An analysis of the causes leading to construction supply chain disruption during the construction stage

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY NGUYEN VAN BA AN ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES LEADING TO CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTION DURING THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE Major: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT Major ID: 8580302 MASTER’S THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, JULY 2023 THIS RESEARCH IS COMPLETED AT: HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VNU-HCM Supervisor 1: Dr Nguyen Thanh Viet Supervisor 2: Dr Nguyen Anh Thu Examiner 1: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Vu Hong Son Examiner 2: Dr Pham Hai Chien This master’s thesis is defended at HCM City University of Technology, VNU-HCM on July 10th 2023 Master’s Thesis Committee: (Please write down full name and academic rank of each member of the Master’s Thesis Committee) Assoc Prof Dr Luong Duc Long - Chairman Assoc Prof Dr Tran Duc Hoc - Member, Secretary Assoc Prof Pham Vu Hong Son - Reviewer Dr Pham Hai Chien - Reviewer Dr Nguyen Hoai Nghia - Member Approval of the Chairman of Master’s Thesis Committee and Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering after the thesis being corrected (If any) CHAIRMAN OF THESIS COMMITTEE Assoc Prof Dr Luong Duc Long DEAN OF FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Assoc Prof Dr Le Anh Tuan i VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom – Happiness THE TASK SHEET OF MASTER’S THESIS Full name: Nguyen Van Ba Student code: 2270351 Date of birth: 10/06/1984 Place of birth: Thanh Hoa Major: Construction Management Major code: 858032 I THESIS TOPIC: An Analysis of the Causes leading to Construction Supply Chain Disruption during the Construction Stage Phân tích nguyên nhân dẫn đến đứt gãy chuỗi cung ứng giai đoạn xây dựng dự án II TASKS AND CONTENTS: The construction supply chain disruption III TASKS STARTING DATE: February 2nd, 2023 IV TASKS ENDING DATE: June 10th, 2023 V SUPERVISORS: Dr Nguyen Thanh Viet and Dr Nguyen Anh Thu Ho Chi Minh City, June 10th, 2023 SUPERVISOR SUPERVISOR Dr Nguyen Anh Thu Dr Nguyen Thanh Viet HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Dr Le Hoai Long DEAN OF FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Assoc Prof Dr Le Anh Tuan ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to many people who directly and indirectly contributed to this study Without their guidance, support and participation, this study wouldn’t come into fruition First and foremost, I am sincerely grateful to Dr Nguyen Thanh Viet and Dr Nguyen Anh Thu, my thesis instructors and my lecturer Assoc Prof Dr Do Tien Sy They give me not only large number of significant advices, guidance and comments, but also motivative supervision, and encouragement Sincere thanks to friends, experts who are working in the construction field in Vietnam, they have been patiently and seriously giving me many advices and their opinions during data collection, without their helping, this master thesis could not be done I would like to express my gratitude to IMP Office and Department of Construction Engineering and Management, for their valuable support during my study for master degree I also thank project owners, contractors, consultants, and other professionals for their willingness to participate in the lengthy questionnaire survey and sharing their valuable time for the interviews to collect data Their valuable and concerned opinions would bring the accurate results and finding of this thesis Last but not least, I want to express my sincere gratitude to my family for their support and affection They never stopped believing in me and continued to support and encourage me as I worked on my master's thesis iii ABSTRACT The construction industry is a significant contributor to the Vietnamese economy, with a value of approximately $11 billion and around 10-million-man powers being involved in recent years However, the construction supply chain in Vietnam is highly complex and fragmented, which makes it vulnerable to disruptions especially, the construction supply chain disruptions had caused a wide-scale impact to the construction industry in various developing countries including the Vietnam construction industry, with increasing report on project performance deficiencies such as cost and time overruns of severe magnitudes Thus, this research aims to analyze the causes and effects of construction supply chain disruption in Vietnam and identify the necessary measures for mitigating these disruptions The research will involve a literature review and experts interview as well as questionnaires survey to whom had rich experiences in construction supply chain disruptions across Vietnam construction projects Based on these data collection, Structure models are built to illustrate the interactions among constructs and their impact on the project performance The purpose of this research