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HANOI METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION NGUYỄN QUỐC DŨNG BUILDING A SYSTEM OF EXERCISES TO PRACTICE THE KNOWLEDGE OF WORDS AND SENTENCES IN VIETNAMESE BOOK "KẾT NỐI TRI THỨC VỚI CUỘC SỐNG" FOR GRADE STUDENTS GRADUATION THESIS Specialization: Primary education Ha Noi, 2023 HANOI METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION NGUYỄN QUỐC DŨNG BUILDING A SYSTEM OF EXERCISES TO PRACTICE THE KNOWLEDGE OF WORDS AND SENTENCES IN VIETNAMESE BOOK "KẾT NỐI TRI THỨC VỚI CUỘC SỐNG" FOR GRADE STUDENTS GRADUATION THESIS Specialization: Primary education SUPERVISORS: M.Ed.Trần Phương Thanh – Ed.D Phạm Minh Hoa Teachers’ signature Ha Noi, 2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the implementation of the thesis, I have received guidance, help and encouragement from individuals and groups I would like to express deeply gratitude to all individuals and groups who have facilitated and helped me during my study and research I would like to express my deep gratitude to Ms Tran Phuong Thanh and Ms Pham Minh Hoa - the teachers who directly guided and encouraged me during the thesis work With the enthusiastic guidance and help, Ms Tran Phuong Thanh gave me good directions and useful documents for me to complete this research I would like to express my sincerest thanks to the Board of Directors of Hanoi Metropolitan University, the Board of Directors of the Faculty of Education, the teachers in the Pedagogical Department of the Faculty of Education for creating favorable conditions for me during my study and thesis research Although I have tried very hard, the thesis cannot avoid shortcomings, I hope to receive the suggestions of teachers and students to make my thesis more complete, contributing to the thesis treasure of the country Hanoi, May 2023 Thesis author Nguyen Quoc Dung DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby declare that this is my own research work, supported by my supervisor, MSc Tran Phuong Thanh and Dr Pham Minh Hoa The research contents and research results in this topic are completely honest and have never been published in any previous research work If any fraud is found, we take full responsibility Hanoi, May 2023 Thesis author Nguyen Quoc Dung CONTENTS Research rationales 10 Literature review 12 Research objectives 14 Research mission 14 Research methods 15 Research structure 16 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF THE TOPIC 17 1.1 Theoretical basis 17 1.1.1 Some basic concepts of the topic 17 1.1.1.1 Exercises 17 1.1.1.2 The system of exercises 17 1.1.1.3 Words Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1.1.4 Sentences Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1.2 Vietnamese textbook in grade series "Kết nối tri thức với sống" (Connecting Knowledge with Life) 23 1.1.2.1 General introduction to Vietnamese textbook in grade – Connecting Knowledge with Life 23 1.1.2.2 Compilation Perspective 23 1.1.2.3 Structure of Vietnamese textbook –Connecting Knowledge with Life textbook 24 1.1.3 Overview of words and sentences in Vietnamese textbook – Connecting Knowledge with Life 24 1.2 Practical basis 31 1.2.1 Surveying the teaching of words and sentences and the use of exercise systems by primary school teachers 31 1.2.2 Survey on learning words and sentences and the use of exercise worksheets by primary school students 35 SUB-CONCULSION OF CHAPTER 38 CHAPTER 2: THE EXERCISE SYSTEM FOR PRACTICING WORD AND SENTENCE KNOWLEDGE IN THE VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE TEXTBOOK SERIES (CONNECTING KNOWLEDGE WITH LIFE) 39 2.1 The criteria for developing the exercise system to enhance word and sentence knowledge in the Vietnamese language textbook series Connecting Knowledge with Life 39 2.1.1 The principles for developing the exercise system to enhance word and sentence knowledge in the Vietnamese language textbook series Connecting Knowledge with Life 39 2.1.2 2.2 Requirements for the exercise system 41 System of exercises for developing vocabulary and sentence skills in the subject of Vietnamese "Connecting Knowledge with Life" 43 2.2.1 The level of the exercise system for practicing vocabulary and sentence 43 2.2.2 System of exercises for expanding vocabulary based on topics 44 2.2.3 The system of vocabulary meaning exercises 47 2.2.4 The system of sentence types excercise 62 2.2.5 The system of punctuation exercises 80 2.2.5 Exercise System on Poetic Devices 90 SUB -CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 94 CHAPTER 3: EDUCATIONAL EXPERIMENT 95 3.1 Objectives 95 3.2 Subjects, Time, and Location 95 3.3 Content 96 3.4 Procedure 96 3.4.1 Experimental Objectives: 96 3.4.2 Experimental Process 96 3.4.4.1 Experiment Preparation 96 3.4.4.2 Assessment and evaluation of the experimental process 97 3.5 Results 98 SUB-CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 102 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 103 Conclusion 103 Recommendations 104 APPENDIXES 106 Survey on the use of the vocabulary and sentence exercise system in the grade Vietnamese textbook series "connecting knowledge with life 106 2.Survey on common challenges faced by teachers in teaching vocabulary and sentence exercises to students using the textbook series "Connecting knowledge with life” 108 3Student survey (For control class) 109 4.Student survey (For experimental class) 110 5.Lesson plan: Luyện tập: Mở rộng vốn từ việt nam – câu cảm 111 REFERENCES 118 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES List of Tables Table Name Page The circuit of knowledge about words and sentences – 1.1 1.2 Vietnamese book – Kết nối tri thức với sống Three types of sentences: Introductory sentences, Activity sentences, Characteristic sentences 28 30 The results of the survey on the status of teaching words and 1.3 1.4 sentences and the use of exercise systems by teachers Difficulties faced by teachers when teaching words and 35 35 sentences to primary school students 1.5 The results of the survey on the status of learning words and 36 sentences and the use of exercise systems by students Evaluating the students' performance in completing 3.1 3.2 assignments Evaluation Chart for the Difficulty Level of Vocabulary and 96 98 Sentence Practice Exercises Evaluation Chart for the Difficulty Level of Vocabulary and Sentence Practice Exercises 3.3 The results of the score for the "Luyện tập – Câu cảm" exercises of class 3A3 students 99 3.4 Surveying the opinions of students on their desire to continue 100 doing exercises to practice vocabulary and sentence structure in both the experimental and control class List of Figures Figure 3.1 Name The chart assessing students' interest in class Page 97 INTRODUCTION Research rationales The practicing of vocabulary and sentences is extremely important and necessary for every school In the academic years 2020-2021, 2021-2022, 2022-2023, the entire education sector implemented the task: based on the guidelines of the Ministry of Education and Training, localities developed teaching plans to ensure the completion of the Elementary Education Program; enhancing suitable forms of teaching according to the guidance of the Ministry of Education and Training This is also the third academic year in which the Education sector has implemented the 2018 General Education Program for grades and 2, and the first year of implementing this program for grade 3; implementing the contents according to Resolution No 88/2014/QH13 of the National Assembly, Directive No 16/CT-TTg of the Prime Minister on renovating the curriculum, ensuring the quality, effectiveness, and proper schedule of textbooks for general education For grade students, the Ministry of Education and Training has approved three Vietnamese language textbooks for school use: "Tiếng Việt - Kết nối tri thức với sống" (Connecting Knowledge with Life); "Chân trời sáng tạo" (Horizon of Creativity) (published by Vietnam Education Publishing House); and "Cánh diều" (Kite) (published by Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Publishing House) "Tiếng Việt - Kết nối tri thức với sống" implements the main innovative ideas throughout the textbook compilation by Vietnam Education Publishing House: Easy to teach - Easy to learn - Suitable for students The knowledge in the textbooks should not only be understood and memorized but also serve as important "materials" to help students develop the qualities and abilities they need in life Following "Tiếng Việt 1" and "Tiếng Việt 2," "Tiếng Việt 3" accompanies students in practicing and reinforcing their reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills in Vietnamese; it helps students become more confident in learning and communication The lessons, with beautiful images and clear language, will take students to new horizons with many useful and interesting things The textbook series incorporates the latest achievements in textbook 10 compilation from developed countries and inherits the experience of teaching Vietnamese in Vietnam; it helps teachers and students effectively implement language teaching through communication activities in natural and familiar contexts with daily life Vietnamese is one of the most important and necessary subjects in primary school In addition to learning mathematics to develop logical thinking for children, learning Vietnamese helps them shape and develop their language skills Through the Vietnamese language, children learn how to communicate and express their thoughts and emotions accurately and expressively The importance of Vietnamese in primary school also aims to cultivate essential soft skills and life skills for children The content of life skills is integrated into all subjects of the curriculum These skills mainly include communication skills, self-awareness, creative thinking skills, decision-making skills, self-control skills, and more Through these skills, children will be able to recognize the good values in life, assess themselves correctly to gain confidence, self-esteem, and continuously strive for academic and personal growth in both learning and life In the primary school Vietnamese curriculum, the content of Word and Sentence Practice holds an important position in developing students' listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills Its task is to enrich students' vocabulary and equip them with knowledge about words and sentences Words and sentences play a crucial role in the spoken and written language system When teaching Word and Sentence Practice, we must aim for three main objectives: providing students with a wider vocabulary, helping them use words accurately, and teaching them to use Vietnamese words appropriately in everyday communication according to context and purpose Aligning with the educational innovation, when teaching Word and Sentence Practice, teachers