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Acknowledgements <44(&#%D,$A5(E;(<$&#y(+*(<#%zc'*(Q3"(%783'#5(D'74&(%45'(4,F"(8'(83%$F(Y"##;(9,4E,53/(17$'( {7",#'T(%$&(I7,(B"%E#%(@'#(83",#(3"4G(&7#,$A(@,"4&D'#F(%$&(@'#(83",#(,$5,A38@74(57AA"58,'$5( 83%8( '@8"$( #"5748"&( ,$( &"5,A$( ,-G#'="-"$85*( !7$&,$A( D%5( G#'=,&"&( E;( 1e<<( H1<NW1eBW]ON0LWP/( 1<B<( H11_NW_fW`_( %$&( 11qN]<!0N_P/( 1%8,'$%4( B2,"$2"( !'7$&%8,'$( HZ61( N.`.`NOP( %$&( !7$&%|}'( G%#%( %( X,~$2,%( "( %( Q"2$'4'A,%( >( !XQ( H)Q?X\R<I\NKK`K.\0NNO(%$&(B!I9\6)?\`WK`0\0NN]P(A#%$85/(%$&(%(g$,="#5,8;('@(B'783( X%#'4,$%(I"5,&"$8,%4(R,$,>_#%$8*(6#,%$(6,88$"#('@(XQB(X'#G(G#'=,&"&("=%47%8,'$(5%-G4"5('@( 83"(B7#@B8,F*(<#837#(Z44,$AD'#83(%$&(<44"$(!#;"(&"5,A$"&(%$&(E7,48(83"(D%8"#G#''@(3'75,$A5( @'#(83"(D%="(5"$5'#5*(( 7. 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'$(X3'$&#75(2#,5G75(B8%2F3'75"/( ( ``]/(0/(.VK>.]N/(NN00>NKO.( 6'##"#'/( !*( Y*( H.KO]P*( Q,&%4( 3",A38( %$&( A%-"8'A"$,5,5d( #"G#'&728,="( =%#,%8,'$( %-'$A( G'G74%8,'$5('@( /( (.]`/(./(.LN>.LO/(NNNL>`.OV( 6#'"F37;5"$/( _*( Y*( H.KW.P*( <( G#"4,-,$%#;( ,$="58,A%8,'$( '@( 83"( ,-G'#8%$2"( '@( &"5,22%8,'$/( 8"-G"#%87#"( %$&( 5%4,$,8;( %5( @%28'#5( 2'$8#'44,$A( 83"( ="#8,2%4( &,58#,E78,'$( '@( 2"#8%,$( ,$8"#8,&%4( -%#,$"( A%58#'G'&5( ,$( !%45"( 6%;/( B'783( <@#,2%/( (0O/(0VVn0K0/(NN`V>K.Kq( X%##,$A8'$/( f*M( R'"5"#/( _*( R*M( ?,-'$&/( Y*M( R"44'/( Y*( Y*( J( 6'44"#/( R*( +*( H0NNKP*( B"%5'$%4( &,587#E%$2"( 8'( -755"4( E"&5d( !,"4&( 8"58( '@( %( -"23%$,58,2( -'&"4( G#"&,28,$A( D%="( &,54'&A-"$8/( (VW/(`/(K]OnKOL/(NN0W>`VKN( Monitoring the Intertidal Environment with Biomimetic Devices 519 X37#23,44/(Q*(J(B8'#";/(:*(H.KKVP*(R"8%E'4,2("@@"285('@(&"3;&#%8,'$('$(%$(%U7%8,2(@#'A/( /( (.KO/(./(.W]>.VW/(NN00>NKWK( X'$$"44/(Y*(9*(H.KL.%P*(f@@"285('@(2'-G"8,8,'$/(G#"&%8,'$(E;( 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f2'5;58"-5( 8'( X4,-%8"(X3%$A"/( (`]/(./(`]`>WNW/( .VW`VK0q( 9"4-783/( 6*( B*( Q*( J( 9'@-%$$/( _*( f*( H0NN.P*( R,2#'3%E,8%85/( 83"#-%4( 3"8"#'A"$",8;( %$&( G%88"#$5('@(G3;5,'4'A,2%4(58#"55(,$(83"(#'2F;(,$8"#8,&%4(T'$"/( (0N./( `]Wn`OW/(NNNL>`.OV( 9'&F,$5'$/( Z*( ?*( H.KKKP*( BG"2,"5( #"5G'$5"( 8'( A4'E%4( "$=,#'$-"$8%4( 23%$A"( '#( D3;( "2'G3;5,'4'A,2%4( -'&"45( %#"( ,-G'#8%$8d( %( #"G4;( 8'( ?%=,5( "8( %4/( (LO/(L/(.0VK>.0L0/(NN0.>O]KN( Y'$"5/( B*( Y*M( +,-%/( !*( )*( J( C"83";/( ?*( B*( H0N.NP*( I,5,$A( "$=,#'$-"$8%4( 8"-G"#%87#"5( %$&( E,'A"'A#%G3;d(G'4"D%#&(#%$A"(2'$8#%28,'$('@(83"(E47"(-755"4/(R;8,475("&74,5(+*/(,$( 83"(D"58"#$(<84%$8,2/( ($'>$'/(.`LV>0LKK( [...]... vesicles as true reaction compartments J Phys Chem 100, 346-351, ISSN 0022-3654 546 Biomimetic Based Applications Kim, D.; Oh, S.; Yi, S.; Bae, S.; Moon, S (2000) Preparation of indium-tin oxide particles in shear-induced multilamellar vesicles (spherulites) as chemical reactors Chem Mater 12, 996-1002, ISSN 0897-4756 Khramov, M I.; Parmon, V N (1993) Synthesis of ultrafine particles of transition-metal... then simply initiated by conducting electrofusion between these two kinds of vesicles This electrofusion -based synthesis is a good model for cellular fusion -based reaction systems Another pathway involves an attempt to mimic the cell culturing -based systems, often used in bacteria -based inorganic nanoparticle synthesis GUVs are in-situ grown in electroformation chambers, where they remain attached to... suggest that the possible mechanism of cell -based nanoparticle synthesis, whether intra- or extra-cellular, may not necessarily be only peptide- or proteindriven or regulated Simple chemical mixing of subpicoliter volumes due to fusion of carrier vesicles with cell membranes or slow influx in the intracellular space may be the possible 542 Biomimetic Based Applications pathway of these syntheses With... ISSN 0009-2665 Discher, B.; Won, Y.