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The most fundamental component of a multimodal transportsystem, however, is the multimodal transport network that consists of networks forprivate transport, public transport, and other t
FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSPORT ECONOMICS REPORT Multimodalism - Integrated Logistics Hubs: A case of Poland and India Instructor Group PhD Nguyen Minh Phuc Members Le Nguyen Duc Long – 2211150624 Pham Anh Son – 2212150149 Course TMAE205(HK1-2324)2.1 Hanoi, January 2024 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT I INTRODUCTION Definition of multimodal transportation Significance and relevance in the transportation sector II MODES OF TRANSPORTATION WITHIN MULTIMODAL SYSTEMS Railways Maritime transport Air transport Road transportation III DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MULTIMODAL AND INTERMODAL TRANSPORT 10 Crucial background of multimodal and intermodal transportation 10 a, Intermodal transportation 10 b, Multimodal transportation 11 Comparison between multimodal and intermodal transportation .12 IV ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION 14 Cost savings in transportation 14 Environmental impact reduction 15 V CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS: .17 VI CASE STUDY 18 CPK Airport in Poland .18 a, Overview 18 b, Detailed component 19 c, CPK airport as an transportation hub 20 MMLPs in India: 22 a Overview: 22 b Current situation: 23 c Main components: 26 Comparison between CPK Airport in Poland and MMLP in India: .28 Conclusion 29 REFERENCES 30 ABSTRACT Multimodal transport, that is using two or more transport modes for a trip between which a transfer is necessary, seems an interesting approach to solving today’s transportation problems with respect to the deteriorating accessibility of city centers, recurrent congestion, and environmental impact Combining private transport and public transport in a truly multimodal transport system offers opportunities to capitalize on the strengths of the various systems while avoiding their weaknesses The requirements for such a multimodal transport system, however, are high Travelers have to be aware of the possibilities to change modes and the related benefits Thus high quality travel information is crucial Transfers between transport modes and services should be seamless, setting new standards for the design of transfer nodes and for the synchronization of time-tabled transport services Multimodal transport requires new organizational and financial arrangements between all actors involved The most fundamental component of a multimodal transport system, however, is the multimodal transport network that consists of networks for private transport, public transport, and other transport services that are part of the multimodal transport system, including of course the transfer possibilities between these networks This thesis investigates the consequences of multimodal traveling for designing multimodal transport networks It describes the characteristics of multimodal travel today and assesses its productivity and feasibility in the transportation industry The analysis focuses on the way transport networks are organized in hierarchical network structures and determines the main mechanisms leading to these hierarchical network structures Furthermore, an analysis is made of the role in a multimodal transport system of transport services other than private transport or public transport The results provide new insights into the mechanisms determining hierarchical transport network structures They show the potential impact of multimodal transport especially on the capacity requirements for public transport, and they show the possible roles of the various transport services that may be part of a multimodal transport system I INTRODUCTION The first step in this thesis is an analysis of the phenomenon of multimodal transport itself This chapter focuses on what multimodal transport networks are designed for, that is multimodal transportation of people Questions that are answered are: what is meant by multimodal transport, what are the characteristics of multimodal mobility today, and what is the future potential of multimodal traveling? The concept of multimodal transport is discussed in the following section using the layer model developed at Delft University of Technology (Schoemaker et al (1999), Van Binsbergen & Visser (2001), Schaafsma (2001)), which will be extended to define and illustrate typical characteristics of multimodal transport in general Furthermore, a definition of multimodal transport is given, which will be used in this thesis The characteristics of multimodal mobility today are analyzed using an empirical analysis of the CPK airport of Poland and Multimodal Logistics Parks in India It is shown that multimodal transport is a niche market in transportation, which nevertheless plays a substantial role for specific trip types Furthermore, the main characteristics determining the share of multimodal travel will be established These characteristics will then be used for a quantitative assessment of the future potential of multimodal mobility Two approaches will be developed: one based on trip purpose and the other on trip type Both will show that multimodal travel might increase substantially but will remain a niche market Finally, this chapter concludes with a summary of the main findings on the characteristics of multimodal transport, the future potential of multimodal mobility, and the implications for multimodal transport network design Definition of multimodal transportation The definition of multimodal transport in this thesis is that two or more different modes are used for a single trip between which the traveler has to make a transfer (see Figure 1) A mode might be defined by vehicle type or by transport function The part of the trip where a single mode is used is called a leg Typical examples are a trip in which a bicycle is used to access the railway system, or a trip in which an urban bus is used for the leg between railway