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UNIT 7 RECIPES AND EATING HABITS A REVIEW I Vocabulary Words Transcription Meaning Examples chop (v) / tʃɒp/ chặt Feel the cucumber and chop it into cube (n) /kju:b/ small cubes deep- fry (v) /ˌdiːp ˈfraɪ/ miếng hình lập A cube is a solid or hollow figure with dip (v) /dɪp/ phương six equal square sides drain (v) /dreɪn/ rán ngập mỡ Today my mother is teaching me how to garnish (v) /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/ deep-fry fish grate (v) /greɪt/ grill (v) /grɪl/ nhúng She dipped her toe into the pool to see Marinate (v) /ˈmærɪneɪt/ how cold it was làm ráo nước Leave the dishes to drain trang trí (thức ăn) Garnish the dish with almonds before serving mài, xát (thànhAs you grate your potatoes, let them bột); nạo (thức ăn) drop into a large bowl of ice water nướng I'll grill the bacon rather than fry it ướp I allways marinate the chicken in white wine for a couple of hours before frying peel(v) /pi:l/ gọt vỏ, bóc vỏ We should peel potatoes before cooking puree (v) /ˈpjʊərei/ xay nhuyễn The first solid food she gave her baby roast(v) /rəʊst/ quay was puréed carrot hành khô I roasted the vegetables with some olive shallot (n) /ʃəˈlɒt/ oil om Cooking with shallots means adding simmer (v) /ˈsɪmə(r)/ their delicate flavour to many dishes in your kitchen Leave the soup to simmer for 10 minutes before serving it spread (v) /spred/ phết (bơ) She spread her toast with a thick layer of butter Sprinkle (v) /ˈsprɪŋkl/ rắc (hương liệu) I sprinkled some sugar on top of the cake slice (v) /slaɪs/ cắt lát Could you slice me a very thin piece of cake? staple (n) /'steɪpl/ lương thực chính The staple crop is rice starter (n) /ˈstɑːtə[r]/ món khai vị This dish can be served as a starter or a steam (v) /sti:m/ main course hấp The best way to steam your food to is of stew (n, v) /stju:/ course to have a steamer at home stir-fry (v) /ˈstɜː fraɪ/ (món) hầm I'm making a stew for lunch xào Stir-fry the chicken for one minute, then tender (a) /'tendə(r) add the vegetables versatile /ˈvɜːsətaɪl/ mềm đa dụng This meat is extremely tender (a) /wisk/ Eggs are easy to cook and are an whisk (v) Đánh (trứng ) extremely versatile food He whisked the butter and eggs together, wondering if this was the right way to make an omelette II Word formation Word Related words Transcription Meaning combine (v) combination (n) /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ sự kết hợp /trəˈdɪʃənl/ truyền thống tradition (n) traditional (a) /səkˈses/ sự thành công /səkˈsesfl / thành công succeed (v) success (n) / səkˈsesfəli/ một cách thành công important (a) successful (a) successfully / ɪmˈpɔːtns/ tầm quan trọng /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ quan trọng (adv) importance (n) signify (v) significant (a) nutrition (n) significance (n) / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns / ý nghĩa mix (v) signification (n) /ˌsɪɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn / sự báo hiệu cook (v) nutritious (a) /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ bổ dưỡng mixture (n) /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/ sự pha trộn arrange (v) overcook (n) /ˌəʊvəˈkʊk/ nấu quá lửa add (v) undercook (n) /ˌʌndəˈkʊk/ Nấu thiếu lửa arrangement (n) /əˈreɪndʒmənt/ sự sắp xếp character addition (n) /əˈdɪʃn/ sự thêm vào (n) additional (a) /əˈdɪʃənl/ cộng thêm, thêm characteristic (n) /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ đặc tính health (n) characterise (v) /ˈkærəktəraɪz/ mô tả healthy (a) /ˈhelθi/i/ khỏe mạnh healthily (adv) /ˈhelθi/ɪli/ một cách khỏe mạnh unhealthy (a) /ʌnˈhelθi/i/ không khỏe III Grammar 1 Some/any - Both some and any are used to say unidentified amount of something when it is impossible or not necessary to say the exact amount 1.1 Some: Một ít, một vài - Some is often used in affirmative sentences before countable nouns in plural forms or uncountable nouns Examples: I want some milk I need some eggs - Sometimes some is used in interrogative sentences when expecting the answer is Yes, or is used in sentences for requesting, inviting and offering Examples: Did you buy some oranges? Would you like some more coffee? May I go out for some drink? 1.2 Any: Một ít, một vài - Any is often used before countable nouns in plural form or uncountable nouns in negative or interrogative sentences Examples: Do you want any sugar? She didn't see any boys in her class - Any is used before uncountable nouns and countable nouns in singular form in affirmative clauses with negative meaning or after words having negative meaning like never, hardly, scarcely, without Examples: I'm free all day Come and see me any time you like He's lazy He never does any work If there are any letters for me, can you send them on to this address? If you need any more money, please let me know Notes: - We can use some and any without any nouns when those nouns are identified Examples: Tim wanted some milk, but he couldn't find any (Or) If you have no stamps, I will give you some - Pronouns like something, anything, someone, anyone, somebody, anybody, somewhere, anywhere can be used in a similar way with some and any Examples: I don't see anything on the table (Or) Is there anybody in your house now? (Or) I