups that have achieved enormous fame, so itis perhaps difficult now to imagine how sensational The Beatles were at that time They were four boys from the north ofEngland and none of them had any training in music They started by performing and recording songs by black Americans and they had some success with these songs Then they started writing their own songs and that was when they became really popular The Beatles changed pop music.They were the first pop group to achieve great success from songs they had written themselves After that it became common for groups and singers to write their own songs The Beatles did not have a long career Their first hit record was in 1963 and they split up in 1970 They stopped doing live performances in 1966 because it had become too dangerous for them - their fans were so excited that they surrounded them and tried to take their clothes as souvenirs! However, today some of their songs remain as famous as they were when they first came out Throughout the world many people can sing part of a Beatles song if you ask them.

1 The passage is mainly about _.

A how the Beatles became more successful than other groups

B why the Beatles split up after 7 years

C the Beatles' fame and success

D many people's ability to sing a Beatles song

2 The boys of The Beatles _.

A came from the same family B came from the south of England

C wrote their own songs D received good training in music

3 The word "sensational" is closest in meaning to _.

4 The first songs of the Beatles were _.

A written by themselves C paid a lot of money

B broadcast on the radio D written by black Americans

5 What is not true about the Beatles?

A The members had no training in music

B They had a long stable career

C They became famous when they wrote their own songs

D They were afraid of being hurt by fans

6 The Beatles stopped their live performances because _.

A they had earned enough money

B they did not want to work with each other

C they spent more time writing their own songs

D they were afraid of being hurt by fans.

7 The year 1970 was the time when _.

A they split up C they started their career

B they changed pop music D they stopped doing live performances

8 What the fans of the Beatles often did was _.

A sing together with them B ask them to write more songs

C take their clothes as souvenirs D ask them why they should separate

9 Some songs of the Beatles now _.

A are still famous as they used to be B became too old tossing

C are sung by crazy fans D are the most famous

10 The tone of the passage is that of _.

III Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.

Bill Gates is the co-founder of Microsoft, the world's (1) _ PC software company.

He is (2) _ the richest people in the world Bill Gates' interest in computers started (3) _ he was a teenager After high school, he was accepted to several top colleges in the USA: Harvard, Yale, and Princeton He (4) _to go to Harvard to study law At Harvard, he focused more (5) _ his interest in computers than on coursework He often relaxed by playing video games in Harvard's computer lab He left Harvard before graduating

(6) _ he wanted to open a software company with his friend Paul Allen However, he later said, "I don't think dropping (7) _ is a good idea." In 2007, he received an honorary (8) _from Harvard He began his speech by saying this to his father in the audience "I've been waiting (9) _ than 30 years to say this: Dad, I always told you I'd come back and get my degree." Bill Gates is no longer working full time for Microsoft He is now, with his wife, (10) _The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation which aims to improve healthcare, reduce poverty, and promote education around the world.

1 A largest B larger C large D more large

6 A because B therefore C so D so that

I Complete the second sentences in each pair so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentences.

1 This exhibition is much more interesting than the last one.

 The last exhibition was not

2 The teacher says that no student in the school is noisier than I am.

3 I think Vung Tau City is the most 'liveable' city in Vietnam.

4 Have you finished your homework, son?"

 The father wanted to know _

5 "Are you doing your homework?

6 "Who is coming on the excursion tomorrow?" he asked.

7 Although he has a very important job, he isn't particularly well-paid.

8 Although I was very tired, I didn't sleep.

9 Although the salary was low, he accepted the job.

10 Because of not studying hard, he failed the entrance exam.

II Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence Write no more than five words in each gap.

1 I have visited the Stone Forest once before (SECOND)

 This is the _ the Stone Forest.

2 I find it hard to go at the same speed as my brother on walking holidays (UP)

 I find it hard to my brother on walking holidays.

3 Dzung is very fond of travelling and has been everywhere (KEEN)

 Dzung is and has been everywhere.

III Write complete sentences, using the words/ phrases given in their correct forms You can add some more necessary words, but you have to use all the words given.

1 When / you /think/ conical hat / first / thing / you/ think/ be/ region / Hue/.

2 Public / transport / here / be / convenient / reliable, / taxis / be/ expensive.

3 She / say / she / be/too / tired / not want/ go out/.

4 Doctor / ask / him / he / sleep/ least / eight / hour/ day/.

LIFE IN THE PAST

Words Transcription Meaning Examples act out (v) /ổktaʊt / Diễn, đúng vai Children would like to act out the stories as they tell them. arctic (a) /ˈɑːktɪk/ Bắc cực The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. barefooted (a) /ˈbeəfʊt/ Chân đất I love being barefooted on the beach and feeling the sand under my feet. behave (v) /bɪˈheɪv/ Cư xử Although he behaved badly, I helped him. dogsled (n) /ˈdɒɡsled/ Xe chó kéo Dogsled racing is a winter dog sport most popular in the Arctic regions of the United States. domed (a) /dəʊmd/ Hình vòm She lives in a domed house with a front garden. eat out (v) /iːt aʊt/ Ăn ngoài Rarely did I eat out when I was a student because I was almost always broke. face to face /feis tu: feis/ Mặt đối mặt Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communications, such as letters, email, or telephone calls. facility (n) /fəˈsɪləti/ Phương tiện, thiết bị The hotel offers an exceptional sporting facility, including a 50-metre swimming pool. igloo (n) /ˈɪɡluː/ Lều tuyết Eskimos make fires inside the igloo and the snow keeps the heat in. illiterate (a) /ɪˈlɪtərət/ Mù chữ Quite a large number of ethnic people in the mountains are still illiterate They can't read or write. street vendor(n) /striːt ˈvendə:/ Người bán hàng rong I prefer eating from street vendors to having meals at a restaurant.