is to provide insights into the pathogenic causes that impact to construction supply chain disruption in Vietnam and to propose effective strategies for managing these disruptions The findings of this research will be useful for stakeholders in the Vietnamese construction industry, including project owners, contractors, suppliers, and government agencies, in improving construction supply chain management, resilience of CSC disruptions and enhancing project outcomes, bring more trust and reliable for long term cooperation between stakeholders Ultimately, this research can contribute to the sustainable growth of the Vietnamese construction industry and the economy as a whole Key words: Construction Supply Chain, Construction Supply Chain disruption, construction Supply chain risks, Construction Projects, Vietnam iv TÓM TẮT LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ Ngành xây dựng nguồn góp phần quan trọng cho kinh tế Việt Nam, với giá trị khoảng 11 tỷ đô la gần 10 triệu lao động tham gia năm gần Tuy nhiên, chuỗi cung ứng xây dựng Việt Nam phức tạp phân mảnh, điều làm cho dễ bị gián đoạn Đặc biệt, gián đoạn gây ảnh hưởng rộng lớn đến ngành xây dựng nước phát triển, có ngành xây dựng Việt Nam, với việc báo cáo ngày tăng suy giảm hiệu suất dự án trình triển khai chậm tiến độ vượt chi phí phê duyệt Do đó, nghiên cứu nhằm phân tích ngun nhân hậu gián đoạn chuỗi cung ứng xây dựng Việt Nam đề xuất biện pháp cần thiết để giảm thiểu gián đoạn Nghiên cứu dựa nghiên cứu trước vấn chuyên gia khảo sát bảng câu hỏi dành cho người có kinh nghiệm phong phú gián đoạn chuỗi cung ứng xây dựng dự án xây dựng Việt Nam Dựa vào việc thu thập liệu này, mơ hình cấu trúc (SEM) xây dựng để minh họa tương tác yếu tố tác động chúng hiệu suất dự án Mục tiêu nghiên cứu cung cấp nhìn sâu sắc nguyên nhân gây gián đoạn chuỗi cung ứng xây dựng Việt Nam đề xuất chiến lược hiệu để quản lý gián đoạn Kết nghiên cứu hữu ích cho bên liên quan ngành công nghiệp xây dựng Việt Nam, bao gồm chủ đầu tư dự án, nhà thầu, nhà cung cấp quan phủ, việc cải thiện quản lý chuỗi cung ứng xây dựng, phục hồi gián đoạn chuỗi cung ứng nâng cao hiệu dự án, đồng thời tạo tin cậy việc hợp tác lâu dài bên liên quan Cuối cùng, nghiên cứu đóng góp vào phát triển bền vững ngành công nghiệp xây dựng kinh tế Việt Nam nói chung Từ Khóa: Chuỗi cung ứng xây dựng, đứt gãy chuỗi cung ứng xây dựng, rủi ro chuỗi cung ứng xây dựng, dự án xây dựng, Việt Nam v AUTHOR’S COMMITMENT The undersigned below: Name : NGUYEN VAN BA Student ID : 2270351 Place and date of born : Thanh Hoa, June 10, 1984 Address : Ho Chi Minh City With this declaring that the master thesis entitled “AN ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES LEADING TO CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTION DURING THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE.” is done by the author under supervision of the supervisors All works, idea, and material that was gain from other reference has been cited in the correct way Ho Chi Minh City, June 10, 2023 NGUYEN VAN BA vi TABLE OF CONTENTS: CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research problem 1.2 Objectives of the research 1.3 Scope of research CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definitions and concepts 2.1.1 Definiton of project 2.1.2 Definition of Construction supply chain 2.1.3 Supply Chain Disruptions 2.1.4 Definition of coordination 2.1.5 Definition of the Construction supply chain (CSC) life cycle 2.1.6 Characteristics of the project in the construction stage: 2.1.7 Configuration of a traditional construction supply chain 10 2.2 Related studies 11 2.3 The causes leading to supply chain disruption during the construction stage 27 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES 37 3.1 Research Processes 37 3.2 Design of questionnaire survey 38 3.2.1 Content of survey questionnaire 38 3.2.1.1 Introduction 38 3.2.1.2 General information 38 3.2.1.3 38 The causes leading to construction SC disruption during the construction stage 3.2.2 Filtering Data 40 3.3 Data from the study: 40 3.3.1 Secondary Data 40 3.3.2 Primary Data 41 3.4 Preliminary Survey 41 3.4.1 Qualitative survey 41 3.4.2 Quantitative survey 41 3.4.3 Pilot test results 41 3.5 Official Survey 42 3.5.1 Sample Size 42 vii 3.5.2 Sampling method 43 3.6 Data Analysis 43 3.6.1 Reliability analysis 43 3.6.2 Rank the causes according to the mean 44 3.6.3 Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) 44 3.6.4 Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) 45 3.6.5 SEM model 45 CHAPTER DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 47 4.1 Data processing 47 4.2 Descriptive statistics 47 4.2.1 Working time: 47 4.2.2 Job position 48 4.2.3 The role of working in a project with construction supply chain disruption 49 4.2.4 Scale of projects ever participated 50 4.2.5 Type of project participated 51 4.3 Rank the causes according to the mean: 53 4.4 Check the reliability of the scale for the group of causes leading to construction supply chain disruption 55 4.4.1 Group of causes related to Contracting: 55 4.4.2 Group of causes related to manufacturing: 56 4.4.3 Group of causes related to Logistic: 57 4.4.4 Group of causes related to Hand over and receive products 57 4.4.5 Group of causes related to Inventory and storage 58 4.4.6 Group of causes related to On-site activities and installation 59 4.4.7 Group of causes related to Winding up 60 4.4.8 Group of causes related to Throughout SC life-cycle 60 4.5 Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for the causes leading to construction supply chain disruption 61 4.6 Confirmation factor analysis (CFA) 75 4.6.1 Confirmatory factor analysis model 75 4.6.2 Convergence value 80 4.7 SEM model building 85 4.7.1 SEM model for Interrelationships among constructs leading to CSC disruption 86 4.7.2 SEM model for Constructs of leading to CSC disruption and project performance 104 CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 113 viii 5.1 Conclusion 113 5.2 Scientific and practical significances 115 5.2.1 On the practical side 115 5.2.2 On the scientific side 115 5.3 Proposal a process to coordinate 116 Procurement procedure 116 Purpose 116 Objective 116 Procurement organization 116 Purchasing procedures 116 Procurement status reporting 121 Project expediting 121 REFERENCES: 123 APPENDICES: 127 PROFILE 133 119 accordance with the Preparation Procedure for Technical Bid Evaluation for approval by Client Issue of the Purchase Order After final evaluation of vendor quotation, draft of purchase order will be prepared by QS section Finalized draft of PO shall be approved by Project Manager 4.2 Offshore Materials Bill of Materials Planning Manager is responsible for making Bill of Materials for each Package Engineering Manager shall provide approved design drawings by Clent to Planning Manager in order for Planning Manager to take off materials from each design drawing properly Request for purchase Requisition Slip (RS) of offshore materials to be purchased shall be made by using Bill of Materials above with specifications which shall be provided by Engineering Section with approval of Client In accordance with Approval Guideline as attachment-1, RS shall be circulated and approved by final approver after Vendor / Material approval in accordance with following procedures After final approval, Project Procurement Manager or his representative request Purchase Department to order by sending approved RS through Construction department and Admin department of International Division Vendor Approval for Type – A Material For Type – A material which was determined by discussion between Client and Contractor and listed, Vendor approval shall be made by Client prior to request for quotation to vendors Material Approval For all materials, material approval shall be made by Client prior to request for quotation (RFQ) to vendors Request for Quotation 120 After material approval, Purchase Department select two (2) or three (3) vendors from approved vendor list or vendor approval as explained sub paragraph 4.2.3 and request selected vendor to submit their quotation providing specification requried Evaluation Purchase Department will evaluate submitted quotation with the detailed technical clarification and evaluation For Type – A material, Purchase Department request Project Procurement Manager to prepare a technical bid evaluation(TBE) report in accordance with the Preparation Procedure for Technical Bid Evaluation for approval by Client TBE report for Type – A material shall be submitted to Client by QS section Issue of the Purchase Order (PO) After final evaluation of vendor quotation, draft of purchase order will be prepared by Purchase Department Finalized draft of PO shall be apporved by General Manager of Purchase Department and send photcopy of PO to Project Manager via Project Procurement Manager 4.3 Interface with Engineering Section Engineering Manager shall provide approved designed drawings by Client to Planning Manager in order for Planning Manager to take off materials from each design drawings properly In order to comply with the specification of each material to be purchased for the project, RS shall be verified by Engineering Manager during requisition stage of procurement In case there are discrepancies between specification and RS, Engineering Manager shall notify Project Procurement Manager to revise RS to comply with the specification which was provided by Engineering Manager Verification of Engineering Manager shall be recorded in RS with his signarute 4.4 Interface with Quality Control (QC) Section In order to comply with the material approval by Client and specification of each material to be purchased for the project, RS shall be verified by Quality Control (QC) Manager during requisition stage of procurement In case there are discrepancies 121 between material approval / specification and RS, QC Manager shall notify Project Procurement Manager to revise RS to comply with said approval and specification Verification of QC Manager shall be recorded in RS with his