want to do something to help you 2 A cup of tea, a loaf of bread - Tea and bread are uncountable nouns, so we cannot use article ‘a’ or numbers before them, but we can say a cup of tea và a loaf of bread - Some other examples of expression of uncountable nouns: a carton of apple juice, a tin of paint, a bottle of milk, a box of cereal, a tube of toothpaste, a glass of coffee, a piece of wood, a slice of bread, a sheet of paper, half a pound of butter, two littres of petrol, a bar of chocolate - This way of expression can also be used for plural nouns after of: a box of matches, two kilos of tomatoes, a collection of stamps 3 Modal verbs in Conditional Sentences Type 1 If - clause Main clause If + S + V (present simple) S + will/ can/ may/ might/ should/ must + V (bare infinitive) Examples: I will buy a big house if I have enough money I will be late for school if you don't drive faster If he wants to pass the exam, he must study harder If you finish your homework, you can watch TV (permission) He can learn to become a good cook if he tries hard (ability) If she likes eating spicy food, he may/ might add chilli (possibility) If you feel unhealthy, you shouldn't eat fast food (advice) If you don't want to get weight, you must follow these safety instructions, (necessity) B PRACTICE EXERCISES I Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences 1 Food in Northern Vietnam is not as _as that in Central and Southern Vietnam, as black pepper is often used rather than chilies A strong B flavour C spicy D exciting 2 Despite the differences in cuisine of each region, there are similarities, such as the _ for main meals - rice, ways of adding fish sauce, herbs and other flavours A basic B staple C foundation D necessity 3 A meal of Hue people has a natural combination between flavours and colours of dishes, which creates the unique _ in the regional cuisine A feature B part C description D list 4 _ of famous dishes in Southern Vietnam are Hu Tieu Nam Vang, Bun Mam, fried rice, flour cake, and many kinds of puddings A Any B A C One D Some 5 If I feel hungry in the afternoon, I _ snacks like fresh carrots, a bottle of milk or a slice of bread A would have B had C might have D had had 6 My father _ hot pot, in which there is a combination of seasoned broth, vegetables and meats if my mother goes home late this evening A will cook B would cook C cooks D cooked 7 If people work so much, they _ depressed and eat more food containing a lot of fat and sugar rather than minerals and vitamins A may feel B could feel C felt D may have felt 8 Beet greens are the most _part of the vegetable and can be cooked like any other dark leafy green A careful B nutritious C traditional D colourful 9 You _ chicken It means that you cook it in an oven or over a fire without liquid A roast B steam C fry D boil 10 Such ingredients as sugar, sugarcane, and coconut water are mostly used in Southern Vietnamese food than in _places in Northern and Central Vietnam A an B any C some D a II Complete the following sentences with a, an, some or any 1 I here arean’t _ good restaurants in this town 2 Don’t worry about lunch I've bought _ pizzas 3 We’d like to stay longer, but we don't have _ time 4 Could you give me _ information please? 5 I’m really hungry now Can you give me _ apple? III Give the correct term of the word in brackets to complete the following text Good cooking is always a strange (1 MIX) _ of science and art Certainly, you also have to be fairly creative if you want to come up with your own recipes All cooking also demands a fair amount of (2 PREPARE) _, and tlais is doubly true when you're producing orginal dishes You also have to be thick - skinned You'll be (3 SURPRISE) _ by how honest people can be when it comes to food I've had people tell me my latest dish is (4 DISGUST) _ and thoroughly incredible! Sometimes, they were right! But don't get upset Just smile sweetly and thank them for their valuable opinion And never forget that when you're waiting (5 ANXIOUS) _to hear whether or not your 'masterpiece' is a success and they suddenly show their appreciation you'll realize it was all worth it IV Read the text below and write one word in each blank to complete it In a modem dairy, tire milking of cows is carried out by machines Cows are usually milked twice a (1) _ by a milking machine The warm milk from cow is collected in a large vat where it is cooled The milk is then (2) _ to another part of the dairy for processing Fresh milk is converted to pasteurized milk and cream in the processing section of the dairy A number of machines are used to process the milk Three of the most (3) _ machines used to process milk are the separator, the pasteurizer and the homogenizer The separator removes the cream from the milk Milk without cream is known as skimmed milk Skimmed milk is drunk by people who want to (4) _ the fat content in their diet The pasteurizer serves to heat the milk to a certain temperature so as to destroy any bacteria that it may contain It is not safe to drink milk that has not been pasteurized Cream and milk are blended in the homogenized to produce full-cream milk The milk is then cooked and (5) _ The bottles are stored in a cool place before they are delivered to shops and homes V Read the