An investigation into translation procedures of similes and ellipsis in english translational ver

THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES PHẠM THỊ TUYẾT NGÂN D aN D oc H AN INVESTIGATION INTO TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF SIMILES AND ELLIPSIS IN ENGLISH TRANSLATIONAL VERSIONS FROM THEIR VIETNAMESE SHORT STORIES g an Major: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS Code: 8220201 MASTER THESIS IN LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL STUDIES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES (A SUMMARY) Da Nang, 2021 The thesis has been completed at University of Foreign Language Studies, The University of Da Nang Supervisor: LÊ TẤN THI, Ph.D Examiner 1: Assoc.Prof.Dr Phạm Thị Hồng Nhung D Examiner 2: Dr Ngũ Thiện Hùng H g an aN D oc The thesis will be orally defended at the Examining Committee Time: 29th January 2021 Venue: University of Foreign Language Studies - The University of Da Nang This thesis is available for purpose of reference at: - Library of University of Foreign Languages Studies, The University of Da Nang - The Center for Learning Information Resources and Communication – The University of Da Nang Chapter One INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE An anthology of contemporary prose - Love After War titled in English It was published by Curbstone, America and released worldwide through the Internet, then the San Francisco Chronicle reports voted as one of the 100 best books of 2003 This is the first time Vietnam's literature introduces himself to the world with the D most confident way In this anthology, we recognize the big names of contemporary prose from Vietnam While reading Vietnamese H short stories and their English translational equivalents in “Love oc After War”, it is noticed that many stylistic devices are used such as simile, ellipsis etc They seem to be very effective in bringing D miracles to Vietnamese short stories Due to these rhetorical devices, aN the language is peeled off, wearing a new cloak which is more beautiful, more charming and of course meaningful an In order to create favorable conditions for those who want to g understand more about how Vietnamese stylistic devices are translated into English in the translational version “Love After War”, I decided to choose the topic entitled “An Investigation into Translation Procedures of Similes and Ellipsis in English Translational Versions from Vietnamese Short Stories‟ 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.2.1 Aims 1.2.2 Objectives 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS What are procedures for translating simile in Vietnamese short stories into English in “Love After War”? What are procedures for translating ellipsis in Vietnamese short stories into English in “Love After War”? What are the occurrence frequencies of procedures for D translating simile and ellipsis in Vietnamese short stories into English in “Love After War” H 1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY D oc 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Chapter Two aN LITERARURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACK GROUND g an 2.1 PREVIOUS STUDIES In Vietnamese as well as in English language, some researches on stylistic devices and translation of stylistic devices include “ 99 phương tiện biện pháp tu từ tiếng Việt” by Đinh Trọng Lạc (1996), “ Stylistics” by Galperin, I R (1977), “A Text book of translation ” by Newmark, P (1988) In reference with the dissertations, some theses related to the research are referred to All of these studies could be used as the valuable reference for my research However, there has been so far no research into the stylistic devices, i.e simile and ellipsis used in Vietnamese short stories and their English translational equivalents in “Love After War” This is the reason why I have decided on the research 2.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.2.1 Stylistic Devices Stylistics studies the special media of language which are called stylistic devices and expressive means Expressive means and stylistic devices form three large groups of phonetic, lexical, D syntactical means and devices Each group is further subdivided according to the principle, purpose and function of a mean or a oc H device in an utterance 2.2.2 Translation procedures The following are the different translation procedures that D are proposed by Newmark (1988b: 83, 114) and the examples are aN quoted from Nguyen Thi Hong Ha (2018) They include synonymy, shifts or transpositions, compensation, reduction, paraphrase, an literal, expansion, explanation Vietnamese Simile and Ellipsis into English g 2.2.3 Syntactic Structures related to the Translation of Like other units of language in both languages, the translation of simile