need to adopt new teaching approaches, organize diverse and rich teaching activities and exercises that contribute to developing students' vocabulary and language skills in communication Therefore, there is a need to build 11 a system of high-quality exercises to enhance knowledge of words and sentences, which has attracted the attention of researchers and resulted in the development of supplementary exercise books designed for the curriculum Based on the above reasons and the current social context, we have decided to choose the topic: "BUILDING A SYSTEM OF EXERCISES TO PRACTICE THE KNOWLEDGE OF WORDS AND SENTENCES IN VIETNAMESE BOOK "KẾT NỐI TRI THỨC VỚI CUỘC SỐNG" FOR GRADE STUDENTS.” Literature review Based on summarizing and synthesizing the research documents of predecessors, I conducted a study of the research history of the topic from the perspective of the system of exercises in teaching Vietnamese It can be said that the system of exercises has appeared in textbooks for a long time, and all textbooks have exercises Therefore, the system of exercises in teaching to train students has long been a concern of many educators both inside and outside the country In the book "Teaching Method Vietnamese in Primary Education" by authors Lê Phương Nga and Nguyễn Trí (1999), published by the National University Press in Hanoi, it is asserted that "Words and sentences play a particularly important role in the language system The role of words and sentences in the language system determines the significance of teaching the Content of Word and Sentence Practice in primary education." The task of practicing vocabulary and sentences is to enrich students' vocabulary and develop their ability to use words and construct sentences; it also provides them with some knowledge about words and sentences In Vietnam, teaching and using the system of exercises have also been emphasized in documents on teaching methods and techniques The research work The book "Teaching Method Positive Education" by author Nguyen Ky emphasizes “the role of teachers as guides and directors for students to discover knowledge on 12 their own, along with the method of finding knowledge and self-assessment” To achieve this, an effective system of exercises must be applied The author also quotes a German philosopher: "The best way to understand is to do," and emphasizes the idea that "doing gradually leads to knowing how to do." Thus, the importance of learning and practicing is clearly demonstrated through the system of exercises in training students The authors of the " Teaching Method Vietnamese" textbook when mentioning and determining that exercises play a very important role in the teaching process and training students' skills in using words and sentences in particular and Vietnamese in general: " Through guiding students in doing exercises and the process of their exercise completion, teachers assess the results of their teaching activities, while students reinforce their knowledge and truly develop their skills in using Vietnamese.", The textbook provides specific examples of each type of exercise according to each subject In addition, when building the Vietnamese exercises system, in his thesis “The system of exercises aims to cultivate language proficiency for primary school students.”, author Le Huu Thinh developed some principles for building the system of exercises to train language ability for primary school students: "Firstly, it is essential to ensure the systematic nature of the exercises Secondly, attention must be paid to exploring the language proficiency of students in Vietnamese in general and specifically in vocabulary Thirdly, the content of the exercises should meet the demands of innovation in teaching methods” Thus, the research has partly confirmed the importance of a good Vietnamese exercise system to meet the above three criteria Based on the above research, and the current practical situation, many books on exercise systems have been developed: The system of vocabulary expansion exercises based on topics for 2nd-grade students by author Đặng Thị Phấn; The workbook "Tiếng Việt - tập 1, tập 2: Kết nối tri thức với sống" (Connecting Knowledge with Life) and the exercise book "Bài tập phát triển lực học Tiếng 13 Việt 3" (Exercises for Developing Vietnamese Language Skills) by Dr Phạm Văn Công has promptly responded to the needs and contributed to preparing teachers to receive the new program in the most convenient way for building a system of exercises to practice words and sentences for grade students For Primary level, the system of word and sentence exercises has provided some basic understanding of vocabulary and sentences along with teaching methods to develop competencies and competency assessment tests The material is fully relevant to the current context of our country when schools are using new textbooks in teaching and teaching The system of word and sentence exercises will teach children how to communicate and behave appropriately in relationships with relatives, with the community and with the natural environment, know how to live positively, take initiative in all conditions and circumstances These are also topics in the 3rd grade Vietnamese textbook (Kết nối tri thức với sống) Therefore, my topic aims to build a system of word and sentence exercises according to the knowledge circuit of Vietnamese textbook - Kết nối tri thức với sống Research objectives - Understand