text and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) A cacao tree is about seven meters high and is covered with large leaves Up to 6,000 small pink or white flowers appear on a tree every year Only a few of these flowers produce a pod Each pod is about 15 to 20 centimetres long and contains from 20 to 50 beans A tree produces only about 20 to 40 pods a year People gather these pods, break them open with large knives, take out the beans, and dry them After a few days, the beans are cleaned, roasted, and ground into tiny pieces The natural fat in the beans becomes a liquid Chocolate is made from this liquid Today the largest suppliers of chocolate are Ghana, the Ivory Coast, Nigeria, and Brazil Ghana got its first cacao tree from Fernando Po, a Spanish colony off the coast of Africa A Ghanaian who was working on Fernando Po in 1879 took a cacao pod home and planted it It grew into a tree Other people slowly started growing cacao trees Before this, there were wars in the region for decades When people started growing cacao trees, they stopped fighting In this way, chocolate brought peace to the Africans there A tropical tree with an Indian name brought peace to West Africa Chocolate brings pleasure to all of us when we eat and drink this delicious food 1 _ A cacao tree is about seven meters high and covered with large pink and white leaves 2 _ Each year, a cacao tree has 6,000 flowers which produce a pod of about 15 to 20 centimetres long and contains from 20 to 50 beans 3 _ Chocolate is made from the liquid which are the natural fat in the beans taken out from the cacao's flower pods 4 _ People in Ghana started planting cacao in 1879 and cacao trees helped them stop fighting 5 _ We can feel happy and comfortable when we eat and drink chocolate VI Read the following text and answer the questions below Isn't it amazing how much time we spend talking about food? “Have you ever eaten ?” “What did you have for lunch?” and so on And when you travel from one country to another, you find that people have quite different feelings about food People often feel that what they eat is normal, and that what other people eat is strange or silly In most parts of Asia, for example, no meal is complete without rice In England, people eat potatoes every day In the Middle East, bread is the main part of every meal Eating, like so many things we do, becomes a habit which is difficult to change Americans like to drink a lot of orange juice and coffee The English drink tea four or five times every day Australians drink large amount of beer and the French drink wine every day The sort of meat people like to eat also differs from one country to another Horse meat is thought to be delicious in France In Hong Kong, some people enjoy eating snakes New Zealanders eat sheep, but they never eat goat meat The Japanese don't like to eat sheep meat because of its smell, but they enjoy raw fish So it seems that although eating is a topic that we can talk about for hours, there is very little common sense in what we say about it People everywhere enjoy eating what they have always been eating, and there is very little we can do to change our eating habits 1 What does the writer think of people's opinions about food? _ 2 What do people in many Asian countries almost always have in their meals? _ 3 Where do people prefer tea to other drinks? _ 4 Why don't people in Japan like to eat sheep meat? _ 5 What is the text mainly about? _ VII Use the given words to write the complete sentences 1 There/ nothing more appetizing/ smell of meat sizzling over an open fire _ 2 Some people/ eat barbecue/ because/ it/ let/ together with friends or family/ make/ feel more sociable _ 3 People often/ barbecue/ national holidays/ special occasions/ birthday/ family gathering 4 In the United States, it/ tradition/ have a barbecue/ hamburgers and hot dogs/ Independence Day, July 4th 5 If you/ chance to visit/ different places/ world, you/ try/ local specialities 6 There/ any good restaurants/ that town/ we/ decide/ take/ sandwiches for the trip 7 We'd like/ stay longer/ try local dishes, but we/ not have/ time 8 He/ learn to become/ good cook/ big restaurants and hotels/ if/ he/ try/ hard 9 We/ have/ fish? This restaurant/ most famous for it/ this town 10 If she/ like/ eat spicy food/ she/ add chilli VIII Finish each of the following sentences so that its meaning stays the same 1 Follow these safety instructions or you may get burnt  If you 2 I suggest having some spaghetti and pizza tonight  Why don't _ 3 My aunt has never tasted sushi before  This is 4 Eating healthy food is very important  It is _ 5 Do more exercise or you can't lose any weight  If _ C PRACTICE TEST PART 1 PHONETICS I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group 1 A garnish B drain C tender D sprinkle 2 A grin B dip C slice D grill 3 A spread B cream C bread D head 4 A sugar B stew C sauce D steam 5 A grate B shallot C marinate D staple II Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the others in each group 6 A individual B supermarket C avocado D information 7 A versatile B marinate C tomato D chocolate 8 A balance B combine C include D reduce 9 A understand B geography C engineer D disappearance 10 A promote B diverse C language D combine