as well as ellipsis as stylistic devices in Vietnamese into English can be transformed by means of syntactic structures The English structural equivalents of Vietnamese simile and ellipsis can be a syntactic category or a phrase, such as a noun, adjective or verb phrases; or a sentence, i.e simple, complex or compound in positive, negative or interrogative forms in active or even passive Thanks to decoding the meaning of English translational equivalents of Vietnamese simile and ellipsis in such syntactic constructions, translation procedures can be identified 2.2.4 Overview of Co-translators and the Book In these sections, we mention the brief bibliographies of the co-translators Wayne Karlin and Hồ Anh Thái, the translational version itself „Love after War‟ and especially opinions of some authors about the translational version „Love After War‟ D Chapter Three METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES H oc 3.1 RESEARCH METHODS In order to reach the goal of the study, we carried out our D investigation based on the qualitative and quantitative methods aN The combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches was applied to collect, classify the data on Vietnamese stylistic an devices, i.e simile and ellipsis in Vietnamese short stories and their g English translational equivalents in “Love After War” And then on basis of translation theories, we analyzed and pointed out the translation procedures for rendering these Vietnamese stylistics devices into English 3.2 DATA COLLECTION Among 50 Vietnamese short stories and their English translational equivalents in “Love After War”, 13 Vietnamese short stories and their translated versions were chosen at random for our research because they are among the short stories that could be downloaded from the internet In terms of sampling, 86 samples were totally collected from 13 Vietnamese short stories mentioned above and 86 English translational versions of theirs Among these samples, there were 35 samples related to the simile in the source language and the same number in the target language and 51 samples in association with Vietnamese ellipsis and the equivalent quantity in English D translational version 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS Data analysis was carried out based on the theories of H stylistic devices and the theories of translation The collected data oc were identified and grouped into categories depending on the D stylistic devices, i.e simile and ellipsis found in Vietnamese short War” 3.4 RESEARCH PROCEDURES g an aN stories and their English translational equivalents in “Love After (i) collecting samples of simile and ellipsis as stylistic devices in 13 Vietnamese short stories and finding their English translational equivalents in “Love After War” (ii) classifying, comparing, analyzing, discussing and finding the results of simile and ellipsis in the source language as well in the target one in terms of both quantity and quality and in order to find the procedures for rending these stylistic devices into English (iii) giving some suggestion for translating, teaching and learning 3.5 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY On the basis of methodology and procedures, the research result is significant, highly practical and really valid CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION D 4.1 TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF VIETNAMESE SIMILE INTO ENGLISH H 4.1.1 Translation Procedures of Vietnamese Simile with 4.1.1.1 Literal D oc Marker ‘như’ into English Literal translation ranges from one word to one word through aN group to group, collocation to collocation, clause to clause, to sentence to sentence an Syntactically, the structure of Vietnamese or English similes g can be constructed as the simile device plus the immediately preceding or following components that form a syntactic structure or sentence element of complete meaning Properly, the Vietnamese simile device „như‟ is preceded by an adjective and followed by a noun or noun phrase In terms of translation procedure, the structure of Vietnamese simile device „như‟ is literally rendered into English (a1) Adj + + N(P) => Adj + as + N(P) The Vietnamese simile in my research is rendered into English by means of the English simile as For example: [4.1a] “Tối hôm qua lưỡi hai đứa lại kẹo môi dính Tơi khơng gỡ mơi để nhắc chuyện cưới xin, biết lần hôn cuối.” (Phạm Thị Hoài:6) [4.1b] Last night our tongues had again been sweet as honey candy and our lips matched fine I didn‟t free my lips to talk about marriage I knew it would be our last kiss (Wayne Karlin and Hồ D Anh Thái:362) Syntactically, the preposition of simile as in English is followed by noun or noun equivalents, i.e noun phrases or gerund H Table 4.1 Procedures of Translating Vietnamese