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UNIT 1: A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE VOCABULARY Antibiotic /,æntibai'ɒtik/ (n) thuốc kháng sinh (a) kháng sinh Bacteria /bỉk'tiəriə/ (số nhiều) vi khuẩn (số bacterium)) Balanced /'bælənst/(a) cân bằng, cân đối balance (n,v) Cut down on : cắt giảm) Diam)eter /dai'æm)itə[r]/ (n) đường kính Disease /di'zi:z/ (n) bệnh, bệnh tật = sickness (n) = illness(n) = ailm)ent /'eilm)ənt/ Energy /'enədʒi/ sinh lực, nghị lực, lượng Exam)ine /ig'zæm)in/ xem) xét, nghiên cứu, khám) bệnh, kiểm) tra (trình độ, kiến thức…) Fitness /'fitnis/ (n) m)ạnh khỏe, sung sức fitness for som)ething (to som)ething): phù hợp, thích hợp 10 Food poisoning (n) ngộ độc thức ăn 11 Germ) (n) vi trùng 12 Give up : từ bỏ 13 Infection (n) /in'fek∫ən/ bệnh lây nhiễm), lây nhiễm) 14 Ingredient /in'gri:diənt/ thành phần 15 Life expectancy : tuổi thọ = life span= longevity 16 Muscle(n) /'m)ʌsl/ sức m)ạnh bắp 17 Nutrient (n) /'nju:triənt/ /'nu:triənt/ chất dinh dưỡng 18 Organism) /'ɔ:gənizəm)/ sinh vật, thực thể sống 19 Press-up: động tác chống đẩy 20 Properly (adv) /ˈprɑːpɚli/ m)ột cách điều độ, hợp lí 21 Recipe /'resəpi/ cách nấu nướng, cơng thức chế biến (m)ón ăn, bánh trái…) 22 Regular /'regjulə[r]/ đều, đặn [as] regular as clockwork: đặn m)ột m)áy [đồng hồ] 23 Spread /spred/ (n) truyền bá, lan truyền spread one's wings: tung hoành; m)ở rộng phạm) vi hoạt động; m)ở trộng phạm) vi quan tâm) 24 Star jum)p (np) : động tác nhảy dang tay chân 25 Strength (n) /streηθ/ sức m)ạnh, sức from) strength to strength:thành công ngày tăng 26 Suffer (+from)): chịu đựng 27 Treatm)ent /'tri:tm)ənt/ điều trị; điều trị; thuốc điều trị 28 Tuberculosis /tju:,bɜ:kjʊ'ləʊsis/ /tu:bɜ:kjʊ'ləʊsis/ (n) bệnh lao 29 Virus (n) vi-rút 30 Work out: tập thể dục GRAMMAR Phân biệt cách sử dụng Thì hồn thành Thì q khứ đơn HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN Hành động xảy q khứ cịn Hành động xảy kết thúc kéo dài tới tương lai khứ Eg: I have learnt English for 10 years Eg: I learnt English 10 years ago (Tôi học tiếng Anh 10 năm) rồi.) (Tôi học tiếng Anh 10 năm) trước – khơng cịn học nữa.) Hành động xảy khứ ảnh Hành động xảy khơng cịn liên hệ hưởng tới với Eg: I have broken m)y leg Eg: 10 years ago, I broke m)y leg once (Tôi bị gãy chân – nên nằm) bệnh viện.) (10 năm) trước, bị gãy chân m)ột lần) Cấu trúc Thì hồn thành Thì q khứ đơn HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH (+) (-) QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN S + have/ has + VpII * Tobe: S + was/ were + …… Eg: I have watched “Iron Man” several * Verb: S + Ved + …… tim)es Eg: I watched “Iron Man” yesterday (Tôi xem) Người Sắt vài lần.) (Hôm) qua xem) Người Sắt.) S + have/ has + not + VpII * Tobe: S + wasn’t/ weren’t + …… Eg: She hasn’t com)e up to now * Verb: S + didn’t + Vinf + …… (Đến cô chưa đến.) Eg: She didn’t go to school last week (Tuần trước cô không học.) (?) (Từ để hỏi) + have/ has + S + VpII? * Tobe: (Từ để hỏi) + was/ were + S + .? Eg: How long have you lived there? * Verb: (Từ để hỏi) + did + S + Vinf + .? (Bạn sống rồi?) Eg: When did you buy that book? (Bạn m)ua sách vậy?) Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì hồn thành Thì q khứ đơn HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH Q KHỨ ĐƠN • Since + m)ốc thời gian • last night/ year/ m)onth • For + khoảng thời gian • yesterday • Already (rồi) • ago • Yet (chưa) • in + năm) • Before (trước đây) Eg: She bought the bike years ago • Just (vừa m)ới) (Cô m)ua xe đạp năm) trước.) • So far (cho đến bây giờ) • Recently, lately (gần đây) Eg: He has just flown from) New York (Anh vừa m)ới bay từ New York.) PRACTICE Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect I (not/play) football since I was at school but I _ (be) very good at it back then A: you (choose) a dress for the party yet? B: Yes, I (buy) one yesterday I think our teacher (forget) about the test! He _ (not/ say) anything about it in the last season! A: (you/ sell) your house yet? B: Yes, som)e people _ (see) it last m)onth and (buy) it They (lose) their cat It _ (run) away last week Helen ever (try) sushi? you (go) to the wedding last night? I never (be) to Paris This year I (travel) to Athens tim)es so far 10 Paul and Judith (be) m)arried since 1998 11 you (finish) your hom)ework yet? 12 Last night aunt Betty (com)e) by She (tell) us that this sum)m)er they are going to Hawaii 13 I (visit) m)any different countries so far Last sum)m)er I (go) to Italy and years ago I (be) in Spain I (not/ visit) Germ)any yet 14 When you (com)e) to Greece? 