signature Procurement status reporting Status of procurement will be reported weekly and monthly by Contractor to Client using the form of Procurement Status Report Project expediting 6.1 Objective In order for Contractor to perform construction progress according to the plan, expediting is one of the essential procurement activities 6.2 Expediting Organization Under the direct control of Poject Procurement Manager, all expediting activities will be supervised by Deputy Project procuremetn Manager who will be assigned by Project Manager Deputy Project Procurement Manager is responsible for performing the schedule control from PO until delivery of equipment and materials and coordinating with Purchase Department 6.3 Expediting Activities If significant delay of delivery which will affect critical path of the Project schedule is foreseen or found, investigate the cause of such delay and establish the recovery plan through discussions with the vendor immediately In the event that such delay is not recovered through the plan, resident expediting at the vendor’s shop may be considered Request the vendor to accelerate delivery, in case Project Procurement Manager instructs to accelerate the agreed delivery date in consideration of Project schedule 6.4 Progress Monitoring Progress monitoring is to confirm the following status by telephone, letter, email, progress meeting and/or Shop expediting visits • Fabrication Progress Status 122 • Inspection Status • Shipping Documents Submission Status • Delivery Status • Required Documents Status, if any 6.5 Expediting Method Desk Expediting Desk expediting is used to monitor following progress of the order through delivery of major materials for permanent facilities of the project and associated documentation to meet the schedule requrements • Fabrication Progress Status • Inspection Status • Shipping Documents Submission Status • Delivery Status • Required Documents Status, if any Shop Visit The purpose of shop visit is to ascertain the actual progress of the fabrication at the Vendor’s shop against the progress reports prepared and submitted by Vendor The shop visit is an effective method to ascertain the vendor’s progress directly and detect any sign of potential delay Expediting Meetings If any problem in the work progress arises, Contractor will hold a meeting with Vendor at an appropriate 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and it may take around 15-20 minutes to finish it Please read all of the statements carefully and answer all of them If you face any difficulty in answering the questionnaires, please not hesitate to reach out to me I assure you that all information will be kept confidentially and used only for this research I sincerely thank you for participate in this questionnaire survey! For any information and comments, please contact: 128 + Nguyen Van Ba – Mobile: 0945443898 – Email: bahuce@gmail.com PART 1: ASSESSMENT OF THE CAUSES LEADING TO CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTION DURING THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE Please mark "X" in the box corresponding to the level of agreement of each cause leading to construction SC disruption during the construction phase and Additional other causes (if any): There are levels of agreement: - Totally disagree, - Disagree, - Neutral, Agree, - Totally agree NO The causes leading to construction SC disruption during Level of agreement the construction stage I Group of causes related to Contracting: Lack of standards for needed materials      Incomplete and inaccurate drawings and details Lack of capable supplier or subcontractor Lack of long-term relationship      Lack of selection criteria for adequate supplier or subcontractor Limited expertise and experience in needed materials Delayed payment for contractors and suppliers Use of competitive bidding Other…………………………………………………… II                                    Group of causes related to Manufacturing: Speed of manufacturing (specially in producing interior products) Poor quality (Products does not meet with criteria) Insufficient resources Slowly in information’s exchange among stakeholders Inadequate change management Item damaged during manufacturing Long lead time during manufacturing Divergent estimations Make-to-order production                                              10 Other…………………………………………………………      Group of causes related to Logistics III 129 NO The causes leading to construction SC disruption during Level of agreement the construction stage Item damaged during transportation      Weather problems (precipitation, temperature) Transportation vehicle damage Transportation problems (traffic accidents)                Import and export restrictions      Transportation restriction (such as large size and heavy      weight)      Other……………………………………………………… Group of causes related to Hand over and receive product IV Wrong material delivery      Inefficient verification of materials due to unclear labels      Inspecting materials to ensure they meet