1 SPECIALIZED ENGLISH – SEMESTER 5 VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Chapter 21Chapter 21 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL Dr. Tran Thi My Dieu Sep. 2011 VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE Overview of biological wastewater Overview of biological wastewater treatment & reusetreatment & reuse CONTENTSCONTENTS Objectives of biological treatment Objectives of biological treatment & reuse& reuse VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Role of microorganism in WWT Role of microorganism in WWT Types of biological processes for WWT Types of biological processes for WWT & reuse& reuse OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE WastewaterWastewater ••Surface WaterSurface Water VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA •• WastewaterWastewater usedused OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE Accumulation of ttdWW Malodorous gas Malodorous gas generationgeneration Patho g enic Patho g enic VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA un t rea t e d WW gg microorganismsmicroorganisms Algae BloomAlgae Bloom (aquatic plants)(aquatic plants) Potential Toxic Potential Toxic CompoundsCompounds OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Domestic WWDomestic WW OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Landfill LeachateLandfill Leachate 2 OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Industrial WWIndustrial WW OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE Surface water pollutionSurface water pollution Ground water pollutionGround water pollution VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA WWWW Soil pollutionSoil pollution Air pollutionAir pollution Human health effectsHuman health effects Aquatic life effectsAquatic life effects OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE TREATTREAT REUSEREUSE VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Prevent negative Prevent negative impacts of WWimpacts of WW Reduce & Reduce & rechargerecharge OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE Necessary to protect public health & environmentNecessary to protect public health & environment Water quality and discharged WW standardsWater quality and discharged WW standards VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Benefits of reuse the treated wastewaterBenefits of reuse the treated wastewater Benefits of reuse the generated bioBenefits of reuse the generated bio solidssolids Benefits of reuse the biogas or othersBenefits of reuse the biogas or others OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE Public Health Public Health RisksRisks Viral pathogens excreted in fecesViral pathogens excreted in feces Microbial Microbial pathogenspathogens VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Virus Disease Enteroviruses (Polioviruses) Poliomyelitis, paralysis and other Hepatitis A virus Infectious hepatitis Rotaviruses Diarrhea Viral pathogens excreted in fecesViral pathogens excreted in feces OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE Public Health Public Health RisksRisks Microbial Microbial pathogenspathogens Bacterium Disease VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Pathogenic Escherichia coli Diarrhea Salmonellatyphi Typhoid fever Salmonella paratyphi Paratyphoid fever Vibrio cholerae Cholera Yersinia enteica Diarrhea &septicfemia 3 OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE Public Public Health Health RisksRisks Toxic Toxic substancesubstance ss Carcinogenic chemical Potential carcinogenic effects Potential non- carcinogenic effects VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA chemical effects carcinogenic effects Organophosphorous pesticides Neutrotoxicity, systemic poisoning Chlorinated organic compounds Liver cancer Liver damage, neurological effects Polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons Lung cancer, stomach cancer (ingested), skin cancer (dermal contact) Liver damage, dermatitis OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE Domestic usesDomestic uses VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA WW Sources?WW Sources? Industrial activitiesIndustrial activities Storm water/runoffStorm water/runoff OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE Domestic wastewater Parameter Unit Concentration pH - 6.5-7.1 SS mgO 2 /l 38 - 108 VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA SS mgO 2 /l 38 108 COD mgO 2 /l 103-245 BOD 5 mg/l 75 – 100 N-NH 3 mg/l 1.5-6.7 N tt mg/l 5.0-11.3 P tt mg/l 0.21-4.3 Coliform MPN/100 ml 230-24.10 3 OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE Parameters Unit Tau Hu-Ben Nghe Doi Te pH - 6.5 – 7.7 6.7 – 7.5 Alkalinity mgCaCO 3 /L 36 – 206 64 – 186 TDS mg/L 54 – 464 40 – 525 Characteristics of Domestic WW from Outlets along Characteristics of Domestic WW from Outlets along Tau HuTau Hu Ben Nghe, Doi Ben Nghe, Doi –– Te CanalTe Canal VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA TDS mg/L 54 464 40 525 SS mg/L 10 – 854 10 – 754 BOD 5 mg/L 65 – 900 40 – 233 COD mg/L 91 – 1,029 54 – 333 N-NH 3 mg/L 6.85 – 14.84 0.43 – 13.98 N-NO 2 - mg/L Trace – 0.26 Trace – 0.113 N-NO 3 - mg/L Trace – 0.62 Trace – 0.51 N-Org mg/L 4.45 – 16.32 3.32 – 14.72 PO 4 3- mg/L 0.57 – 3.44 0.37 – 6.63 Phenol mg/L 0.015 – o.025 0.012 – 0.023 OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE What will happen if it is not VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA What will happen if it is not treated before