TAY DO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE CROSS LINGUISTIC COMPARISON OF VIETNAMESE AND ENGLISH AND SOME COMMON PROBLEMS IN YOUR OWN CRICUMSTANCES Student Thai Ngoc Minh, Nguyen Tram Anh, Huynh Nh[.]
TAY DO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE CROSS-LINGUISTIC COMPARISON OF VIETNAMESE AND ENGLISH AND SOME COMMON PROBLEMS IN YOUR OWN CRICUMSTANCES Supervisor: Student: Dang Thi Bao Dung.Ph.D Thai Ngoc Minh, Nguyen Tram Anh, Huynh Nhat Huynh Class: English 15B November,2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dang Thi Bao Dung, for her dedicated help She always gives me valuable guidance, constructive feedback and necessary corrections with the aim of leading my harvest in the right direction Furthermore, she was willing to provide me with many references while I was conducting my research Honestly, my harvest paper could not have been completed without her encouragement and guidance COMMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS COMMENTS CHAPTER 1: AN TRODUCTION INTO ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1.1 The English language 1.2 Introduction 1.3 Alphabet 1.4 Phonology 1.5 Grammar 1.6 Vocabulary CHAPTER 2: AN TRODUCTION INTO VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE 2.1 The Vietnamese language 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Alphabet 2.4 Summary of influences 2.5 Pronunciation 2.6 Six tones 2.7 Short vowels 2.8 Grammar 2.9 Inflection 2.10 Verbs 2.11 Articles 2.12 Word order 2.13 Vocabulary CHAPTER 3: CROSS-LINGUISTIC COMPARISON OF VIETNAMESE AND ENGLISH 3.1 Phonology 3.1.1 Consonants 3.1.2 Vowels 3.2 Syllable Structure 3.3 Lexical Semantics 3.3.1 Lexical Tones 3.3.2 Lexical Function 3.3.3 Classifiers 3.3.4 Pronouns 3.3.5 Word Formation 3.3.6 Morpho-Syntax 3.4 Potential Vietnamese-English Interactions 3.4.1 Vietnamese Transfer to English 3.4.2 English Transfer to Vietnamese CHAPTER 4: SOME COMMON PRONOUNCIATION PROBLEMS FACING VIETNAMESE LEARNERS OF ENGLISH 4.1 Some common pronunciation problems in English 4.1.1 Problems with vowels 4.1.2 Problem with /i:/ versus/I/ 4.1.3 Problem with /u:/ versus /u/ 4.1.4 Problem with /e/ versus/ æ/ 4.1.5 Confusion between/l/ and /v/ 4.2 Problems with consonants 4.2.1 Problem with voiced versus voiceless stops 4.2.2 Problem between consonants /s/ and/z/ 4.2.3 Problem with /θ/ and/ ð/ 4.2.4 Problem with/p/ vs /f/ and /b/ 4.2.5 Problem with liquid/l/ and nasal/n/ 4.2.6 Consonant clusters 4.2.7 Problem with grammatical ending s 4.3 Word stress and tones 4.4 Tense and Aspect in English 4.5 Copula in English and in Vietnamese 4.5.1 The Copula in English 4.5.2 The copula in Vietnamese 4.6 Phrasal Structures in English and in Vietnamese 4.6.1 Phrasal Structures in English 4.6.2 Phrasal Structures in Vietnamese 4.7 Common Problems of Vietnamese Learners of English with Tense and Aspect, the Copula be, and Phrasal Structures 4.7.1 Common Problems with Tense and Aspect 4.7.2 Common Problems with the Copula be 4.7.3 Common Problems with Phrasal Structures REFERENCES CHAPTER 1: AN TRODUCTION INTO ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1.1 The English language It is crucial to acknowledge right once that there are various dialects or variants of English American native English speakers differ from British native English speakers in their use of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation In fact, there are spoken English variations inside Britain itself that are largely incomprehensible to one another 1.2 Introduction The Indo-European language family includes the Germanic language family, of which English is a member From Canada to New Zealand, there are more than 350 million native speakers of this language in various nations throughout the world In many more, it serves as the second or joint official language English is the most widely studied second language and the language of world politics and business 1.3 Alphabet The English alphabet consists of 26 Roman letters.They also not have diacritics like in Vietnamese and French.The exception is words imported from other languages, e.g attaché,Cliché from French However, these words are increasingly written without the diacritic, even in formal English Although the varieties of spoken English sound very different, all native- speakers use the same writing conventions A H O V 1.4 B I P W C J Q X D K R Y E L S Z F M T G N U Phonology Standard English has about 20 vowel sounds (12 pure vowel/8 dipthongs) and about 24 consanant sound Speakers os language which have fewer vowel sounds often have difficulty making a distinction between words like meet/meat; die/dye; for/four;…The same applies to the consonants cluster in many English words: bright, green, sphere Non-native speakers may say such words with an extra wowel sound or leave out the syllable altogether The pronunciation of English words such as compose, second, extra inevitably causes problem for learners who not need to use the tip of the tougue to produce words in their own language Further difficulties for learners attempting to produce spoken English that sounds natural are the unpredictapbility of English word stress, the elision of the weak syllables and the insertion of consonant (liaison) Single vowel Short vowels Long vowels Diphthongs /i/ /i:/ /ir/ or /ie/ /e/ /æ/ /er/ or /ee/ /ʊ/ /in:/ /no/ /ʌ/ /a:/ /ɑi/ /o / / ɔ :/ or /ɔ:r/ /ʊə/ or /ʊr/ /е/ / ɜ :/ / ɑʊ / / ɔ i/ / əʊ / _ Voiced consonants Voiceless consonants The remaining consonants /b/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /d/ /dʒ/ /ð/ /ʒ/ Examples: /p/ /f/ /s/ /ʃ/ /k/ /t/ /θ/ /tʃ/ /m/ /η/ /l/ /j/ /n/ /h/ /r/ /w/ Photograph – Photography (stress words) You wanna – I dunno (Elision) Fa(r) away/ mo(r)e ice English is a stress-timed language Its intonation patterns, therefore, are different from those of syllable-timed languages like French, Spanish or Hindi This accounts for the heavy English accents that many native speakers of those language retain even after years of speaking English and the acquisition of flawless grammar 1.5 Grammar In one respect English verb grammar is easy It does not have la large number of inflections such as exist in French or Russian For example, there are only forms of the regular verb to On the other hand, English does have a large number of possible tenses (verb forms); and their designations are not always helpful to the learner The past simple tense, for example, can be used to talk about the future: If I won a lot of money, I would buy a new house Many languages not have a continuous tense form, so English learners may make mistakes such as: I had a bath when the phone rang rench en in ve- ls/ ch Indeed, the most significant problem for learners is to decide which tense (verb form) is required in English to correctly express the meaning that they wish to convey A further feature of verb grammar that causes difficulties is the correct choice of modal Modal verbs are heavily used in English to convey shades of meaning in the areas of compulsion, ability, permission, possibility, hypothesis, etc