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1 SPECIALIZED ENGLISH – SEMESTER 5 VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Chapter 23Chapter 23 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL Dr. Tran Thi My Dieu Sep. 2011 VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE Introduction to microbial metabolismIntroduction to microbial metabolism CONTENTSCONTENTS Carbon and energy sources for Carbon and energy sources for microbial growthmicrobial growth VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Nutrient and growth factor requirementsNutrient and growth factor requirements IS IT IMPORTANT?IS IT IMPORTANT? Basic to design or to select type of Basic to design or to select type of biological process is understanding of biological process is understanding of the biochemical activitiesthe biochemical activities VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Different microorganism use a wide Different microorganism use a wide range of electron acceptorsrange of electron acceptors CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH To continue to reproduce and function To continue to reproduce and function properlyproperly VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Energy and Energy and carboncarbon Inorganic elements Inorganic elements SubstratesSubstrates nutrients and trace nutrients and trace elementselements Growth factor (organic nutrients) CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH SynthesisSynthesis NutrientsNutrients New cellsNew cells VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Or g anic Or g anic compoundscompounds BacteriaBacteria EnergyEnergy OO 22 New cellsNew cells COCO 22 + H+ H 22 OO Bacteria metabolism: aerobic, heterotrophicBacteria metabolism: aerobic, heterotrophic CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH SynthesisSynthesis NutrientsNutrients VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Bacteria metabolism: anaerobic, heterotrophicBacteria metabolism: anaerobic, heterotrophic Organic Organic compoundscompounds SynthesisSynthesis BacteriaBacteria EnergyEnergy New cellsNew cells CHCH 44 & CO& CO 22 2 CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH COCO 22 SynthesisSynthesis NutrientsNutrients New cellsNew cells VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Bacteria metabolism: aerobic, autotrophicBacteria metabolism: aerobic, autotrophic 22 BacteriaBacteria EnergyEnergy OO 22 New cellsNew cells NONO 22 or NOor NO 33 __ NHNH 44 ++ CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH Carbon sources?Carbon sources? Organic matterOrganic matter Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Organisms use organic carbon for the formation of new biomass = heterotrophs Organisms derive cell carbon from CO 2 = autotrophs CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH Energy sources?Energy sources? Supplied by lightSupplied by light By a chemical By a chemical VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA oxidation reactionoxidation reaction Organisms use light as an energy source = phototrophs Organisms derive their energy from chemical reactions = chemotrophs CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH Energy sources?Energy sources? Heterotrophic (sulfur- di bti) VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Phototro p hic organisms re d uc i n g b ac t er i a ) Autotrophic (alage & photosynthetic bacteria) CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH Energy sources?Energy sources? Ph t t h Heterotrophic (protozoa, fungi VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Ph o t o t ro ph s Chemotrophs & most bacteria) Autotrophic (nitrifying bacteria) CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH Energy sources?Energy sources? Chemoautrophs Chemoheterotrophs VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Obtain energy from the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds as NH 3 , NO 2 - , NO 3 - , Fe 2+ , S 2- Derive energy from oxidation of organic compounds 3 NUTRIENT AND GROWTH FACTOR NUTRIENT AND GROWTH FACTOR REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS The principal inorganic nutrients needed?The principal inorganic nutrients needed? N S P K Mg Ca Fe Na and Cl VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA N , S , P , K , Mg , Ca , Fe , Na and Cl Minor nutrients of importance?Minor nutrients of importance? Zn, Mn, Mo, Se, Co, Cu and Ni NUTRIENT AND GROWTH FACTOR NUTRIENT AND GROWTH FACTOR REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS Growth factors Growth factors (1) Amino acid VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA (1) Amino acid (2) Nitrogen bases (3) Vitamins . SEMESTER 5 VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Chapter 23Chapter 23 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL Dr. Tran Thi My Dieu Sep. 2011 VAN