Simile with Marker oc „như‟ into English English Translation Equivalents Procedures aN D Vietnamese Simile Adj + as + N(P) V + + N(P) V + as + N(P) V/ N + + Pro V/ N + like + Pro V + + Cl V + like + N(P) g Adj + + Pro Literal an Adj + + N(P) That + Adj N + + Pro That‟s + N(P) V + + Adj V + Adv (V/ Cl) + + Cl as if + elliptical Cl Adj + + N(P) Adj + Ø V/ Adj + + v (V/ Adj) + Ø + N + N + Adv Shift Reduction Vietnamese Simile V + + Cl English Translation Equivalents Procedures V [V-ing Cl]+ as if + Cl Adj + + NP Expansion Adv + as + Cl Adj + + N(P)/ Cl as + Adj + as + N(P)/Cl Verb/Adj + + Cl Adj + as if + Cl V + + Cl V + as + Cl + Adv V + + Pro Synonym Paraphrase V + Adv D In consequence, the translation procedures in English that can be employed to render the structure of Vietnamese simile device H „như‟ into English include: literal, shift, reduction, explanation, synonym and paraphrase oc 4.1.2 Translation Procedures of Vietnamese Simile with 4.1.2.3 Compensation aN D Marker ‘hơn’ into English It occurs when loss of meaning in, one part of a sentence is P (1988:90) g an compensated in another part, or in a contiguous sentence Newmark, This procedure is used when there is a loss of meaning, sound effect or pragmatic effect in one part of sentence One such loss is compensated in another part, or in a contiguous sentence (c1) V + => V + more than + [NP] [4.31a] Trên vạt đát phảng người ta dựng lên ba dãy lớp học làm gianh tre nứa có phẩn giống trại ni bị Khu nhà giáo viên gán kề lợp ngói, vách trát “toocsi” mưa xuống dột nhiều (Nguyễn Huy Thiệp:3) 10 4.1.3 Translation Procedures of Vietnamese Simile with Marker ‘nhất’ into English 4.1.3.2 Expansion (b1) Adj => The most Adj & Adj [4.35a] Mình phải hầu hạ chúng đời, chúng phải hầu vài năm Chả tuổi hầu hạ cụ tơi rồi"Tơi nghe ơng anh rể nói muốn bật kêu lên: "Anh ơi, anh người đàn ơng chung tình D ước bọn em tốt anh (Nguyễn Khải:5) [4.35b] “We served our children all their lives; now they have to H serve us It‟s only for a few years anyway; at our age we‟re nearly oc ready to go to the other world and serve our ancestors.” Hearing my cousin-in law‟s words, I wanted to say: “My dear cousin; you are the D most faithful and generous man in the world I only wish I could be aN like you.” (Wayne Karlin and Hồ Anh Thái:550) In the above example, the adjective generous in the English an translational version is expanded in g comparison with the source language text 11 Table 4.3 Procedures of Translating Vietnamese Simile with Marker „nhất‟ into English Vietnamese Simile Adj + English Translation Equivalents Procedures The most Adj N + Adj + The Adj-est + N Adj + Literal The irregular superlative The most Adj & Adj Expansion D Adj In consequence, in order to transfer the structure of H Vietnamese simile device „nhất‟ into English, in our research, the reduction and expansion D oc following three the translation procedures can be used; i.e literal, Among English transferring equivalents of the Vietnamese aN similes in terms of syntactic structures, the Vietnamese simile device an is most varied with 17 different structures in the source language and the same number in the target language It shows the g highest proportion of 63.1% The second is the Vietnamese simile with a rate of 22.3% (6 different structures) The lowest percentage is the Vietnamese simile It makes up 14.6% with different structures 12 Table 4.4 The Occurrence Frequencies of Procedures of Translating Vietnamese Simile into English Translation Occurrences Rates Literal 10 28.6% Shift 14.3% Reduction 20% Expansion 17.2% Synonym 8.6% Paraphrase 5.7% Explanation 2.8% Compensation 2.8% 35 100% Procedures oc H D Total g an aN D 4.1.4 Summary In respect to the English translational equivalents of the structures of Vietnamese simile device như, and nhất, various translation procedures, i.e literal, shift, reduction, explanation, synonym, compensation, expansion and paraphrase are used for the effectiveness of translation It is thanks to the characteristics of syntactic structures as well as their meaning in both languages that translation procedures are applied for the analysis of the translation As we have discussed, the translation procedures for English structural equivalents of the structures of Vietnamese similes are varied The Vietnamese simile structures that include the simile devices như, hơn, are structurally transferred into English so that the meaning in the target language is as much identical with the source language as possible With regard to the occurrence 13 frequencies of translation procedure are used to render the structure 4.2 TRANSLATION oc H D of Vietnamese similes như, and into English, the literal translation procedure accounts for the highest proportion of 28.6% The second rank is reduction that has the rate of 20 % The procedures expansion and shift procedures are slightly lower than reduction which makes up 17.2% and 14.3%, respectively The translation procedure synonym amounts to 8.6% The procedure paraphrase stands at just 5.7% The procedures explanation and compensation share the lowest percentage of 2.8% It can be predicted that literal is one of the effective ways that can be applied for transferring a Vietnamese ellipsis structure into English one As a result, the least favorable translation procedure which is employed in order to translate a Vietnamese ellipsis structure into English could be compensation PROCEDURES OF VIETNAMESE D ELLIPSIS INTO ENGLISH aN 4.2.1 Translation procedures of Vietnamese Adjective 4.2.1.2 Paraphrase g (b1) Adj P => Simple sentence an Phrases as Ellipsis into English Simple sentence is chosen as the English structural equivalent of the Vietnamese adjective phrase as ellipsis, for example: [4.40a] Những ngày không làm chủ thân Cáu kỉnh, nóng nảy đột ngột chán chường Tuấn ngủ gà ngủ gật Cịn Mi, bạn gái thân tơi nhìn qua cửa sổ xe (Lê Minh Khuê:1) 14 [4.40b] On such days, people lose control of themselves They often become bad tempered, restless, and unreasonably depressed Tuan was nodding off and Mi, my close friend, was looking out the window of the car (Wayne Karlin and Hồ Anh Thái:119) Table 4.5 Procedures of Translating Vietnamese Adjective Phrases as Ellipsis into English Vietnamese English Equivalents Translation Adjectives as Procedures D Ellipsis Adj P Adj P Literal P + Adj H Exclamatory word + Adj oc Simple sentence Adj P + tag question? Paraphrase Adj P Synonym Simple sentence Adj P Simple sentence Adj P Ø g an Adj P Sentence element aN Adj P D Simple sentence Expansion Reduction Consequently, the Vietnamese adjective phrase as ellipsis can be transferred into English structural equivalents as shown in the above Table 4.5 by means of the translation procedures such as literal, paraphrase, synonym, expansion and reduction 4.2.2 Translation procedures of the Vietnamese Verb Phrases as Ellipsis into English 15 4.2.2.2 Synonym (b1) VP => Simple sentence The English translation procedure synonym of the Vietnamese verbs or verb phrases as ellipsis can be conveyed via the following English structure simple sentence [4.49a] Sáng hôm sau đến quan sớm Ơng giám đốc cơng ty báo tin đồ án thiết kế nhóm chúng tơi chấp nhận Cơng ty ba triệu Dự định thưởng cho nhóm triệu (Lê Minh D Khuê:8) [4.49b] The next morning, I went to the office early The director of our agency told us that our design project had been approved and H we‟d receive three million He was planning to award one of those oc millions to our group (Wayne Karlin and Hồ Anh Thái:134) D Table 4.6 Procedures of Translating Vietnamese Verb Phrases as Vietnamese Verb English Equivalents Ellipsis PP Simple sentence Complex sentence VP? VP Procedures g VP VP Translation an Phrases as aN Ellipsis into English Simple sentence? Synonym Yes ? Relative clause Complex sentence Paraphrase 16 Vietnamese Verb English Equivalents Phrases as Translation Procedures Ellipsis Simple sentence VP VP V N VP Simple sentence Shift D VP VP Simple sentence Explanation Ø Reduction H VP Literal Complex sentence As a result, the English Syntactic equivalents of the oc Vietnamese verb phrases as ellipsis can be seen in the above Table D 4.6 by means of the translation procedures such as synonym, aN paraphrase, literal, shift, explannation and reduction 4.2.3 Translation procedures of Vietnamese Noun Phrases as g 4.2.3.1 Shift an Ellipsis into English As mentioned in the discussion of the translation procedure of shift in the section of Verbal Constructions as Ellipsis, shift that is also called transposition can be classified into unit shift, class shift and so forth, for instance (a1) NP => Simple sentence [4.64a] Tơi chăm nhìn móng tay dài cáu bẩn, nhìn ruồi to tướng miệng lọ đường, cục đá dính đầy trấu Thời gian lâu (Lê Minh Khuê:2) 17 [4.64b] I fixed my eyes on her long, dirty nails, then glanced at the fat flied perched on the mouth of the sugar jar and at the chunks of ice cover with rice husks to keep them from melting She took a while (Wayne Karlin and Hồ Anh Thái:122) The simple sentence „She took a while‟ can be employed for the English translational equivalents of the Vietnamese noun phrase as ellipsis „Thời gian lâu‟; therefore, it is identified as a unit shift As stated by Newmark, P (1988) a syntactic category, i.e noun D or verb in the source language that can be constructed as a clause or sentence in the target language, it can be identified as a unit shift Table 4.7 Procedures of Translating Vietnamese Noun Phrases as H Ellipsis into English English Equivalents Translation Procedures D Phrases as Ellipsis oc Vietnamese Noun aN NP Simple sentence Sentence element Cl NP Simple sentence N Sentence? Synonym g an NP Shift Explanation In consequence, the English syntactic equivalents of the Vietnamese noun phrases as ellipsis can be found in the above Table 4.7 by means of the translation procedures such as synonym, shift and explannation 18 4.2.4 Translation procedures of Vietnamese Clauses as Ellipsis into English 4.2.4.4 Reduction The English translation procedure which is chosen in order to render Vietnamese clauses as ellipsis into English by means of structure is a clause with a reduced element Table 4.8 Procedures of Translating Vietnamese Clauses as Ellipsis into English Translation Procedures H D Vietnamese Clauses English Equivalents as Ellipsis Simple sentence Cl Compound sentence Passive simple sentence Cl? Simple sentence ? Cl Cl Pseudo compound sentence Cl Cl Paraphrase Cl Compound sentence Simple sentence Cl Complex sentence Cl + Ø Literal g an aN D oc Synonym Explanation Reduction Accordingly, the English syntactic equivalents of the Vietnamese clauses as ellipsis are listed in the above Table 4.8 by means of the translation procedures such as synonym, paraphrase, literal, explannation and reduction 19 4.2.5 Translation procedures of Vietnamese Prepositional Phrases as Ellipsis into English Table 4.9 Procedures of Translating Vietnamese Prepositional Phrases as Ellipsis into English Vietnamese Prepositional English Equivalents Phrases as Ellipsis Translation Procedures Compound sentence Synonym PP Simple sentence Explanation D PP Thus, the English structural syntactic of the Vietnamese clauses as ellipsis are put in the above Table 4.9 by means of the H translation procedures such as synonym and explannation oc 4.2.6 Translation procedures of Vietnamese Question Words D as Ellipsis into English aN Table 4.10 Procedures of Translating Vietnamese Question Words as Ellipsis into English Question Words as an Vietnamese English Equivalents Procedures g Ellipsis Question word? Question word? Translation Interrogative Literal Paraphrase sentence? Wh word? Ø Question word + Question word + Ø Adv? Reduction 20 Table 4.11 The Occurrence Frequency of Procedures of Translating Vietnamese Ellipsis into English Occurrences Rates Synonym 18 35.3% Literal 17.7% Paraphrase 17.7% Explanation 12% D Translation Reduction 6% Shift 6% Expansion 2% 51 100% Procedures D 4.2.7 Summary oc H Total aN In terms of the in English translational equivalents of the adjective, noun, verb, preposition and clause ellipsis in Vietnamese, an the translation procedures, such as synonym, literal, paraphrase, explannation, reduction, shift and expansion are means of the g effectiveness of translation It is the translation equivalents in terms of syntactic structure as well as the structure meaning between the ellipsis constructions in Vietnamese and those in English that translation procedures can be found with regard to translation analysis It should bear in mind that like the translation procedures for English structural equivalents of the structures of Vietnamese similes, the Vietnamese ellipsis constructions of adjective, noun, verb, prepositional phrases as well as that of clauses are structurally 21 transformed into English in order that the meaning in English language is as much similar to that in Vietnamese as possible In reference to the occurrence frequencies of translation procedures that are employed to translate the Vietnamese ellipsis constructions into English, it is found that the largest rate is synonym which makes up 35.3% The other two translation procedures, i.e literal and paraphrase share the same rate of 17.7% for each case The translation procedure takes the fourth rank is explanation with D the proportion of 11.7% The procedure reduction is slightly lower than explanation which makes up 9.8% The translation procedures of shift amount to 5.9% The lowest rate of 1.9% is found in the H translation procedure of expansion It can be concluded that the least oc favourable translation procedure which is employed in order to D translate a Vietnamese ellipsis structure into English can be aN expansion Otherwise, one of the most effective ways that can be applied for transferring a Vietnamese ellipsis structure into English Chapter Five g an one is synonym CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 5.1 CONCLUSION In order to answer the research questions, the two research methods, i.e qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied to find out the qualitative as well as quantitative results of the two stylistic devices, simile and ellipsis in terms of translation procedures 86 samples were collected from 13 Vietnamese short 22 stories to compare with their 82 English translational versions of theirs in order to find out the translation procedures used to render simile and ellipsis in the source language into the target one Among 82 samples, there were 51 samples in relation to ellipsis and 35 samples in connection with simile In respect to the English translational equivalents of the structures of Vietnamese simile device như, and nhất, various translation procedures, i.e literal, shift, reduction, explanation, D synonym, compensation, expansion and paraphrase are used for the effectiveness of translation It is thanks to the characteristics of syntactic structures as well as their meaning in both languages that H translation procedures are applied for the analysis of the translation oc As we have discussed, the translation procedures for English D structural equivalents of the structures of Vietnamese similes are varied The Vietnamese simile structures that include the simile aN devices như, hơn, are structurally transferred into English so that the meaning in the target language is as much identical with the an source language as possible With regard to the occurrence g frequencies of translation procedure are used to render the structure of Vietnamese similes như, and into English, the literal translation procedure accounts for the highest proportion of 37.1% The second ranks are shift and expansion procedures that share the same rate of 14.5% The procedure reduction is slightly lower than shift and expansion which makes up 11.3% The translation procedures, synonym and paraphrase take the third ranks of 7.5% The procedures explanation and compensation have the lowest percentage of 3.8% 23 It can be predicted that literal is one of the effective ways that can be applied for transferring a Vietnamese ellipsis structure into English one As a result, the least favourable translation procedure which is employed in order to translate a Vietnamese ellipsis structure into English could be compensation In terms of the in English translational equivalents of the adjective, noun, verb, preposition and clause ellipsis in Vietnamese, the translation procedures, such as synonym, literal, paraphrase, explannation, reduction, shift and expansion are means of the D effectiveness of translation It is the translation equivalents in terms of syntactic structure as well as the structure meaning between the H ellipsis constructions in Vietnamese and those in English that translation procedures can be found with regard to translation oc analysis In reference to the occurrence frequencies of translation D procedures that are employed to translate the Vietnamese ellipsis aN constructions into English, it is found that the largest rate is synonym which makes up 35% The other two translation procedures, i.e an literal and paraphrase, share the same rate of 19.5% for each case The translation procedure takes the fourth rank is explanation with g the proportion of 12% The translation procedures of reduction and shift equally amount to 6% for each The lowest rate of 2% is found in the translation procedure of expansion 5.2 IMPLICATIONS FOR FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING Learners of English who are interested in the use of stylistic devices in source language and their translational version can find the result of this study beneficial Understanding the rendering of stylistic devices or simile and ellipsis particularly can help students in their study of translation as well as decode the use and the 24 meanings of stylistic devices in English translational version or stories or texts of the target language It is hopeful that the result of the study is supportive for teachers of English to some extent, especially in their teaching of translation or other related subjects such as reading comprehension, literature and the like 5.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Books on translation theory on the change of syntactic structures between the source language and target language are not D available This made us embarrassed in solving some problems of the change of syntactic structures between Vietnamese and English H language in our research 5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS oc - An Investigation into the Exchange of Syntactic Structures g an aN D in terms of Translating Vietnamese Stylistic Devices into English ... devices in 13 Vietnamese short stories and finding their English translational equivalents in “Love After War” (ii) classifying, comparing, analyzing, discussing and finding the results of simile and. .. the translational version “Love After War”, I decided to choose the topic entitled ? ?An Investigation into Translation Procedures of Similes and Ellipsis in English Translational Versions from Vietnamese... Vietnamese and English H language in our research 5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS oc - An Investigation into the Exchange of Syntactic Structures g an aN D in terms of Translating Vietnamese Stylistic Devices into