15 I (com)e) in 2007 16 you (watch) the film) E.T yesterday? 17 They already (leave) the train station 18 How long you (know) Jonathan? 19 I (m)eet) him) in 2009, so I (know) him) for years 20 What (happen) to Lucy last night? 21 I (see) that program)m)e about telepathy last night 22 He (com)e) back from) Uganda a week ago 23 Last week, he (phone) _ m)e to inform) m)e about the m)atter 24 He (travel) _ a lot recently 25 Claire (have) an appointm)ent at the hairdresser’s yesterday 26 He’s the m)ost difficult custom)er I (have to - ever) deal with 27 Sales (rise) _ in 2001, but then (fall) _ again in 2002 28 We (sign) a binding contract last year which is still valid 29 I feel really tired I (finish - just) m)y hom)ework 30 Look at George ! He (have) a haircut Key I _haven’t played _ (not/play) football since I was at school but I was _ (be) very good at it back then A: _Have _ you _chosen _ (choose) a dress for the party yet? B: Yes, I _bought _ (buy) one yesterday I think our teacher has forgotten (forget) about the test! He _didn’t say (not/ say) anything about it in the last season! A: _Have you sold _ (you/ sell) your house yet? B: Yes, som)e people saw _ (see) it last m)onth and bought (buy) it They have lost (lose) their cat It ran _ (run) away last week _Has _ Helen ever tried (try) sushi? Did you _go _ (go) to the wedding last night? I _have _ never _been _ (be) to Paris This year I _have traveled _ (travel) to Athens tim)es so far 10 Paul and Judith have been (be) m)arried since 1998 11 Have you finished (finish) your hom)ework yet? 12 Last night aunt Betty cam)e (com)e) by She _told _ (tell) us that this sum)m)er they are going to Hawaii 13 I have visited (visit) m)any different countries so far Last sum)m)er I _went _ (go) to Italy and years ago I _was _ (be) in Spain I _haven’t visited _ (not/ visit) Germ)any yet 14 When did you com)e (com)e) to Greece? 15 I _cam)e _ (com)e) in 2007 16 Did you _watch _ (watch) the film) E.T yesterday? 17 They have already left (leave) the train station 18 How long _have _ you known (know) Jonathan? 19 I have m)et (m)eet) him) in 2009, so I have known (know) him) for years 20 What _happened _ (happen) to Lucy last night? 21 I (see) saw that program)m)e about telepathy last night 22 He (com)e) _cam)e _ back from) Uganda a week ago 23 Last week, he (phone) phoned _ m)e to inform) m)e about the m)atter 24 He (travel) _has travelled a lot recently 25 Claire (have) had an appointm)ent at the hairdresser’s yesterday 26 He’s the m)ost difficult custom)er I (have to - ever) had ever had to deal with 27 Sales (rise) _rose in 2001, but then (fall) fell _ again in 2002 28 We (sign) have signed a binding contract last year which is still valid 29 I feel really tired I (finish - just) have just finished m)y hom)ework 30 Look at George ! He (have) has had a haircut Fill in the gaps with “yet, ago, ever, last night, for or since” My father went to Italy five days He has known her _ 2001 Have you _ seen an elephant? She hasn’t finished her work He has lived in Madrid _ ten years We went to bed at 11 o’clock Key My father went to Italy five days ago He has known her since _ 2001 Have you ever _ seen an elephant? She hasn’t finished her work yet He has lived in Madrid for _ ten years We went to bed at 11 o’clock _last night _ Circle the correct item Has Jack gone to school then/ yet? Tonia has sent twenty invitations yesterday/ so far Tina took a test already/ three days ago I sent you an em)ail two days already/ ago but you haven’t replied Helen has already/ yet had her breakfast Key Has Jack gone to school yet? Tonia has sent twenty invitations so far Tina took a test three days ago I sent you an em)ail two days ago but you haven’t replied Helen has already had her breakfast Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect I (1) _ (be) a ski instructor for m)any years now I (2) _ (take up) the sport when I (3) _ (be) at school I still rem)em)ber the first tim)e I (4) (try) to ski I (5) _ (slip) on the ice and (6) (break) m)y ankle Thankfully, I (7) _ (not/ have) a serious accident since then Last year, I (8) (try) ice-skating for the very first tim)e I (9) (slip) on the ice rink a couple of tim)es since then but I (10) (not/ break) anything Two years ago, I (11) _ (take) snowboarding lessons I (12) _ (not/ like) it because I (13) (find) it a little dangerous I (14) (not/ play) ice - hockey yet There’s a gam)e tom)orrow I can’t wait to go! Key have been took up was tried slipped broke haven’t had tried have slipped 10 haven’t broken 11 took 12 didn’t like 13 found 14 haven’t played EXTRA TEST PHONETICS Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions A sugar B consum)e C m)uscle D obesity A vitam)in B m)ineral C diet D fitness A m)edicine B energy C exercise D obesity A balanced B yoga C fatty D natural A vegetable B hygiene C sugary D longevity A sm)oked B called C photographed D based A dem)anded B lived C questioned D supposed A exactly B exist C exhaust D extinct A change B poaching C chem)ical D achievem)ent 10 A survive B prohibit C fertilizer D environm)ent 11 A naked B looked C booked D hooked 12 A concerned B raised C developed D m)aintained Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions A prevent B injure C balance D suffer A fitness B disease C treatm)ent D headache A longer B fatal C im)m)une D careful A infectious B essential C resistant D properly A nutrient B vitam)in C m)ineral D infection A expression B exam)ple C friendliness D superior A nervous B healthy C verbal D polite A exercise B prohibit C operate D cultivate A acupuncture B longevity C environm)ent D establishm)ent 10 A natural B dangerous C unhealthy D regular 11 A capture B discharge C survive D exhaust 12 A fertilizer B developm)ent C environm)ent D advertisem)ent VOCABULARY Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Children often get vaccinated so as to be im)m)une to fatal diseases A susceptible B vulnerable C fragile D resistant C increase D m)aintain 12 This kind of fruit helps to boost the im)m)une system) A decrease B reduce In Vietnam), life expectancy for both m)en and wom)en has increased significantly over the last ten years A living standard B longevity C life skills D lifeline There are som)e principles for people to stick to if they want to stay healthy A rules B m)issions C laws D duties The second them)e describes the wom)en's rejection of the pressure surrounding body size and food and their desire to eat the foods they enjoyed A cultivate B purchase C digest D consum)e There are num)erous ways to exercise and m)aintain a healthy lifestyle A apply B exploit C keep D operate We should only use prescription m)edication when all other options have failed A declined B not succeeded C broken D passed C get up D get in You will recover quickly if you take this m)edication A get well B get on The doctor cautioned his patient against consum)ing too m)uch sugar A scream)ed B threatened C punished D warned 10 Make sure you get a balanced intake of vitam)ins and m)inerals to stay healthy A recognition B stim)ulation C consum)ption D digestion 11 Obesity and heart disease can be exacerbated by excessive fast-food consum)ption A Being underweight B Being overweight C Child m)alnutrition D Fam)ine stricken 12 Meditation is a popular way to relieve stress in today's hectic lifestyles A reduce B reproduce C rehearse D renam)e 13 People can fight infection m)ore effectively if they eat a nutritious diet A injection B disease C hygiene D digestion 14 Do school-based social skills training program)s prevent alcohol use am)ong young people? A boost B stim)ulate C avoid D trigger 15 Many people wear protective clothing when they go outside to avoid sunburn A recom)m)ence B encourage C facilitate D block 16 Rem)em)ber to wash your face twice a day with warm) water and m)ild soap to rem)ove dirt A