Words Related words Transcription Meaning imagine (v) imagination (n) /ɪˌmổdʒɪˈneɪʃn/ Trớ tưởng tượng imaginary (a) /ɪˈmổdʒɪnəri/ khụng cú thực, ảo imaginable (a) /ɪˈmổdʒɪnəbl/ cú thể tưởng tượng được imaginative (a) /ɪˈmổdʒɪnətɪv/ Giàu trớ tưởng tượng graduate (v) graduate (n) /ˈɡrổdʒuət/ Người tốt nghiệp graduation (n) /ˌɡrổdʒuˈeɪʃn/ Sự tốt nghiệp punish (v) punishment (n) /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ Sự trừng phạt tradition (n) traditional (a) /trəˈdɪʃənl/ Thuộc về truyền thống traditionally (adv) /trəˈdɪʃənəli/ Một cách truyền thống enter (v) entrance (n) /ˈentrəns/ Sự đi vào, lối vào child (n) children (n) /ˈtʃɪldrən/ Những đứa trẻ childhood(n) /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ Thời ấu thơ childless (a) /ˈtʃaɪldləs/ Vô sinh childlike (a) /ˈtʃaɪldlaɪk/ Ngây thơ, thật thà childish (a) /ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ/ Ngây ngô, như trẻ con convenience (n) convenient (a) /kənˈviːniənt/ Thuận tiện inconvenient (a) /ˌɪnkənˈviːniənt/ Bất tiện attend (v) attendance (n) /əˈtendəns/ Sự tham gia, sự tham dự attendant (n) /əˈtendənt/ người phục vụ; người hầu attendant (a) /əˈtendənt/ tham dự; có mặt, đi theo

1 Used to do something: Chỉ một thói quen, một hành động thuòng xuyên xảy ra trong quá khứ và bây giờ không còn nữa. a Câu khẳng định

Chủ ngữ + used to + động từ nguyên mẫu

Ví dụ: I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago. b Câu phủ định và nghi vấn

Chủ ngữ + didn't + use to + động từ nguyên mẫu

Ví dụ: She didn t use to drink milk when she was young.

Did + chủ ngữ + use to + động từ nguyên mẫu?

Ví dụ: Did he use to live here?

* Phân biệt giữa USED TO, BE/GET USED TO, BE USED FOR

* Used to do something: Đã từng làm việc gì trong quá khứ mà nay không làm nữa Đây là mẫu câu chỉ sử dụng ở thời quá khứ.

Ví dụ: I used to get up early in the morning when I was a student (But I don't get up early now).

* Be/ get used to something/doing something: (trở nên/dần) quen với Mẫu câu này có thể sử dụng ở thời quá khứ, hiện tại hoặc tương lai Trong cấu trúc này, used là 1 tính từ và to là 1 giới từ.

Ví dụ: - I am used to getting up early in the morning.

- He didn't complain about the noise next door He was used to it

- I am not used to the new system in the factory yet.

* Hình thức bị động của động từ "be used" được dùng trong câu bị động mang nghĩa để làm gì:

Be used to + V = Be used for + Ving

Ví dụ: Money is used to buy and sell goods.

Or: Money is used for buying and selling goods.

2 Wish dùng trong hiện tại: Để diễn đạt một ước muốn không thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại.

S+ (wish) + S + thì quá khứ đơn

I wish I knew the answer to this question

(At present, I don't know the answer).

I wish I didn't have so much work to do

(I do have a lot of work to do).

I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

II Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

I Supply the correct forms of the words given in bold complete the sentences.

1 You have to use your _when you read the story (IMAGINE)

2 High school students used to take the high school _ examinations.

3 I think corporal _ is how prohibited in schools (PUNISH)

4 All of us were surprised by his strange _ at the party (BEHAVE)

5 At present, students at the school take part in some 50 to 60 _ games spread over the week (TRADITION)

6 The former university _exam with two sessions used to last oneweek (ENTER)

7 The photo brought back many happy memories of my _ (CHILD)

8 I think riding a bicycle is _, especially when it rains (CONVENIENCE)

9 The image of an old lady with the traditional ao dai on a rickshaw on her way back from market is still so _for Vietnamese people (MEAN)

10 Tom says he can't put up with Mary's _ any longer (ATTEND)

II Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

1 I wish he _to me more often.

A writes B wrote C have written D is writing

2 A postman comes once a day to _ from the post box.

3 I wish he _ more time now to help you with your lesson

A have B had C would have D had had

4 People in Bac Ninh province believe that if the tug-of-war team facing the east wins, it will bring bumper crops and good luck, and that the situation will be just the _ if the team facing the west wins.

5 "He has to work 12 hours every day".

C I can't imagine that D I wish I could go back to that time.

6 Traditional games _as an effective but simple educational method of centuries.

A were used B used to uesd C had used D have been used.

7 Money _ buying or selling goods.

A use B is used to C is used for D used to

8 We all _ it were the weekend tomorrow

9 The English men are not used _ on the right hand side of the used street.

A to drive B to driving C for driving D drive

10 The folk _of top spinning still attracts city children despite the popularity of modern games such as bowling, skateboarding, billiards and video games.

11 Eating from _ is a popular habit of people in big cities in Viet Nam.

A street vendors B libraries C canteens D shops

12 Viet Nam's tug-of-war game was also _ as a UNESCO cultural intangible heritage of humanity in December 2015.

13 I am accustomed to doing morning exercises.

A used to do B being used to do C using to do D used to doing

14 Raising roosters for cockfighting _ heavy investments in time and labour.

15 Minh wishes he _ English perfectly well.

A spoke B speaks C is speaking D has spoken

III Complete the sentences with suitable words from the box. marriage; swim; think; travel; quit; make; wealthy; move; put; walk

1 Thirty years ago, only _ people in the city had the television.

2 In my grandfather's youth, people didn't use to _ by car They rode horses.

3 I used to _ to school, but two weeks ago I got bike so now I ride it every day.

4 My grandparents'family used to _ to a limestone cave in the mountainous area to escape American bombers.

5 My sister didn't use to _ when we go to the beach because she was afraid of water.

6 We used to _ of our home village when we lived overseas.

7 Primary children used to _ small porcelain inkpots in the corners of used to their wooden table.

8 She said that in her village _ used to be arranged by parents.

9 Mr Vinh used to _ teaching materials in the evening.

10 Many students in Binh Phuoc province used to _ school because their families were so poor.

I Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the given words in the box. significant; education; appliances; used to be; tools; vacuum; taken; place; means; provided; past

Over the last century, there have been many (1) _changes in the way we live. Obviously it is hard to compare the life of the ancient people and the life of the people of the twenty first century because so many changes have occurred However, even the changes that have (2) _ over the last ten years are amazing.

To start with, people were not able to travel such long distances in such short period of time The planes were not that popular then because they (3) _a very expensive (4) of transport Nowadays, we have become very mobile We have fast and comfortable cars and more and more people also travels by plane Moreover, in the past people had to work much harder as they did not have (5) _which made their work easier Today, most of the difficult and dangerous work is done by computers and other machines In the past the conditions of living were not as comfortable as they are now There were not bathrooms and running water in many houses, besides many people could not afford household (6) like fridge, TV set or (7) _cleaner because they used to be luxurious goods Another difference between living now and in the past is the fact that nowadays the access to (8) _ is much easier In the past, there were fewer schools and the quality of the education they (9) _was much poorer Besides, nowadays it is much easier to find the educational materials that you need thanks to the Internet Another difference is that in the (10) _there were not that many sources of entertainment Therefore, people used to spend more time with their friends.

II Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO?

A hundred years ago people all over the world lived very differently from how they live now. Let's look at some ways in which daily life has changed enormously since then.

Washing: Ahundred years ago, washing clothes was much more (1) _and time- consuming because people didn't (2) _washing machines In most parts of Britain, for example, there was no running water and people washed their clothes in huge (3) of boiling water They often collected this water from a public tap in the village and then (4) it on a wood fire in the kitchen To wash all the family's clothes, they used about sixty buckets of water a week Keeping clean was not a priority as it is now And most people had a bath only once or twice a month, also using the tub in the kitchen.

Keeping cool: Keeping cool was a priority, however - especially for people in hot countries.Nowadays, we have air conditioning to keep our houses cool but then, no modern air conditioning

(5) _ In some places, like Spain and Turkey, people lived in houses which were partly caves: large holes cut in the rock in the (6) _of a mountain The air in these 'caves- houses' was always cool and pleasant (7) _houses often had high ceilings and large windows And houses in the Middle East sometimes had 'wind towers' which helped to keep the air moving in the house.

Entertainment: The most popular entertainment in the home nowadays (8) _TVs and computers In Japan, for example, young people spend an average of two and a half hours watching TV or playing computer games every day This is a dramatic (9) _from a hundred years ago Then, Japanese young people often spent time doing origami (a special kind of art with paper) or practicing calligraphy (a special kind of artistic handwriting) It was also traditional for the whole family to get (10) _ every evening to talk and have tea. Sometimes these sessions included the children doing performances of music or drama for the other family members to enjoy.

10 A each other B individually C together D privately

III Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

For formal ceremonies, men would have two additional items, a long gown with slits on either side, and a turban, usually in black or brown made of cotton or silk In feudal times, there were strict dress codes Ordinary people were not allowed to wear clothes with dyes rather than black, brown or white Costumes in yellow were reserved for the King Those in purple and red were reserved for high ranking court officials, while dresses in blue were exclusively worn by petty court officials. Men's dress has gradually changed along with social development.

The traditional set of a long gown and turban gave way to modem-looking suits, while business shirts and trousers have replaced traditional long-sleeved shirts and wide trousers Traditional costumes still exist and efforts are increasingly being made to restore traditional festivals and entertainment which incorporate traditional costumes.

For women, the outer garment is a special silk gown called an "ao tu than" which is brown or light brown in colour with four slits divided equally on its lower section The second layer is a pink the chest unfastened so that it forms a shaped collar This allows her to show the different colours on the upper part of the three gowns Today, on formal occasions women wear "ao dai".

A replace traditional suits by business ones

2 In the past, the colour was used to represent _.

A the rank in the society

B the difference between men and women

3 The word "gown" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.

A a long piece of clothing worn by judges

B a piece of clothing that is worn over other clothes to protect them

C a long dress worn on formal occasions

D a woman's dress, especially a long one

4 In the past, for formal ceremonies men wore _.

A costumes made of red cotton or silk

B dresses in blue as petty court officials

C costumes in purple or yellow not like the King

D a long gown and a turban in black or brown

5 All of the following are true about women's traditional costumes EXCEPT that _.

A we can see a shaped collar in the front

B the two inner gowns cannot be seen

C the outer gown has four equal parts on its lower section

D the gowns have different colours on the upper part

I Complete the conversation about traditional games, using the given responses (A-G) There are two extra ones.

B your grandfather used to make one for me.

C did you get to know about world outside?

D.what did you use to do for entertainment?

E Sometimes I wish I could go back to that time.

F I wish there were movie teams like that.

G A mobile movie team used to come once every two months,

Father: This is a present for you, son.

Huyen My: A kite! How cool! Thank you, dad.

Father: I made it for you, just like (1) _.

Huyen My: Is it a family tradition?

Huyen My: I love it So when you were a kid, (2) _.

Father: Oh, it was all very simple back then We didn't have television or the Internet.

(3) and every one from the village would be there The children were always early, trying to get a place near the screen.

Huyen My: I suppose it was a special occasion, wasn't it?

Father: Yeah, it was a lot of fun.

Father: We had the radio; actually, only wealthy people did The whole vil lage used to listen to the news programme through loudspeaker.

Father: I know The world's changed a lot, see much easier now.

Huyen My: Do you miss the past, dad?

I Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences Use the word given and other words as necessary Do not change the form of the given word.

1 He had a lot of money, but now he doesn't.

2 The boys want to win the football match.

3 Did you always eat sweets when you were small?

4 She dreams to spend her vacation in Ha Long Bay.

5 They didn't use to drink coffee when we lived in Japan.

6 The school authorities can't set holidays based on local weather conditions.

7 That university often doesn't attract enough enrolments for the new school year.

8 We can't study the books written by famous scholars in the Ly and Tran dynasties because Chinese Ming aggressors took them to China.

9 Many small children don't learn to swim so they often suffer from drowning.

10 Many graduates from college don't have enough skills to meet the requirements of their jobs.

II Write complete sentences, using the words/ phrases given in their correct forms You can add some more necessary words, but you have to use all the words given.

1 My brother/ used/ play football/ but an injure/ stop him/ playing.

2 Mr Lam/ not use/ watch/ him television/ morning He/do it/ evening.

3 David/ be a good climber/ his youth He/use to/ climb very high mountains.

4 My parents/ not use/ buy me expensive toys/ we/ be not rich.

5 We/ use to/ shop/ town market We/ bought fish, fruit/ vegetables.

6 Traditional library/ function/ storage/ preservation/ physical items/ particularly books/ periodicals.

7 Books/ shelves/ divided/ based/ subjects/ and/ readers/ travel/ library/ borrow books.

8 For/ digital library/ readers/ get/ access/ materials/ house/ Internet.

9 Readers/ browse/ materials/ based/ hyperlinks/ or keywords.

10 With/ digital library/ we/ read/ all the books/ which/ published/ world.

I Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

II Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

1 Huyen My _ a teedy bear, but she doesn't have one now.

A used to have B used to having C was use to having D was used to have

A used to be B is used to being C was used to be D got used to being

3 Despite changes brought on by industrialization and modernization, shoulder poles the main carries of 80 percent of the rural population.

4 They _go on holiday when they lived in the countryside.

A not use to B weren't use to C didn't use to D hadn't used to

5 Many people in our village are still _ They can't read or write.

6 We like playing tug-of-war and cat and mouse game _because playing these games with the friends is _.

A the most - funny B almost – funny C almost - fun D the most - fun

7 Traditional games _ an important role in children's intellectual life.

8 He usually _himself by playing hike and seek or flying kites

9 Miss Diep is in the _of writing in her dairy every day.

10 Although spinning tops are among the simplest of toys, children _it one of the most vivid and exciting games.

11 Women have walked dozens of kilometres to market _twenty- or thirty-kilogram loads in shoulder poles for generations.

A to carry B to be carried C carrying D carry

12 The little girl started to _each part of the story.

A go out B act out C play out D cry out.

13 How cool!" is used to express _.

A an agreement B a wish C a surprise D an appreciation.

14 In the past, white or violet ao dai _ by Vietnamese female student as their uniforms.

A would be wear B wore C used to wear D was worn

15 Lan wishes there _a smart board in her classroom.

A was B were C is D had been

16 Furthermore, traditional _help to develop their senses, memory, thoughts, imagination, linguistic capacity and basic concepts about the national culture.

17 Whenever _Vietnamese village festivals, you will have a chance to watch a traditional game - human chess - which is the favourite to a great deal of Vietnamese people.

A taking part B participating C taking place D taking part in

18 Working as street vendors has created countless jobs, and it has become _in Ha Noi.

A part of life B parts of life C part of life D life parts

19 Cyclo, a sort of tricycle rickshaw, the most popular means of transport in Viet Nam in the past.

A used to be B would be C was D used to

20 They wish LCD projectors _ will expensive.

A were not B haven't been C are not D hadn't been

III Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.

I moved to Hanoi three months ago from the United States and each day is still a new adventure (1) special moments and lessons.

The streets of this bustling city with its intoxicating sights, smells and sounds create a pecfect recipe for a change in (2) _for newcomers to Hanoi.

The outdoor markets are the pulse of Hanoi, providing a riveting shopping experience as well as a look into the traditional Vietnamese lifestyle The women who run the meat, vegetable, and fruit stands are experts at (3) _customers to buy their goods.

WONDERS OF VIETNAM

Words Transcription Meaning Examples administrative

(a) /ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv/ hành chính This software claims to reduce administrative costs. astounding (a) /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/ làm sững sờ There was an astounding 20% increase in sales. cavern (n) /ˈkổvən/ động The underground cavern was formed where water used to flow. citadel (n) /ˈsɪtədəl/ thành trì After the Mongol invasion of 1241, a citadel was built on the hills opposite the city. complex (n) /ˈkɒmpleks/ khu liên hợp The office complex has an on site nursery. contestant (n) /kənˈtestənt/ thí sinh Please welcome our next contestant. fortress (n) /ˈfɔːtrəs/ pháo đài The fortress fell after a nirie- day siege. geological (a) /ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ địa chất the complex geological structure of the region limestone (n) /ˈlaɪmstəʊn/ đá vôi Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms. measure (n) /ˈmeʒə(r)/ biện pháp The government has taken strict measures against contraband. paradise (n) /ˈpổrədaɪs/ thiờn đường They all expected to go to paradise. picturesque (a) /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/ đẹp a pictuesque description of life at sea recognition (n) /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ công nhận He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition rickshaw (n) /ˈrɪkʃɔː/ xích lô The rickshaw is pulled by somebody walking or riding a bicycle. round (n) /raʊnd/ hiệp It was a fight of ten rounds sculpture (n) /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ bức tượng She creates sculptures out of scrap materials. setting (n) /ˈsetɪŋ/ khung cảnh It was the perfect setting for a wonderful Christmas. spectacular (a) /spekˈtổkjələ(r)/ ngoạn mục The waterfall is truly spectacular structure (n) /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ công trình The company has a complex organizational structure tomb (n) /tuːm/ ngôi mộ When they opened up the tomb, they found treasure beyond their wildest dreams.

Words Related words Transcription Meaning administrate (v) administration (n) /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/ quản lý administrative (a) /ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv/ quản trị administrator (n) /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə(r)/ quản trị viên astound (v) astounding (a) /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/ gây sửng sốt astounded (a) /əˈstaʊndɪd/ sửng sốt astoundingly (adv) /əˈstaʊndɪŋli/ một cách sửng sốt geology (n) geologic(al) (a) /ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪk(l)/ địa chất geologist (n) /dʒiˈɒlədʒɪst/ nhà địa chất picture (n) picturesque (a) /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/ đẹp như tranh recognise (n) recognition (n) /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ công nhận recognisable (a) /ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl/ có thể nhận ra spectacle (n) spectacular (a) /spekˈtổkjələ(r)/ đẹp mắt, ngoạn mục

1 Thể bị động (Passive voice)

1.1 Câu bị động được sử dụng khi:

- Không biết người thực hiện hành động là ai.

The money has been stolen

- Không muốn nhắc đến người thực hiện hành động, tập chung nói về chính hành động.

The loom is being decorated

- Nhấn mạnh tân ngữ (đối tượng tiếp nhận hành động).

The building has been built.

- Thể hiện tính lịch sự, khách quan.

I was informed that you have gone home.

1.2 Cách thành lập câu bị động

- Xác định chủ ngữ, động từ, tân ngữ, thì của dộng từ trong câu chủ dộng.

- Chuyển tân ngữ câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ câu bị động.

- Chia "be" trong câu bị động cùng thì với động từ trong câu chủ dộng.

- Chuyển động từ chính sang dạng quá khứ phân từ (past participle)

John did the exercises  The exercises were done by John.

The decorator is painting my room  My room is being painted by the decorator.

1.3 Các thì khi chuyển sang bị dộng

Hiện tại đơn do/does am/is/are done

Quá khứ đơn did was/were done

Tương lai đơn will do will be done

Hiện tại tiếp diễn am/is/are doing am/is/are being done

Quá khứ tiếp diễn was/were doing was/were being done

Tương lai tiếp diễn will be doing will be being done

Hiện tại hoàn thành have/has done have/has been done

Quá khứ hoàn thành had done had been done

Tương lai hoàn thành will have done will have been done

Các cấu trúc khác be going to do be going to be done have to do have to be done used to do used to be done can do can be done avoid doing avoid being done not mind doing not mind being done

1.4 Cấu trúc bị động đặc biệt

* Cấu trúc bị động trong câu trần thuật: Thường được dùng khi không muốn nhắc đến người nói là ai.

Active: People say that he is rich.

Passive 1: It is said that he is rich.

Passive 2: He is said to be rich.

Các động từ thường được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này: believe, expect, find, know, report, say, think, understand.

Ví dụ: - It has been agreed that changes to the scheme are necessary.

- It was reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.

- Henry is said to be in love with Claire.

- The team was expected to win.

- The company is thought to be planning a new advertising campaign.

* Câu truyền khiến: Nhờ ai đó làm việc gì

Have/get + something + done Have + somebody + do something Get + somebody + to do something

- You should have your car serviced regularly.

- We must have another key made = We must get another key made.

* Câu chủ động với nghĩa bị động với "need": Cấu trúc này chỉ sử dụng khi chủ ngữ là một vật gì đó.

The windows need cleaning = The windows need to be cleaned.

- Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động có thể đứng sau giới từ "by" trong câu bị động.

My mother cleaned the room  The room was cleaned by my mother.

- Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là đối tượng không xác định hoặc hiển nhiên đối với người nghe, người đọc như people, they, somebody, someone thì được lược bỏ trong câu bị động.

Someone has stolen his car  His car has been stolen.

The postman delivered the mail  The mail was delivered.

- Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là "no one" hoặc "nobody" thì câu bị động ở thể phủ định.

No one turned on the light  The light was not turned on.

- Câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ thì cả 2 tân ngữ đó đều có thể làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.

Ví dụ: They have sent us a note.

 Wc have been sent a note.

Hoặc:  A note has been sent to US.

- Các thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Perfect Continuous Tenses) thường không có dạng bị động.

1.6 Cấu trúc với "suggest": Dùng để đưa ra gợi ý, lời khuyên ai đó nên làm gì.

- Her husband suggests going abroad for the honeymoon.

- I suggest that we should go out to eat.

- The professor suggested that the students should read a number of books before the exam.

I Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

II Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

I Give the correct form of the word in CAPITALS to complete each of the following sentences.