the new Vietnamese language curriculum for primary education and the textbook "Kết nối tri thức với sống" (Connecting Knowledge with Life) Grade - Develop a system of exercises to practice vocabulary and sentences based on the knowledge framework and use appropriate teaching methods and materials Research mission - Survey and analyze the content of the "Luyện từ câu" (Vocabulary and Sentences Practice) section in the Vietnamese textbook "Kết nối tri thức với sống" Grade - Review relevant documents and articles related to the textbook "Kết nối tri thức với sống" Grade and specifically the "Luyện từ câu" section - Review literature on teaching methods and techniques in general and Vietnamese language teaching in particular 14 - Identify suitable exercises to support teaching and learning in the "Luyện từ câu" section - Study the characteristics, lesson structure, and content of the "Luyện từ câu" section in the textbook "Kết nối tri thức với sống" Grade to develop appropriate exercise systems - Investigate the current situation of teaching the "Luyện từ câu" section in the Vietnamese textbook "Kết nối tri thức với sống" Grade in primary schools - Propose the development of an exercise system to support teaching and learning of vocabulary and sentences in the textbook "Kết nối tri thức với sống" Grade 3, using an active teaching method focused on student competency development (according to the 2018 general education curriculum) .Research subject and scope of study In this thesis, we only focus on: / - General Education Program 2018, Vietnamese Language Grade 3, and the textbook "Kết nối tri thức với sống" Grade - Exercise system for vocabulary and sentences based on the textbook "Kết nối tri thức với sống" Grade - Time: From September 2022 to May 2023 - Location: Vinschool Timecity T36 Primary School - Students in Grade Research methods - The method of theoretical synthesis: reading relevant literature and articles related to the topic, then synthesizing the arguments presented in those sources - The method of survey, investigation, and statistics: identifying the new points in the content of "Luyện từ câu" (Practicing Vocabulary and Sentence) in the book "Tiếng Việt - Kết nối tri thức với sống" (Vietnamese - Connecting Knowledge with Life) Additionally, this method is also used to survey practical situations and related issues when teaching the content of vocabulary and sentence practice 15 - The method of enumeration: listing the content of vocabulary and sentence practice in the book "Tiếng Việt - Kết nối tri thức với sống" (Vietnamese - Connecting Knowledge with Life) Listing the types of exercises used in teaching Vietnamese, especially those related to teaching vocabulary and sentences - The method of comparison and contrast: used to study and compare the learning outcomes of the experimental group and the control group - The method of analysis and synthesis: analyzing and synthesizing the research results achieved in the thesis - The experimental method: used in organizing experiments for the various types of exercises in the developed exercise system Research structure Apart from the Introduction and Conclusion, the thesis also includes the following content: Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical basis of the topic Chapter 2: The exercise system for practicing word and sentence knowledge in the Vietnamese language textbook series "Kết nối tri thức với sống" (Connecting Knowledge with Life) Chapter 3: Educational experiments 16 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF THE TOPIC 1.1 Theoretical basis 1.1.1 Some basic concepts of the topic 1.1.1.1Exercises Exercises are compiled, constructed, and selected appropriately to match specific and clear content They meet the teaching needs of the instructors and serve as a means for teachers to achieve their teaching objectives with their students To solve exercises, students need to apply logical reasoning based on the knowledge they have learned and apply them according to the difficulty levels of the exercises They use concepts, theories, and mathematical operations while being able to classify exercises to apply knowledge and find effective and rational solutions Exercises are one or multiple tasks assigned by teachers to students to complete during or outside of class The given exercises usually include preparation for lessons and review of previously learned knowledge The basic purpose of assigning exercises is to practice and master a skill, reinforce the knowledge learned in class, prepare for upcoming lessons or exams, or help students enhance their knowledge According to the Education Curriculum, "Exercises are constructed and selected based on the principle of progressing from easy to difficult, from reproduction to creation" (Trần Thị Tuyết Anh, 2015, 218) Additionally, exercises are learning tasks assigned by teachers to students, presented in the form of questions or activity requirements that compel students to reproduce knowledge, solve problems based on what they already know, or connect various knowledge to solve problems using new approaches Through completing exercises, students grasp knowledge, develop and improve their skills 1.1.1.2The system of exercises According to the research article "Developing a System of Cognitive Capacity Enhancement Exercises for High School Physics Students" (Quách Nguyễn Bảo 17 Nguyên, 2020, 23), a system of exercises is a