station and the final destination The opposite of a multimodal trip, that is a unimodal trip, thus are trips in which only a single mode is used, that is by private car or by a regional train service Figure 1: Examples of unimodal trips (a, b) and a multimodal trip (c) (the transfer point is denoted by the bold T) Although this definition seems to be quite simple, it deserves more discussion with regard to the following four aspects: Transfers; Modes and transport services; Trips instead of tours; The role of walking Transfers are an essential part of a multimodal trip In order to use two or more modes travelers have to change modes at transfer nodes However, since transfers are also a common phenomenon in unimodal public transport networks, the definition of transfers needs to be more specific In this thesis the term transfer is used for intermodal transfers, that is transfers where travelers change transport service networks or modes The inclusion of transport services is essential since it implies that a transfer from one transport service network to another transport service network having other characteristics, is also an intermodal transfer A typical example is the transfer from a regional bus to an urban bus A transfer within a transport service network, between urban buses for instance, is then defined as an intramodal transfer Intermodal transfers are special because they deal with different network types, which are designed separately by different operators or authorities, while for intramodal transfers usually one organization is responsible for all these aspects Since a transfer implies extra travel time and/or travel costs while no distance is covered, the transfer itself has serious consequences for the transport services included in a multimodal trip In order to be attractive compared to a unimodal transport service, the speed or the costs of a transport service in a multimodal trip should compensate for the delay and inconvenience of the transfer, as is illustrated in Figure 2-4 Multimodal transport requires fast or cheap transport services Modes and transport services are terms that are closely related and at the same time have different meanings A typical example of the usage of the term mode is in the mode choice model in which the traveler’s choice between for example, cycling, car, and public transport is modeled In this context the term mode is usually associated with the vehicle used In the case of public transport, however, the term mode is related to the service characteristics and not specifically to vehicle types such as bus, tram, metro, and train Thus a distinction can be made between service modes, namely private modes and public modes, and vehicle modes, which might be private vehicles such as private cars and bicycles, and public vehicles such as buses and trams Since multimodal transport is strongly related to transport services, the term mode in this thesis is usually related to service modes Vehicle modes are thus of secondary importance Furthermore, it should be noted that in the case of public transport services, different types of transport services can be distinguished having different characteristics with respect to accessibility, speed, frequency, fares, and vehicles used These characteristics are often strongly related to functionally different network levels, that is urban, regional, and national public transport networks Multimodal transport thus concerns transfers between private transport modes, between private transport and public transport services, and between functionally different types of public transport services This distinction in mode types is illustrated in Figure Please note that for public transport services the vehicle mode might be ambiguous: bus, for example, might be a vehicle mode for urban public transport services as well as for regional and national public transport services Figure 2: Distinction in different types of modes Significance and relevance in the transportation sector Multimodal transportation refers to the use of multiple modes of transportation (such as road, rail, air, sea, and even pipelines) to move goods or people from one point to another The significance and relevance of multimodal transportation in the transportation sector are profound and contribute to various aspects of efficiency, sustainability, and overall economic development Here are some key points highlighting its importance: · Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness: Recommended for you Document continues below Gerund-exercise-1 746 30 Useful Kinh doanh… 100% (2) Phương pháp nghiên cứu kinh… Kinh doanh quốc tế 100% (1) Wal-Mart pulls out of Germany Business… Kinh doanh quốc tế 100% (1) Slide Introduction to Business… Kinh doanh quốc tế 100% (1) - Optimized Routes: Multimodal transportation allows for the selection of the most efficient and cost-effective routes for transporting goods or people Different modes can be utilized based on factors like distance, time constraints, and cost considerations - Reduction in Transit Time: Combining different modes can lead to faster transit times, as each mode can be utilized for its strengths For example, air transport can cover long distances quickly, while road or rail transport can handle the last mile effectively · Resilience and Reliability: - Risk Mitigation: Multimodal transportation provides a level of resilience against disruptions in a single mode If there are issues like weather-related problems, strikes, or infrastructure failures in one mode, other modes can compensate, ensuring the continuity of transportation operations - Redundancy: Having multiple modes available adds redundancy to the transportation network, reducing the impact of unexpected events and enhancing overall reliability · Environmental Sustainability: - Modal Optimization: By selecting the most environmentally friendly modes for different segments of a journey, multimodal transportation can contribute to reducing the carbon footprint of the overall transportation process - Energy Efficiency: Some modes of transportation are more