1 Many more tourists have visited Ha Long Bay since UNESCO's _ of this beautiful spot (RECOGNISE)

2 Bai Dinh Pagoda is a _site which is located in Ninh Binh province (RELIGION)

3 May I have a about the trip to Cue Phuong National Park next week?

4 My most _experience was my trip to Hoi An in the summer of 2015 (FORGET)

5 We got a lot of _ from our holiday in Da Nang last year (ENJOY)

6 There are many sculptures along the _to the main temple (ENTER)

7 Protecting natural wonders brings both social and _benefits (FINANCE)

8 Phong Nha - Ke Bang can be compared to a precious _museum (GEOLOGY)

9 The show features six _ from different parts of the country (CONTEST)

10 Chua Keo (in Thai Binh province) is a _ pagoda which was built about 400 years ago (WOOD)

II Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

A has not be known B had not been known

C had not be known D have not been known

2 It _ that learning English is easy.

A are said B said C is said D is sayed

A were not mislead B were not misleaded C was not misled D were not misled

A are well feeded B are well fed C is well fed D is well feeded

5 Peter and Tom _ in an accident yesterday.

A is hurt B is hurted C were hurt D were hurted

6 South Florida and Hawaii _by a hurricane.

A is hit B have been hit C have are hit for D has been hit

A had be fought B had been fighted C had been fought D has been fought

8 We can't go along here because the road _

A is repairing B is repaired C is being repaired D repairs

9 The story I've just read _ Agatha Christie.

A was written B was written by C was written from D wrote by

10 I'm going to go out and _.

A have my hair cut B have cut my hair C cut my hair D my hair be cut

11 Something funny _in the class yesterday.

A happened B was happened C happens D is happened

12 Many US automobiles _ in Detroit, Michigan.

A manufacture B have manufactured C are manufactured D are manufacturing

13 A lot of pesticide residue can _ in unwashed produce.

A find B found C be finding D be found

14 We _ by a loud noise during the night.

A woke up B are woken up C were woken up D were waking up

15 Some film stars _difficult to work with.

A are said to be B are said be C say to be D said to be

A frozen B is frozen C was frozen D vvere frozen

A had be overheard B had been overheard

C had been overheared D would had been overheard

A were forbidden B is forbidden C is forbidded D are forbidden

A are going to be forgotten B is going to be forgotten

C is going to be forgot D were going to be forgotten

A have not been given the money B have not given the money

C have not been give the money D have not be given the money

III Change these sentences into the passive voice.

1 The German didn't build this factory during the Second World War.

2 The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.

3 Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.

4 The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.

5 Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?

6 Some people will interview the new president on TV.

7 They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her.

8 The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.

9 He told me that his football team had played well last season.

10 They told me that you were the best architect in this city.

I Match the names of some wonders of Viet Nam with their descriptions Write the answer in each blank.

The vast network was used effectively during the Vietnam War for soldiers to live and store weapon Today they are major tourist attraction for Saigon visitors.

The seven-story pagoda dates back to 1605 It belongs to a complex, which also has shrines and gardens The religious site overlooks the Perfume River.

It is the world's biggest cave and wasn't discovered until 2009 A 40-story building could fit into its tallest room There are controversial plans to construct a cable car system through this natural wonder.

It is one of the oldest pagodas in Vietnam Standing at one end of Thanh Nien Road, one can see the towers of the pagoda rising above the lake s surface.

Nearly 2,000 limestone islands and islets push up from the bay, creating a fascinating natural wonder.

It was the seat of Vietnam's last dynasty from 1802 to 1945

This central Vietnam town is best known for its silk lanterns that colourfully glow at night, and for the picturesque old buildings lining the rover It used to be a busy international trading port.

This remote northern mountainous region of Vietnam boasts photogenic rice terraces as well as ethnic tribes.

II Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.

Da Lat lies on Lam Vien plateau, in the Central Highland province of Lam Dong, 300 kilometres north of Ho Chi Minh City Da Lat is a well-known city (1) _all the people who have been there once Da Lat is known (2) _is described as a forest of flowers with (3) _colours and various species Flowers can be found (4) _and in any season We can see flowers in Da Lat in the parks, (5) _of the houses, in the gardens etc Da Lat has the widest range of orchid varieties in the country Da Lat has (6) _rivers and canals but it has many picturesque waterfalls It takes tourists several days (7) _all the waterfalls in the area The famous Cam Ly Falls is only 3 kilometres (8) _the town centre The Prenn Falls is 10 kilometres in the south of Da Lat The water (9) _down like a white shade Da Lat people are very (10) _of it They always boast to tourists about it in the first place Around the Prenn Falls is the valley of various flowers and pine hills.

5 A behind B in front C opposite D next to

7 A visit B visiting C to visit D visited

III Read the passage, and fill in the blank with the suitable word Use the words in the box. its; among; which; unforgettable; not; been; most; recognised; completion; and

HA LONG BAY: ONE OF THE GREATEST NATURAL WONDERS

There is a saying that if you have not visited Ha Long Bay, you have not yet (1) _to Viet Nam On the other hand, we can say that if you have not visited Ha Long bay, you have not yet seen the (2) _beautiful place in the world It takes us around 4 hours by bus to travel 180 km from Hanoi towards the northeast to Ha Long Bay.

Ha Long Bay has been twice (3) _by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1994 and in 2000, and also that Ha Long Bay is in the second place on the worldwide(4) _of the World's Seven Natural Wonders 1,969 limestone islands of various shapes,sizes and in different green (5) _amazing colours rise above the sea level in an area of more than 1,500 square kilometres that creates this world heritage site Ha Long Bay still keeps(6) _ historical and cultural values.

Ha Long Bay is attractive and beautiful throughout the four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter Traveling on small sailboats (7) _hundreds of limestone islands, one may visit the amazing Surprise cave, the floating fishing village, and see how the locals live, (8) _ are top of the list of things to do here On Titop Island, one may swim and relax on the beach or enjoy a kayaking programme to the nearby Luon Cave and much more.

The experience ot visiting Ha Long Bay is (9) _, where you will see something that will stay in your mind and eyes for years You will enjoy meeting Vietnamese people and tasting their delicious food You will have fresh air all day and night, especially if you wake up early in the morning and watch the sun rise on the deck coming slowly through the islands Be sure (10) _to miss visiting Ha Long Bay in your lifetime.

I Reorder the sentences to complete the dialogue. a Veronica: Great, thanks What's the best way get around? b Veronica: Yes, that's what I've heard So, what else is worth seeing? c Mi: Yes, I have Three times, actually It's an amazing place.

How are you getting there? d Veronica: Guess what? I'm going to Hue City next week. e Veronica: That sounds better And do you know any good places to stay in Hue City? f Mi: I'd recommend the Romance Hotel I can give you the address if you like. g Mi: That's great! Are you excited? h Veronica: My father suggests we should go by air. i Mi: It's probably best to use rickshaws It's said that they're quicker and cheaper than taxis. j Veronica: Very! You've been there, haven't you? k Mi: Er no, don't bother going to the museums There are much better thing; to see there.