collection of various exercises arranged in a purposeful sequence Typically, to ensure the scientific nature of the cognitive process, the system of exercises is arranged in order from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, and from individual knowledge to synthesized knowledge in order to train and develop specific skills for students In the book "Traditional Teaching Methods and Innovations," it is emphasized that "the learning process can be seen as solving a diverse system of exercises In reality, the effectiveness and satisfaction of a lesson, a class hour, meeting the requirements of enhancing students' active and creative participation, largely depend on an interesting and well-compiled system of exercises" (Thái Duy Tuyên, 2010, 223) As stated above, the system of Vietnamese exercises is considered one of the content units that guide the teaching of Vietnamese Through the construction of exercises and the guidance provided by teachers, as well as the process of students' exercise completion, teachers can assess the results of their teaching activities, while students can reinforce their recently acquired Vietnamese knowledge and master the skills of using the language Currently, there is an increasing emphasis on developing students' vocabulary and sentence structures, so the design and construction of exercise systems are closely linked to the goal of developing and enhancing students' communication abilities This goes beyond merely assessing and evaluating students; it also serves as a daily practice for students to use words and sentences, expanding their vocabulary According to the 2018 General Education Program, teaching Vietnamese follows the principle of developing four communication skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing Therefore, when constructing an exercise system based on the progression of vocabulary and sentence structures, specific directions are needed 1.1.1.3 Words According to author Nguyễn Thiện Giáp in the textbook "Introduction to Linguistics Lexicology: "A word is a readily available unit in language and the 18 smallest meaningful unit Therefore, a word has a stable structure, carries complete meaning, and is used to form sentences Words can serve as names of objects, indicate activities, states, qualities, etc Words are tools for humans to represent concepts in relation to reality” (Nguyễn Thiện Giáp, 2007, 60) For example: người, nhà, sông, núi, (people, house, river, mountain, ) In linguistics, words are studied at various levels, including morphology, word structure, phonetics, syntax, and stylistics Consequently, words are recognized with different structures and functions Firstly, regarding the function of words: Words are units used to form sentences Based on this characteristic, we can differentiate words from phonemes Phonemes can function independently to form sentences and are referred to as single words For example, the word "nhà trường" (school) consists of two words: nhà + trường Secondly, concerning the structure of words: Among all the units used to form sentences, words are the smallest units This allows us to distinguish words from higher-level units, such as phrases or clauses For example: "Chiều chiều, em thả diều." (In the afternoon, I go out to fly a kite.)This sentence consists of words: chiều chiều, em, đi, thả, diều Most of the words in Vietnamese have meanings, such as: nhà, bố, mẹ, vui, xinh, but there are words that not mean such as: “nhảu” in the word "nhanh nhảu", "tắn" in the word "tươi tắn", Words can be classified according to their grammatical structure based on the number of syllables in the word Here are the types of words mentioned: Từ đơn (Single word): Consists of one syllable Examples: cá (fish), chim (bird), giường (bed), hoa (flower), lúa (rice), 19 Từ phức (Compound word): Consists of two or more words Examples: cháu (descendants), già yếu (elderly), sách giáo khoa (textbook), Compound words can be further classified into two types: compound words and reduplicated words Từ ghép (Compound words): Created by combining words that have a semantic relationship Examples: ông bà (grandparents), xe máy (motorbike), xinh đẹp (beautiful), vui tươi (happy), Từ láy (Reduplicated words): Words with repeated syllables or sounds Examples: lấp lánh, loắt choắt, đau đáu, lác đác, sành sanh, 1.1.1.4 Sentences A sentence is a grammatical unit consisting of one or more words linked together in a grammatical structure It is created through thinking and communication, carries communicative value, and is closely associated with a specific communicative purpose A sentence may include grouped words to express an assertion, a question, an exclamation, a request, a command, or a suggestion It is typically marked with a period or the corresponding punctuation at the end Example: - Mặt trời mọc đằng đông (- The sun rises in the east.) - Cậu cho tớ mượn bút không?( - Can you lend me a pen?) - Hôm trời đẹp quá! (- It is beautiful day!) Apart from the main components and subordinate components, a sentence may also contain parenthetical elements Parenthetical elements are often used to express emotions, indicate the speaker's confidence in the discussed matter, establish relationships between communicators, or provide additional information about a particular object or phenomenon There are four basic types of parenthetical elements: 20
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