the specifications      Delaying in resolution arising issues      Counterfeiting Other………………………………………………………           Group of causes related to Inventory and storage V      Site and storage capacity (limited)      Accessibility to site(difficulty) Poor site layout management      Inadequate professional preplanning studies      Changing site layout      Wrong in storing and keeping the materials, products Other………………………………………………………           Group of causes related to On-site activities and installation VI      Timely installation and testing      Poor quality Inaccurate initial time and resources estimation      Lack of skilled workers      Safety (incidents and accidents)      Labor disputes      On-site transportation equipment breakdown      130 The causes leading to construction SC disruption during Level of agreement the construction stage      Labor and equipment productivity NO 10 11 Involvement of large number of parties in the process Availability of desired resources (equipment, labor, materials) Other………………………………………………………                Group of causes related to Winding up VII      Difficulty in handling the surplus materials      Scraping and disposal issue High cost of reverse logistics      Governmental issues about environmental concerns      Existence of hazardous substances      Immobility and large size of extracted materials      Adequacy of labor for disassembly Other………………………………………………           Group of causes related to Throughout SC life-cycle VIII      Governmental policy and regulation change (political stability)      Lack of trust      Poor communication and cooperation between parties Price change fast      Financial and economic problems (any party)      Competency of project team      Change order negotiation      Due to force majeure events (disaster, pandemic…) Other……………………………………………………           PART 2: PROJECT PERFORMANCE WHEN A CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTION DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE In your opinion, based on most of the construction projects that you have participated in before, please indicate the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of analysis the causes leading to construction supply chain disruption during the construction phase of the project, please mark (x) in the boxes below corresponding to the following levels: 131 There are levels of agreement: – Totally disagree, – Disagree, – Neutral, – Agree, – Totally agree Project performance when a construction supply chain disruption STT Please mark (x) in the blank: Project was not completed as planned (Schedule of project) The project does not meet the specified technical standards (Quality of project) Failing to improve the capacity of the parties involved Failure to satisfy the requirements of stakeholders LEVELS OF AGREEMENT                     Exceeded total approved investment (Cost overrun)      Many disputes arise between the parties       The safety is not guaranteed Not achieving sustainability development and  environment conservatively Other:  ……………………………………………………             PART 3: GENERAL INFORMATION Please choose one of the following answers: A1 Have you ever participated in the project with a supply chain disruption?  Joined  not yet A2 How long have you worked in the construction industry:  – years  3-5 years _ _  - 10 years 1 - 15 years 1 - 20 years  > 20 years A3 Your current job: Director /Deputy Director Office Engineer Head/Deputy Head/Chairman Site Manager/Head of supervision consultant Engineers, Project Architects Other (specify) …………………… A4 In the projects you have participated in, you have worked for: 132 Investor / Project Management Board Supervising consultant  Construction unit Supplier Design unit Project Management Consulting Unit A5 Scale of projects that you have participated in: < 100 billion  100 - 500 billion VND  2000 - 3000 billion VND  00 - 1000 billion VND  1000 – 2000 billion VND  > 3000 billion A6 Type of project in which you have participated:  Civil works  National defense and security works  Industrial buildings  Agriculture and Rural Development projects Technical infrastructure projects  Transport works A7 In your opinion, is it necessary to evaluate the causes leading to construction SC disruption during construction phase  Very necessary  Unnecessary  Necessary Other (specify) ……………………  If possible, please provide personal information: Full name: Phone: Working unit: Email: Thank you very much for completing this survey! 133 PROFILE Full name Place and Date of birth Student ID Major Faculty Address Studying Period Email : NGUYEN VAN BA : Thanh Hoa, June 10, 1984 : 2270351 : Construction Management : Civil Engineering : 666 Nguyen Van Qua, DHT ward, District 12, HCMC : September 2021 – 2023 : bahuce@gmail.com/ nvba.sdh212@hcmut.edu.vn Mobile : +84 945443898 Training process: + 2002 - 2007: Study at Hanoi University of Civil Engineering + 2021 - 2023: Study master degree at Ho Chi Minh city university of technology Working process: 1/2008 – present