discharged? OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WWTOBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WWT Transform dissolved & particulate biodegradable constituents into acceptable end products Domestic wastewaterDomestic wastewater Capture & incorporate suspended and VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA nonsettleable colloidal solids into a biological floc or biofilm Transform or remove nutrients (N and P) Remove specific trace organic constituents & compounds 4 OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT Industrial wastewater Parameter Unit Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Color - White Yellow white White pH - 4.40 4.24 4.50 TDS mg/L 703 1,625 595 Acidity mg CaCO 3 /L 520 2,600 526 SS mg/L 2,900 8,600 4,920 VSS mg/L 2,360 8,200 4,740 VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA VSS mg/L 2,360 8,200 4,740 BOD 5 mg/L 7,405 19,018 7,500 COD total mg/L 9,649 27,348 11,629 COD filter mg/L 6,070 20,192 4,537 N-NH 3 mg/L 28.0 120.4 33.6 N-NO 3 - mg/L 1.11 2.29 0.80 N-Org mg/L 176 683 67 SO 4 2- mg/L Trace 6.27 7.19 PO 4 3- mg/L 32.60 11.61 35.12 CN - mg/L 24 96 24 OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT Characteristics of Leachate from Go Cat landfill Parameters Units Dry Season Rainy Season Old pH - 4.8 – 6.2 6.50 - 6.92 7.81 –7.89 TDS mg/L 7,300 – 12,200 5,011 – 6,420 6,040 – 9,145 Hd CCO /L 5 833 9 667 1 840 4250 1 260 1 720 VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA H ar d ness- total mg C a CO 3 /L 5 , 833 – 9 , 667 1 , 840 – 4250 1 , 260 – 1 , 720 SS mg/L 1,760 – 4,311 896 - 1,320 235 COD mgO 2 /L 39,614 – 59,750 6,621-31,950 1,186-1,436 VFA mg/L 21,878 – 25,182 2,822 26 BOD mgO 2 /L 30,000 – 48,000 4,554 - 25,130 200 P total mg/l 558 – 896 133 64-101 N total mg/l 974 – 1,165 484 919 SO 4 2- mg/l 1,400 – 1,590 - 14 OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WWTOBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WWT Remove or reduce concentration of organic and inorganic compounds Industrial wastewaterIndustrial wastewater Pretreatment may be required to avoid toxic to VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Pretreatment may be required to avoid toxic to microorganisms Remove nutrients (N and P) Agricultural irrigation return wastewaterAgricultural irrigation return wastewater ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT Remove dissolved and particulate carbonaceous BOD and stabilization of organic matter in WW HOW?HOW? VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Oxidize organic matters into simple end products and additional biomass xOrganic material + yO 2 + zNH 3 + tPO 4 3- uNew cells + nCO 2 + mH 2 O microorganism ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT Remove nitrogen in wastewater treatment HOW?HOW? VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Specific bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite and nitrate = nitrification process Specific bacteria reduce oxidized nitrogen to gaseous nitrogen = denitrification process ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT Remove nitrogen in wastewater treatment HOW?HOW? VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA 2NH 3 + 3O 2 2NO 2 - + 2H + + 2H 2 O Nitrosomonas 2NO 2 - + O 2 2NO 3 - Nitrobacter Nitrification 5 ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT Remove nitrogen in wastewater treatment HOW?HOW? VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA 5CH 3 OH + 6NO 3 - 3N 2 + 5CO 2 + 7H 2 O +6OH - Bacteria Denitrification ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT Remove phosphorus in wastewater treatment HOW?HOW? VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Biological processes are configured to encourage the growth of bacteria with the ability to take up and store large amounts of inorganic phosphorus TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENTFOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT MtbliMtbli Aerobic processes Anaerobic processes VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA M e t a b o li c M e t a b o li c functionfunction Anoxic p rocesses (denitrification) Facultative processes Combined aerobic/anoxic/anaerobic processes TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENTFOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT Tt tTt t Suspended-growth processes Attached g rowth p rocesses VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA T rea t men t T rea t men t processesprocesses gp Combined processes Lagoon processes TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENTFOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT Tt tTt t Biological nutrient removal Biological phosphorus removal Carbonaceous BOD removal VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA T rea t men t T rea t men t functionsfunctions Stabilization (digestion) Carbonaceous BOD removal Nitrification Denitrification Q UESTIONS Q UESTIONS VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA QQ . SEMESTER 5 VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Chapter 21Chapter 21 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL Dr. Tran Thi My Dieu Sep. 2011 VAN. – 1 , 720 SS mg/L 1,760 – 4,311 896 - 1,320 235 COD mgO 2 /L 39,614 – 59,750 6, 621- 31,950 1,186-1,436 VFA mg/L 21, 878 – 25,182 2,822 26 BOD mgO 2 /L 30,000 – 48,000 4,554 - 25,130 200 P total mg/l. DENTEMA SS mgO 2 /l 38 108 COD mgO 2 /l 103-245 BOD 5 mg/l 75 – 100 N-NH 3 mg/l 1.5-6.7 N tt mg/l 5.0-11.3 P tt mg/l 0 .21- 4.3 Coliform MPN/100 ml 230-24.10 3 OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER