An investigation into teachers’ adaptation of multiple choice questions in english reading lessons at a high school

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY NGUYEN VAN LAU AN INVESTIGATION INTO TEACHERS’ ADAPTATION OF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH READING LESSONS AT A HIGH SCHOOL MASTER’S THESIS IN EDUCATION Nghe An, 2019 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY NGUYEN VAN LAU AN INVESTIGATION INTO TEACHERS’ ADAPTATION OF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH READING LESSONS AT A HIGH SCHOOL Major: Teaching English to Speakings of Other Languages (TESOL) Code: 8.14.01.11 MASTER’S THESIS IN EDUCATION Supervisor: Tran Ba Tien, Ph.D Nghe An, 2019 i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I declare that this research is my own work, the data and findings discussed in the thesis are true It is used with permission from associates and has not been published elsewhere Nghe An, July 15th, 2019 Author Nguyen Van Lau ii ABSTRACT This thesis aims to investigate teachers' adaptation of multiple choice questions in English reading lessons at Hoang Hoa Tham High school in Le Thuy District, Quang Binh province The data were collected by means of questionnaires conducted with teachers and students as well as the reviews of some sample tests currently used at Hoang Hoa Tham High school in Le Thuy District, Quang Binh province The results show that most of the teachers and students were well aware of the importance of the adaptation and the use of multiple choice questions for the purpose of developing students’ English reading skill However, the teachers encountered many difficulties in adapting and using multiple choice tests to develop students’ reading skills The difficulties ranged from lack of techniques of adapting and designing kinds of multiple choice reading tests, students’ mixed ability, and lack of time for adapting effective tests In addition, the students included in this survey also got into troubles in doing these kind of tests, which resulted in their unsatisfactory feelings and negative attitudes toward multiple choice reading tests It is suggested that teachers need to consult many sources of materials about modifying multiple choice reading tests so that they could adapt suitable ones that fit students’ level of proficiency as well as motivate students in doing these tests Moreover, teachers need to provide students with many different kinds of multiple choice tests and multiple choice questions to provide students with opportunities to practise and develop their English reading skills iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Tran Ba Tien, Ph.D for the supervision and academic guidance he has given me throughout the entire of work Without his help, this thesis could not reach this present standard I would also like to send my thanks to the teachers of the English Department, Vinh University, who have given me useful materials, lectures and favorable conditions facilitating my research I am much indebted to all the teachers and students from Hoang Hoa Tham High school in Le Thuy District, Quang Binh province, all of those who created the most advantageous conditions for me to collect the necessary data for my research Also, I am very grateful to all my friends for sharing ideas and introducing valuable materials to support me in implementing this research Finally, I am grateful to my family who has supported me and shared with me all difficulties I had during the time I conducted this research iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Pages STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP………………………………………………… i ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………… ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………….iii TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………… iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS………………………………… viii LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………… ix LIST OF CHARTS………………………………………………………………… x CHATER INTRODUCTION……………………………………………… 1.1 Rationale……………………………………………………………………… 1.2 The aims of the study…………………………………………………………….2 1.3 Research questions……………………………………………………………… 1.4 Scope of the study……………………………………………………………….3 1.5 Method of the study……………………………………………… ……………3 1.6 The organization of the study………………………………………………… CHAPTER THEORETICAL BACKGOUND………………… …………… 2.1 Previous studies related to the research………………………………………… 2.2 Theoretical background………………………………………………………… 2.2.1 Language Testing……………………………………………………………… 2.2.1.1 Definition of testing………………………………………………………… 2.2.1.2 Purposes of Testing………………………………………………………… 2.2.1.3 Qualities of a good test……………………………………………………… 2.2.2 Subjective and Objective tests…………………………… ………………… 14 2.2.2.1 Objective and subjective testing…………………………………………… 14 2.2.2.2 The advantages of objective and subjective tests………………………… 15 2.2.3 Testing reading comprehension……………………………………………… 16 v 2.2.3.1 Definitions of testing reading comprehension……………………………… 16 2.2.3.2 The nature of the reading skills…………………………………………… 17 2.2.3.3 Types of reading comprehension tests……………………………………….18 2.2.4 Relationship between teaching reading and testing reading comprehension… 22 2.2.5 Multiple Choice tests……………………….………………………………… 23 2.2.5.1 Overview of Multiple choice tests………………………………………… 23 2.2.5.2 Advantages and limitations of multiple choice tests……………………… 25 2.2.5.3 General principles of constructing multiple choice items………………… 26 2.2.5.4 Types of Multiple choice Reading Tests (MCRT)………………………… 27 2.2.5.5 Backwash effects of Multiple choice tests on learners…………………… 32 2.3 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………… 33 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY……………………………………………… 34 3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 34 3.2 Research questions……………………………………………………………… 34 3.3 Research approach……………………………………………………………… 34 3.4 Research methods……………………………………………………………… 34 3.4.1 Questionnaires………………………………………………………………… 35 3.4.1.1 Questionnaire for teachers (Appendix 1) …………………………………… 35 3.4.1.2 Questionnaire for students (Appendix 2) …………………………………… 36 3.4.1.3 Paper test examinations…………………………………………………… 37 3.5 Participants………………………………………………………………………37 3.6 Research site…………………………………………………………………… 38 3.7 Material………………………………………………………………………… 38 3.8 Data collection procedure……………………………………………………… 38 3.9 Data analysis methods………………………………………………………… 39 3.10 Procedures…………………………………………………………………… 39 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION………………………………… 41 vi 4.1 Results………………………………………………………………………… 41 4.1.1 Results from questionnaires………………………………………… ……… 41 4.1.1.1 Results from questionnaires for teachers…………………………………….43 a Teachers’ perception of using multiple choice tests in current tendency of testing and assessment……………………………………………………………………… 43 b Teachers' perceptions of using multiple choice reading tests to develop students' reading skill ………………………………………………………………………… 45 4.1.1.2 Results from the questionnaire survey for students………………………… 47 4.1.2 Teachers’ modification of MCQs in English classes………………………….50 4.1.2.1 Results from tests………………………………………………………… 51 4.1.2.1.1 General English test results……………………………………………… 51 4.1.2.1.2 Pre-test results…………………………………………………………… 52 4.1.2.1.3 Post-test results…………………………………………………………… 54 4.1.2.2 The difference between pre-test and post-test……………………………… 55 4.2 Discussion……………………………………………………………………… 56 4.2.1 The teachers’ perceptions and students’ perceptions of using multiple choice questions in teaching the English reading skill…………………………………… 56 4.2.2 The effect of using adapted MCQs in reading comprehension……………… 56 CHATER CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS……………………… 58 5.1 Summary of the findings……………………………………………………… 58 5.1.1 In regard to the teachers’ perceptions and students’ perceptions…………… 58 5.1.2 In regard to reading comprehension………………………………………… 59 5.2 Implications…………………………………………………………………… 60 5.2.1 For teachers 60 5.2.2 For educational administrators……………………………………………… 61 5.3 Limitations……………………………………………………………………… 61 5.4 Further research………………………………………………………………… 62 vii REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………… 63 APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………… 67 APPENDIX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS…………………………… 67 APPENDIX 2: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS…………………………… 70 APPENDIX 3: GENERAL ENGLISH TEST…………………………………… 72 APPENDIX 4: PRE – TEST……………………………………………………… 76 APPENDIX 5: POST –TEST……………………………………………………… 81 APPENDIX 6……………………………………………………………………… 85 APPENDIX 7……………………………………………………………………… 87 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS MOET: Ministry of Education and Training TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language IELTS: International English Language Test System MCT: Multiple choice test MCRT: Multiple choice reading test MCQs: Multiple choice questions CEFRL: The Common European Frame Work of Reference for Language N: Number of Informants %: Percent 74 Câu 24 : They are preparing everything for the election A Everything are being prepared for the election B Everything is preparing for the election C Everything is prepared for the election D Everything is being prepared for the election Câu 25 : I will lend you my book but you have to promise to return it next week A If you promise to return my book next week, I would lend you my book B If you had promised to return my book next week, I would have lended you my book C If you promise to return my book next week, I will lend you my book D If you promised to return my book next week, I would lend you my book Câu 26 : useful A Câu 27 : B national Câu 28 : C optional D educational Schools in which all children can attend without paying tuition fees state A A English is one of …………… subjects in Viet Nam B independent C private D public unhappy D interesting That is a story scary B exciting C Read the following passage and choose the best option from 29 to 32 Schooling is compulsory for all children aged from five to sixteen Children may attend either state-funded or fee-paying independent schools In England and Wales the primary cycle lasts from five to eleven Generally speaking, children enter infant school, moving on junior school at the age of eight, and then on to secondary school at the age of eleven Roughly 90 percent of children receive their secondary education at “comprehensive” schools Secondary school lasts either until the end of the compulsory attendance cycle, or includes the two final years of secondary education, generally known in Britain (for historical reasons) as the “six form” In many parts of the country, these two years are spent at a tertiary or sixth form college, which provides academic and vocational courses 29 At what stage of age is schooling compulsory for all children? A from to 17 B from to 16 C from to 15 30 Which schools may children attend from five to sixteen ? A either state-funded or fee-paying independent schools B only state-funded schools D from to 16 75 C.only fee-paying independent schools D.primary schools 31 When children move on to secondary school? A.at the age of 13 B at the age 15 C at the age of 11 D at the age of 16 32 Roughly in the line has the closest meaning with A equally B suitable C approximately D.closely Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the best option EDUCATION All men should study, we have to study to (33) ………our knowledge and develop our intelligence An uneducated man can only utilize his bodily strength to (34) and live An educated man , besides this (35) , still has the faculty of his intelligent brain and good reflection This intelligence and thought enable him to help his physical strength to act (36) quickly and cleverly In the same profession or work, the educated man differs (37) …… the uneducated considerably Therefore, intellectual workers have to study, this is a matter of course but manual (38) must also gain education In civilized countries compulsory (39) ……… has been applied Everyone must spend seven or eight years to study From ploughmen to labourers in these nations, no one is unable to (40) …… a book or a paper fluently 33.A width B wide C widen D.widely 34 A working B.work C works D.worked 35.A ability B strength C body D.knowledge 36.A more B less C little D.most 37.A.about B from C with D on 38.A workers B everyone C engineers D.farmers 39.A education B study C knowledge D schooling 40.A write B listen C speak D read THE END - 76 APPENDIX 4: PRE – TEST SỞ GD & ĐT QUẢNG BÌNH KIỂM TRA TIẾT SỐ TRƯỜNG THPT HOÀNG HOA THÁM Môn: TIẾNG ANH 10 Thời gian làm bài: 45 phút I Chọn từ gạch phát âm khác với từ lại: A laughed B closed C stopped D A near B clear C dear D pear II Chọn từ có trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết có vị trí khác với từ cịn lại: kissed A provide B decide C daughter D enjoy A physicist B attitude C president D disaster III Chọn phương án phù hợp cho câu sau: Along with jogging and swimming, cycling is one of the best all-round forms of exercise It can help to increase your strength and energy, giving you more efficient muscles and stronger heart But increasing your strength is not the only advantage of cycling Because you’re not carrying the weight of your body on your feet, it’s a good form of exercise for people with painful feet or backs However, with all forms of exercise it’s important to start slowly and build up gently Doing too much too quickly can damage muscles that aren’t used to working If you have any doubts about taking up cycling for health reasons, talk to your doctor and ask his/her advice Ideally you should be cycling at least two or three times a week For the exercise to be doing you good, you should get a little out of breath Don’t worry that if you begin to lose your breath, it could be dangerous and there must be something wrong with your heart This is simply not true; shortness of breath shows that the exercise is having the right effect However, if you find you are in pain then you should stop and take a rest According to the writer, it is best to go cycling A at least two or three times a month B once a week C at least two or three times a week D every day 77 All forms of exercise must be started A violently B strenuously C gradually D quickly People with back problems might go cycling because A it does not make them carry the B it enables them to carry the weight of their weight of their body on their feet body on their feet C it helps them to relieve their D it helps to make their backs become backache stronger Which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of cycling? A Giving you a stronger heart B Increasing you strength and energy C Giving you better muscles D Making you look younger IV Chọn câu (ứng với A, B, C D) thích hợp câu sau : Those boys took a long ladder A in order to get the ball from the roof B and then get the ball from the roof C so they will get the ball from the roof D so that the ball from the roof can be gotten 10 surfing / net / I / enjoy / but / have / I / don’t / time/ it A I enjoy surfing the net but I don’t have B I enjoy surfing net but I don’t have few time for it many time for it C I enjoy surfing on the net but I don’t D I enjoy surfing net but I don’t have a have much time for it few time for it 11 Alex did not very well in class A because he failed to study properly B therefore he was a good student C although he was not hard-working D as long as he had studied badly 12 The more you talk about the situation, A it seems the worse B it seems worse C the worse it seems D the worse does it seem V Chọn từ cụm từ thích hợp để hồn thành câu : 13 Kevin: "How far is it from here to the nearest post office?" Lan: " ." A No, it's rather far B Turn left and then turn right 78 C Two kilometers at least D Yes, it's quite near here 14 Pat: "Would you like something to eat?" Kathy: " I'm not hungry now." A Yes, it is B Yes, I would C No, thanks D No, no problem 15 I first met her two years ago when we at Oxford University A have been studying B had been studying C are studying D were studying 16 David: "Could you bring me some water?" Waiter: " ." A I don't want to B Yes, I can C Certainly, sir D No, I can't 17 The recycling of waste paper save a great amount of wood pulp A had better B need C.dare D can 18 If I were you, I would advise her the new teaching method A to try 19 B try C trying D tries He went back to work in his country after he his course on Advanced Engineering in London A finishes B had finished C has finished D was finishing 20 Ellen: " ?" Tom: "He's tall and thin with blue eyes." A Who does John look like B What does John look like C How is John doing D What does John like 21 Could you fill out this form? A applying B applicable C applicant D application 22 My father decided to smoking after he had been smoking for ten years A put away B get over C give up D take up 23 My father is very busy , he is always willing to give a hand with the housework A Therefore B Despite C.However D Although 24 They are not to take part in this program of the World Health Organization A as old B enough old C so old D old enough 79 25 A scientist who studies living things is a A biology B biologically C biologist D biological 26 The football match was postponed the bad weather A because B because of C despite D in spite 27 Yesterday I met your brother, had taken us to the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York before A who B whose C whom D that 28 students attended the meeting that there weren't enough chairs for all of them A Too many B So few C So many D So much 29 Peter doesn't like scuba-diving does his brother A Too B So C Either D Neither 30 Endangered species by the World Wildlife Fund A will protect B would protect C are protected D be protected 31 Maria: "Thanks for the lovely evening." Diana: " ." A Oh, that's right B Yes, it's really C No, it's not good D I'm great enjoyed it glad you 32 The government initiated the programme of reform in the 1980s A economically B economic C economised D economist 33 Kim: "What this weekend?" Sally: "Oh, we're going windsurfing It's fantastic!" A would you B you go C are you doing D are you going 34 If I had the map now, I a short-cut across the desert A could have taken B take C could take D can take VI Xác định từ cụm từ có gạch chân, cần phải sửa để cân trở thành xác: 35 He never goes home before he will finish his work A B C D 36 Peter earned a large number of money last year A B C D 80 37 Mr Smith is going to buy a new Japanese car, doesn’t he? A B C D VII Chọn từ thích hợp để điền vào chỗ trống đoạn văn sau: Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in danger Many species of animals are threatened, and could easily become (38) if we not make an effort to protect them There are many reasons for this In some cases, animals are hunted for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies Some birds, (39) as parrots are caught alive and sold as pets For many animals and birds, the problem is that their habitat-the place where they live-is disappearing More land is used for farms, for houses or industry, and there are fewer open spaces than there once were Farmers use powerful chemicals to help them grow better crops, but these chemicals pollute the environment and harm wildlife The most successful animal on earth-human beings-will soon be the only ones left, (40) we can solve this problem 38.A empty B lost C extinct D disappeared 39.A where B such C like D or 40.A because B however C unless D if - THE END 81 APPENDIX 5: POST -TEST SỞ GD & ĐT QUẢNG BÌNH ĐỀ KIỂM TRA TIẾT SỐ 04 TRƯỜNG THPT HOÀNG HOA THÁM MƠN : TIẾNG ANH 10 Họ, tên thí sinh…………………………………… Lớp:10:… Câu 1: Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words: A knob B knife C knowledge D weak Câu 2: Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words: A reason B rouse C relax D besides Câu 3: We had to get up early, …… … I’d have missed the train A so B otherwise C despite D though Câu 4: This is … the most difficult job I’ve ever had to A by far B by heart C by chance D by myself Câu 5: If only he … told us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong A would have B has C should have D had Câu 6: Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting: It was not until 1937 when the southernmost source of the Nile River was discovered A until B when C the D was discovered Câu 7: Pick out the word that has the stress pattern different from that of the other words: A tragic B voyage C iceberg D suppose Câu 8: She came quietly…not to wake the baby A so as B if so C such as D as if Câu 9: He said he would pay back the money…the sake of peace in the town A to B for C in D by Câu 10: I suggest we … outside the cinema tomorrow at 8.30 A meeting B met C meet D will met Câu 11: The World Cup is a football competition which is held… A once four years B every four years C four years every D four every years Câu 12: I’m really looking forward … to university A to go B going C to going D go Câu 13: That bag looks heavy I … help you with it A will B must C can D should Câu 14: It won’t rain tomorrow 82 A There won’t be no rain tomorrow B There won’t be any rain tomorrow C There won’t be raining tomorrow D There won’t be rains tomorrow Câu 15: Our football team lost … three goals to nil A with B to C by D in Câu 16: She … actively in social activities A enters B participates C takes place D takes Câu 17: The children did not know the … by which the game was played A customs B orders C facts D rules Câu 18: Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting: Nobody knows that his or her life will be like in a ten years’ time A knows B that C will be like D in Câu 19: He prefers typing to writing by hand A He likes typing better B He doesn’t like to write by hand at all C He’d rather type than write by hand D He doesn’t like typing Câu 20: Music is clearly different … language A in B with C from D of Câu 21: …people go to football matches now than twenty years ago A Few B Less C Lesser D Fewer Câu 22: Please go in Mr Jones is free…you now A to see B see C seeing D will see Câu 23: The football match was televised … from the National Stadium A living B alive C life D live Câu 24: Pick out the word that has the stress pattern different from that of the other words: A instead B fiction C herself D cartoon Câu 25: Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words: A rough B enough C ghost D cough Câu 26: How old you think this house is? A When you think the house was built? B Do you know when the house is built? C When you think the house is built? D When is the house built? Câu 27: He’s going to take your life one day A He’s going to take you with him one day B He’s going to take your work from you one day C He’s going to kill you one day D he’s going to be in charge of your life one day Câu 28: Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting: He’s one of the most bored people I’ve ever met A He’s B the C bored D ever 83 Câu 29: I find it impossible not to worry about Tom A I can nothing to help Tom B I can’t help feeling worried about Tom C I am glad to have someone like Tom to worry about D I don’t worry about Tom From 30 to 35, read the passage and choose the option that best completes each space: No other sporting event captures the world's imagination like the FIFA World Cup Ever since the first tentative competition in Uruguay in 1930, FIFA's flagship has constantly grown in popularity and prestige A group of visionary French football administrators, led in the 1920s by the innovative Jules Rimet, are credited with the original idea of bringing the world's strongest national football teams together to compete for the title of World Champions The original gold trophy bore Jules Rimet's name and was contested three times in the 1930s, before the Second World War put a 12-year stop to the competition: When it resumed, the FIFA World Cup rapidly advanced to its undisputed status as the greatest single sporting event of the modern world Held since 1958 alternately in Europe and the Americas, the World Cup broke new ground with the Executive Committee's decision in May 1996 to select Korea and Japan as co-hosts for the 2002 edition Today, the FIFA World Cup holds the entire global public under its spell An accumulated audience of over 37 billion people watched the France 98 tournament, including approximately 1.3 billion for the final alone, while over 2.7 million people flocked to watch the 64 matches in the French stadia After all these years and so many changes, however, the main focus of the FIFA World Cup remains the same the glistening golden trophy, which is the embodiment of every footballer's ambition Câu 30:The first World Cup tournament was Held in A 1920 B 1930 C 1958 D 1996 Câu 31:Who are believed to be responsible for the idea of competing for the title of World Champions? A Jules Rimet B French football administrators C The FIFA D The Executive Committee Câu 32:The FIFA World Cup A bore Jules Rimet's name B was held three times in the 1930 C resumed in 1958 D was halted by the outbreak of the war Câu 33:The 2002 World Cup A was the first World Cup held in Asia B was decided in May 1996 84 C was held in Korea in cooperation with Japan D broke a new ground Câu 34: How many people watch the France 98 tournament? A 37 billion B billion C 2.7 billion D 41 billion Câu 35: Which of the following is not true? A The golden trophy represents footballer's ambition B The FIFA World Cup is the greatest sporting event in the world C The 2002 World Cup was held jointly by Korea and Japan D The focus of the FIFA World Cup has changed little since the first come petition was held in 1930 From 36 to 40, read the passage and choose the option that best completes each space: Cartoon films have very few limits If you can draw something you can … (36)… it move on the cinema screen The use …(37)… new ideas and advanced computer programs means that cartoons are becoming exciting again for people of …(38)… ages By the … (39)… of the 1970s, the cinema world had decided that cartoons were only for children But soon … (40)…, one or two directors had some original new ideas Câu 36: Câu 37: Câu 38: Câu 39: Câu 40: A make A of A all A end A afterwards B cause B with B other B back B then C get C for C more C finish C next -THE END D wish D by D these D departure D later 85 APPENDIX Reading comprehension scores of the Pre-test Participants Control group scores Participants Experimental group scores A1 11 B1 11 A2 14 B2 10 A3 B3 12 A4 14 B4 14 A5 14 B5 14 A6 15 B6 11 A7 15 B7 A8 12 B8 14 A9 14 B9 17 A10 B10 14 A11 11 B11 13 A12 14 B12 10 A13 10 B13 10 A14 B14 A15 14 B15 10 A16 10 B16 15 A17 15 B17 14 A18 B18 15 A19 12 B19 14 A20 10 B20 14 86 Participants Control group scores Participants Experimental group scores A21 11 B21 16 A22 14 B22 A23 14 B23 11 A24 17 B24 12 A25 14 B25 11 A26 15 B26 10 A27 11 B27 16 A28 14 B28 A29 10 B29 11 A30 15 B30 17 A31 17 B31 14 A32 14 B32 15 A33 10 B33 10 A34 B34 14 A35 14 B35 14 N = 35 440 N = 35 439 Mean 12.7 Mean 12.6 SD 2.38 SD 2.41 87 APPENDIX Reading comprehension scores of the Post-test Participants Control group scores Participants Experimental group scores A1 14 B1 13 A2 16 B2 15 A3 11 B3 17 A4 16 B4 19 A5 16 B5 18 A6 17 B6 16 A7 17 B7 13 A8 14 B8 19 A9 15 B9 20 A10 10 B10 19 A11 14 B11 18 A12 16 B12 17 A13 11 B13 15 A14 11 B14 13 A15 15 B15 15 A16 12 B16 18 A17 19 B17 19 A18 11 B18 19 A19 14 B19 19 A20 12 B20 19 88 Participants control group scores Participants Experimental group scores A21 14 B21 19 A22 16 B22 16 A23 15 B23 13 A24 18 B24 17 A25 16 B25 17 A26 17 B26 13 A27 13 B27 19 A28 16 B28 15 A29 12 B29 16 A30 16 B30 19 A31 18 B31 16 A32 16 B32 18 A33 12 B33 15 A34 11 B34 18 A35 16 B35 18 N = 35 507 N = 35 590 Mean 14.5 Mean 17.0 SD 2.36 SD 2.12 ...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY NGUYEN VAN LAU AN INVESTIGATION INTO TEACHERS’ ADAPTATION OF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH READING LESSONS AT A HIGH SCHOOL Major: Teaching... focuses on an investigation into teachers’ adaptation and practice of adapting and using multiple choice tests to develop students’ English reading ability at Hoang Hoa Tham High school in Le Thuy... national and international examinations such as NMET, CET4, CET6, EPT in China, and TOEFL, GRE, GMAT, BEC, IELTS in the United States and in England In Vietnam, our Ministry of Education and Training