You should definitely see the Royal Citadel It's said that this complex of monuments is one of the wonders of Vietnam In fact, it's listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. l Mi: That's too expensive! I suggest going by train You can meet people and see a lot of beautiful sights from the train. m Veronica: Hmm, that's good to know So, what are the things we shouldn't miss - any good museums?

1 I went to see it because I/ tell/ it was a good film/ all my friends.

2 This photograph/ take/ my grandfather.

3 It looked like the window/ break/ a harmer/ sometime before.

4 Our dog/ give/ an injection/ a special syringe/ the vet.

5 The winning goal in last night's match/ score/ Donatello/ a brilliant free kick.

6 Your check/ send/ last Friday and/ should/ deliver/ to you tomorrow.

7 Our car/ service/ a mechanic/ at the moment.

8 A man/shoot/ an air gun/ outside the petrol station last night.

10 At the surgery yesterday, 1/ examine/ Dr Peterson/ and I give/ a prescription.

II Use the words or phrases below to make complete sentences Add more words, if necessary.

UNESCO World Heritage Site in Hue

1 The Complex of Hue Monuments/ be a UNESCO World Heritage Site/ is located in the city of

2 Hue/ founded as the Vietnam capital city by Gia Long, the first king/ the Nguyen Dynasty in

1802 It/ held this position for thirteen Nguyen kings until 1945.

VIETNAM: THEN AND NOW

Words Transcription Meaning Examples annoyed (a) /əˈnɔɪd/ Bực mình, khó chịu He's really annoyed with me for leaving without him. astonished (a) /əˈstɒnɪʃt/ kinh ngạc The doctors were astonished at the speed of her recovery. boom (n) /buːm/ Bùng nổ This year has seen a boom in my in book sales. compartment (n) /kəmˈpɑːtmənt Toa xe Many comfortable facilities are provided in first-class compartments clanging (n) /klổŋ/ Tiếng leng keng The clanging of the bike bell woke the baby up. cooperative (a) /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/ Hợp tác I asked them to turn down their music, but they're not being very cooperative elevated walkway (n) /ˈelɪveɪtɪd ˈwɔːkweɪ / Lối đi dành cho người đi bộ

Elevated walkways are much safer for pedestrians than pavements. exporter (n) /ekˈspɔːtə(r)/ Nước xuất khẩu, người xuất khẩu

Japan is a major exporter of acars. extended family

(n) /ɪkˈstendɪd ˈfổməli/ Gia đỡnh nhiều thế hệ cùng chung sống

I live in an extended family, which includes my grandparents, my parents and many of my relatives. flyover(n) /ˈflaɪəʊvə(r)/ Cầu vượt In Hanoi, many flyovers have been built to solve the problem of traffic congestions at intersections. manual (a) /ˈmổnjuəl/ Làm (gỡ đú) bằng tay He still works on an old manual typewriter. mushroom (v) /ˈmʌʃrʊm/ Mọc lên như nấm The number of skyscrapers in big cities has mushroomed in the past few years. noticeable (a) /ˈnəʊtɪsəbl/ Gây chú ý, đáng chú ý Plant growth is most noticeable in spring and early summer. nuclear family

(n) /ˈnjuːkliə(r) ˈfổməli/ Gia đỡnh hạt nhân I prefer living in a nuclear family to an extended family because I like privacy.

(n) /ˈfəʊtəʊ ˌeksɪ ˈbɪʃn/ Triển lãm ảnh There will be a photo exhibition where many photos of nature will be on display. pedestrian (n) /pəˈdestriən/ Người đi bộ Some ancient Hanoi streets are for pedestrians only.

Roof (n) /ruːf/ Mái nhà Most of the houses in my village have tiled roofs rubber (n) /ˈrʌbə(r)/ Cao su Most tyres are made of rubber sandals (n) /ˈsổndl/ Dộp, xăng đan For informal gathering, you can wear a pair of sandals instead of high-heeled shoes. thatched house

(n) /θổtʃt haʊs/ Nhà tranh mỏi lá Thatched houses used to be very common in the village 50 years ago. tiled (a) /taɪl/ Bằng ngói, lợp ngói Most of the houses in my village have tiled roofs. tram (n) /trổm/ Tàu điện, xe điện Trams are environment - friendly vehicles because they run on electricity. trench (n) /trentʃ/ Hào giao thông A workman was killed when the sides of the trench he as working in collapsed. tunnel (n) /ˈtʌnl/ Đường hầm, cống ngầm The road goes over the mountains, not through a tunnel

Underpass /ˈʌndəpɑːs/ Đường hầm cho người đi bộ qua đường

By using underpasses, people can cross busy roads safely.

Words Related words Transcription Meaning annoyed (a) annoy (v) /əˈnɔɪ/ gây khó chịu annoying (a) /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/ khó chịu annoyance (n) /əˈnɔɪəns/ Sự khó chịu astonished (a) astonish (v) /əˈstɒnɪʃ/ làm ngạc nhiên astonishing (a) /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ ngạc nhiên astonishment (n) /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/ sự ngạc nhiên cooperative (a) cooperate (v) /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ hợp tác cooperation (n) /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ sự hợp tác noticeable (a) notice (n.v) /ˈnəʊtɪs/ chú ý notify (v) /ˈnəʊtɪfaɪ/ thông báo pedestrian (n, a) pedestrianize (v) /pəˈdestriənaɪz/ biến đường xe chạy thành đường bộ

Hành động, trạng thái xảy ra và kết thúc trước một hành động hoặc một mốc thời gian trong quá khứ.

She had travelled to many countries before she went to Vietnam.