energy-efficient than others Utilizing a combination of modes allows for optimizing energy consumption, promoting sustainability in the transportation sector · Global Trade Facilitation: - Connectivity: Multimodal transportation enhances connectivity between regions and countries, facilitating global trade It allows for the efficient movement of goods from production centers to markets, contributing to economic growth and development - Intercontinental Transport: For international trade, multimodal transportation is often essential, as it combines various modes to cover the entire journey from manufacturing locations to ports and, eventually, to the destination country · Infrastructure Utilization: - Optimal Use of Infrastructure: Different transportation modes have specific infrastructure requirements Multimodal transportation allows for the optimal utilization of existing infrastructure, maximizing its efficiency and reducing the need for constant expansion · Urban Planning and Decongestion: - Last-Mile Solutions: Multimodal transportation is vital for urban areas, where congestion is a significant issue It allows for the integration of last-mile solutions such as bike-sharing, ride-sharing, and public transit, promoting sustainable urban mobility It can be seen that multimodal transportation plays a crucial role in optimizing efficiency, ensuring resilience, promoting sustainability, and facilitating global trade As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the significance of multimodal transportation is likely to grow, contributing to a more efficient and sustainable transportation sector II MODES OF TRANSPORTATION WITHIN MULTIMODAL SYSTEMS Railways Rail transport is a key component of multimodal transportation systems, providing an efficient and reliable mode for moving goods and passengers over long distances When integrated into a multimodal framework, railways complement other modes like road, air, and sea transport, contributing to a seamless and well-coordinated logistics network Pros and cons of Railways: Advantages Disadvantages Efficiency and Capacity: High Capacity and Energy Efficiency Limited Accessibility: Last-Mile Challenges: Reliability and Predictability: Fixed Routes and Schedules Infrequent Service: Scheduling Limitations Safety: Low Accident Rates Intermodal Interface Challenges: Transfer Cost-Effectiveness: Economies of Scale Infrastructure Investments: High Initial Costs Reduced Congestion and Environmental Impact: Decongestion and Lower Emissions Speed and Time Sensitivity: Slower Than Air Complexities Transport In conclusion, railways are integral to multimodal transportation systems, offering numerous advantages such as efficiency, capacity, and environmental sustainability However, challenges related to accessibility, scheduling, and intermodal interfaces need to be addressed to fully harness the benefits of rail transport within a multimodal framework Careful planning and coordination are essential to optimize the role of railways in a broader transportation network Maritime transport Maritime transport, often referred to as shipping or sea transport, is a vital component of multimodal transportation systems It involves the movement of goods or people by water using various types of vessels, such as ships and boats Maritime transport is an integral part of global trade and plays a key role in connecting different regions When integrated into multimodal systems, it offers unique advantages and faces specific challenges Pros and cons of Maritime transport: Advantages Disadvantages Cost-Effectiveness: Economies of Scale Speed and Time Constraints: Transit Time Global Connectivity: International Trade Facilitation Port Infrastructure Limitations: Port Congestion High Capacity: Cargo Volume Accessibility Challenges: Inland Connectivity Energy Efficiency: Fuel Efficiency Weather-Related Risks: Weather Disruptions Reduced Congestion: Decongestion of Land Routes Security Concerns: Piracy and Security Issues Environmental Benefits: Lower Carbon Emissions Environmental Impact: Marine Pollution In conclusion, maritime transport is a crucial element within multimodal transportation systems, offering cost-effective, high-capacity solutions for global trade However, careful planning is essential to address challenges related to speed, infrastructure, accessibility, weather risks, security, and environmental impact When effectively integrated into multimodal systems, maritime transport enhances the overall efficiency and resilience of the transportation network Operational Inefficiencies Lack of coordination between different transportation providers may lead to suboptimal operations Implement collaborative planning and scheduling systems to enhance coordination and optimize overall operations Financial Barriers High upfront costs and funding challenges can hinder the development of multimodal infrastructure Explore public-private partnerships (PPPs) and innovative financing mechanisms to attract private investment and share the financial burden Environmental Concerns Some transportation modes may have a higher environmental impact, contributing to pollution and climate change Promote and incentivize the use of environmentally friendly modes, such as rail and maritime transport, and invest in sustainable technologies Intermodal Cargo Handling Efficient and secure transfer of goods between modes requires specialized infrastructure Develop standardized intermodal cargo containers and invest in facilities that facilitate smooth and secure transfer, such as intermodal terminals => By addressing these challenges and implementing effective solutions, policymakers and stakeholders can contribute to the successful development and operation of a robust and integrated multimodal transportation system VI CASE STUDY CPK Airport in Poland a, Overview The Central Port Community in Poland is a strategic initiative aimed at developing a major logistics and industrial hub in the country Located in the Gdansk-Gdynia-Port area, the Central Port Community aims to create a comprehensive ecosystem that 18