light B destructive C strong D protective 17 Pim)ple squeezing can cause swelling, redness, and injection A falling B declining C shrinking D becom)ing bigger 18 Consum)ing a wide range of fruits and vegetables supplies you with vitam)ins and nutrients A broad B narrow C lim)ited D uncertain 19 She gave us som)e advice on how to keep our skin healthy and how to avoid com)m)on skin problem)s A specific B norm)al C infrequent D devoted 20 Having healthy skin is especially crucial to wom)en to m)aintain their beauty A trivial B m)eaningless C vital D contributory 21 If you look at a com)puter screen for an extended period of tim)e, your eyesight m)ay deteriorate A suffer B observe C glance D gaze 22 Life expectancy increases can be attributed to healthier lifestyles, im)proved nutrition, and advances in m)edical science and technology A m)ainstays B householders C breadwinners D breakthroughs 23 Mass m)edia have helped to raise people’s awareness of lifestyle choices A stabilize B m)inim)ize C lift D em)bark 24 For over ten years, John Kennedy has worked as a fitness trainer A practitioner B instructor C interviewer D dieter 25 Here are som)e precautions to take when engaging in various types of physical activities A safety m)easures B safety levels C safety rules D safety factors 26 If you exercise outside in hot, sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid A liquid B vitam)ins C m)inerals D nutrients C caught on D com)pensated for 27 The fire resulted in dam)age to their property A resulted from) B led to 28 You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pause regularly to drink m)ore A break up B break down C break off D break in 29 You should also exercise in the early m)orning when the weather is not too hot A have a rest B housework C hom)ework D work out 30 Before swim)m)ing, m)ake sure you've warm)ed up your body by stretching or jum)ping A exercised lightly B put on warm) clothes C had a warm) bath D rested warm)ly Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Before you begin your yoga practice, you should som)e warm)-up exercises such as stretching A rem)aining B m)aintaining C perform)ing D shrinking Stretching will relax your m)uscles and prevent your joints A allow B avoid C lim)it D protest Don't look down at your feet as you walk This will cause you to slow down and cause back pain A result in B result from) C lead to D give off After receiving hundreds of job rejections, I decided that I needed to som)ething about m)y obesity A arrival B approval C refusal D rebuttal I discovered a website that advertised a quick and easy way to lose weight in one m)onth A suffer B treat C m)aintain D gain C.dem)olished D im)itated We were not prepared for the events that followed A refused B obeyed My boyfriend wholeheartedly supported m)e during m)y fight against obesity A aided B discouraged C assisted D boom)ed After being out of work for two years, I have received m)y first job offer recently A produced B gained C rejected D acquired If you haven't been active, begin slowly but consistently A inactive B im)propriate C inadequate D indifferent 10 You risk serious injury or death if you are swim)m)ing and lightning strikes A trivial B dreadful C crucial D negligible GRAMMAR Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions Such hum)an activities as pollution, drainage of wetlands, cutting and clearing of forests, urbanization, and A B C road and dam) construction has destroyed or seriously dam)aged available habitats D Habitat fragm)entation have caused plant and anim)al species in the rem)aining islands of habitat to lose A B C contact with others of their own kind D Without the particularly habitat, the species could not survive any m)ore A B C D Forty years after Yuri Gagarin becam)e the first m)an in orbit, Dennis Tito, an Am)erican businessm)an A B has becom)e the world first space tourist C D I wash the dishes yesterday, but I have not had the tim)e yet to it today A B C D The children have put away their toys but they didn’t m)ake their beds yet A B C D 7.She spoke in a very low voice, but I can understand what she said a few m)inutes ago