Hành động, trạng thái xảy ra, kết thúc và để lại kết quả ở quá khứ We were happy because we had done all our homework.

Dấu hiệu: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành thường đi với các từ hoặc cụm từ sau đây: by: I’d finished my homework by eight o'clock. by the time: By the time I got to class, the lesson had started. before: The teacher had checked the answers before the lesson. after: I left after I'd finished the test. just: Simon had just finished the test when the bell rang. when: I left when I'd finished the test.

2 Một số cấu trúc với tính từ

2.1 Tính từ + to - Động từ nguyên dạng: Thật thế nào (đối với ai) khi làm gì

It + be + adjective (for sb) + to- infinitive

It + be + adjective + of sb + to-infinitive

- Trong cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh thông tin, chủ ngữ giả IT thường được sử dụng Chủ ngữ của động từ nguyên dạng đứng sau FOR Các tính từ thường được sử dụng trong mẫu câu này: glad, sorry, sad, delighted, pleased, happy, a/raid, anxious, surprised, shocked

- Chủ ngữ của động từ nguyên dạng cũng có thể đứng sau OF khi tính từ diễn đạt ý kiến của người nói/người viết Các tính từ thường sử dụng như: kind, nice, rude

Ví dụ: - English is not difficult to learn.

- It is not difficult to learn English.

- It is kind of you to help me.

2.2 Tính từ + Mệnh đề danh từ:

Các tính từ thường được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này là các tính từ chỉ cảm xúc, chắc chắn, hay lo lắng như: happy, glad, pleased, sorry, certain, sure, confident, convinced, afraid, annoyed, astonished, conscious

Ví dụ: - I am certain that you will pass the exam.

- I’m surprised that he didn't come.

I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

II Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

I Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

1 They _ a five-day tour in Malaysia before they enjoyed the Tet festival last year.

A had spent B would spend C spend D spent

2 There has been a _increase in high-rise buildings over the last five years.

3 It was very _that a couple in the past could have about 5 to 10 children.

4 In the old days, people _phrynium leaves before they made Chung cakes.

A had collected B have gained C would collect D had gained

5 We really like the photo _in the school’s 70th anniversary.

6 Ho Chi Minh City plans to use the state budget funds to build ten more flyovers _.

7 Wise families accept the _, and support those who have different ways of thinking.

8 Nowadays it is easy _to the suburban areas by tram.

A get B getting C gets D to get

9 Used throughout the 19th century in _classrooms, the slate has been used for students to write the answers to the problems.

A most of B almost C nearly all D hardly ever

10 When President Barack Obama arrived in Viet Nam in July 2016, the former US President BillClinton and George W Bush _here earlier.

A would come B had come C come D have come

11 Our country became totally _in 1975 after decades of fighting for freedom.

12 The metro will _Ben Thanh Market in the central area to the amusement park at Suoi Tien in District 9.

13 As a member of family, you are _ to receive moral support and material assistance from other members, especially when you are in trouble.

14 In a traditional family, there were three _ grandparents, parents, and children.

15 As an old saying in Viet Nam, "Blood is thicker than water", the concept of blood is always engraved in the mind of the Vietnamese.

II Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect tense, past simple tense or past perfect tense.

1 When the waiter finally (arrive) with the food, the guest (already leave) the restaurant.

2 I am sorry that our parents (have) very poor school facilities.

3 We cannot see Mr Vinh He (just park) _ in front of the supermarket.

4 Everyone was glad that the government _ (decide) to invest more in education.

5 The Browns (spend) _ two days in Hanoi before they (travel) _ to Sa

6, Everyone (get) _ angry because he (leave) without saying anything.

7 Her bicycle wasn't there because someone (take) _ it without asking her.

8 All of us are delighted that life in the countryside _ (improve) considerably.

9 Phuong Nhi (not call) _ us since she (move) _ to Ho Chi Minh City last month.

10 We _ (relieve) that we _ (do) well in the exam

III Supply the correct form of the words in CAPITAL LETTER to complete the sentences.

1 It is very _ to go around the city centre by bike (PRACTICE)

2 There was _ to get a place in the kindergarten for their small girl because they couldn't get the application form (ROMANCE)

3 The boy was too _to speak He became breathless (HOPE)

4 We have lived in an _family for over twenty years (EXTEND)

5 It is not _ to cook a lot of food for Tet because we can have good food all year round (NECESSITY)

6 The number of private cars on the roads has increased _since 2010 (DRAMA)

7 All of us were _to hear that he had passed the driving test at the fourth attempt.

8 In my opinion, a good doctor is always _ to his patients (SYMPATHY)

9 We are proud that our country has become one of the world largest rice _.

10 These are the most _shoes I have ever worn I like them very much.

I Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Today cities are bigger and noisier than cities from the past They are also more crowed and much polluted because more (1) _lives in them Cities are less relaxed and less friendly than before Everything (2) _, not only in cities In the past, people wrote hand-writer letters to their friends.

Today we use computers or laptops for writing or sending e-mails In fact, computers are much more used than some years ago They are also less (3) _to buy and easier to use.

One of the games children used to play was (4) _ Today, they play much more (5) _and complex games such as Play Station 3 So, games are funnier and more expensive (6) _yesterday games (7) _most children.

The way we cook has changed, too In the past, we (8) _cook on a stove Today, food is cooked in (9) _microwave oven Food is also cheaper and more (10) _ So, some things are better than before and some things are worse than before.

2 A had changed B changed C changing D has changed

4 A riding horse B horsing C horseshoes D fightinghorse

7 A according to B due to C apart from D except for

8 A used B is used C used to D was used

II Fill in the blank with ONE suitable word.

In many modern countries, people think (1) _ a family as a mother, a father and their children But this is not the (2) _ kind of the family group In some parts of the world, a family group has many (3) _ members This kind of large family is called an