-Y.; Ege, D.; Lee, J C-M.; Bates, F S.; Discher, D E.; Hammer, D A (1999) Polymersomes: Tough Vesicles Made from Diblock Copolymers Science 284, 1143 - 1146 , ISSN 0036-8675 544 Biomimetic Based Applications Espinoza, H A.; Chen, Y.; Dan, N.; Lubensky, T C.; Nelson, P.; Ramos, L.; Weitz, D A (1999) Electrostatic repulsion of positively charged vesicles and negatively charged... 155––180, ISSN 0340-1022 (print), 143 6-5049 (online) Jesorka, A.; Markström, M.; Karlsson, M.; Orwar, O (2005) Controlled Hydrogel Formation in the Internal Compartment of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles J Phys Chem B 109, 147 59 -147 63, ISSN 1089-5647 (print), 1520-5207 (online) Jahn, R.; Scheller, R H (2006) SNAREs —— engines for membrane fusion Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7, 631-643, ISSN 147 1-0072 Kröger, N.; Dickerson,... inorganic particle synthesis (Moffitt et al, 1995; Kommareddi et al, 1996; Rassy et al, 2005; Regev et al, 2004; Faure et al, 2003; Nishikawa et al, 2004; Kim et al, 2000; Wu et al, 2005), gene (Monnard, 2003; Fischer et al, 2002; Tsumoto 526 Biomimetic Based Applications et al, 2001) and protein synthesis (Nomura et al, 2003; Noireaux et al, 2004; Yu et al, 2001) The new research aspect of nanoparticle... 0171-8630 19 Nanoparticle Synthesis in Vesicle Microreactors Peng Yang and Rumiana Dimova Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 144 24, Potsdam, Germany 1 Introduction Numerous microorganisms such as E-coli and yeast are capable of synthesizing inorganic micro- or nano-structures including gold, silver, CdS, ZnS and calcium/silicon -based materials... from (Yang et al, 2009) Copyright WileyVCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA Reproduced with permission 532 Biomimetic Based Applications scanning plane showed no presence of membrane inclusions (free vesicles or membrane fractions) in the fusion zone Therefore, the source of fluorescence is provided by the formed nanoparticles The intensity from this spot increases gradually from 0 s (the starting time point of... CdS materials (600 nm), which further reflects quantum confinement effects by the 10 nm particles observed in TEM It should be mentioned that this enhanced fluorescence had poor reproducibility when the vesicle solutions were not handled carefully This could be attributed to the fragility of 536 Biomimetic Based Applications Fig 9 a) TEM image and b) SAED pattern from the product in the solutions after... those based on the use of fusogenic molecules and laser beams Further possible improvement of the protocol and allowing a better control over the reaction involves the use of monodisperse vesicles rather than polydisperse GUV samples used at present The procedures of micro-contact printing (Taylor et al, 2003; Liu et al, 2007) and extrusion (Tangirala et al, 2007) have shown 538 Biomimetic Based Applications . `>%S,5( @'#2"5(2'74&(E"(-"%57#"&*(!'#(S>%S,5(@'#2"5/(83"("%58(%$&(D"58(#"5,58'#5(D"#"(%##%$A"&(%5('$"( Biomimetic Based Applications 514 3%4@('@(%(E#,&A"/(5"$5"&(@#'-(%(2'$$"28,'$(E"8D""$(f(%$&(C*(!'#(;>%S,5(@'#2"5/(83"($'#83(%$&( 5'783(#"5,58'#5(D"#"(G4%2"&(,$(%(3%4@>E#,&A"/(5"$5"&(@#'-(%(2'$$"28,'$(E"8D""$(1(%$&(B*(Q3"( '83"#(3%4@('@(83"5"(E#,&A"5(D"#"(G%,#5('@(.N(:(.u(-"8%4(@,4-(#"5,58'#5('$('GG'5,8"(5,&"5('@( %$(. %22'#&,$A( 8'( 83"( -%$7@%287#"#( H9'$";D"44( >( Biomimetic Based Applications 512 388Gd\5"$5,$A*3'$";D"44*2'-P/( %( #"G"%8"&(. *(B23"-%8,2(?,%A#%-('@(@'#2"(5"$5'#(2,#27,8*(e$(83"(4"@8(3%$&(5,&"('@(83"(2,#27,8(,5(83"( XQB(sB7#@B8,Ft/(D,83(58#%,$(A%7A"(#"5,58'#5('$(83"(@'7#(5,&"5(H1/B/f/CP('@(83"(2"#%-,2(G'58*(( Biomimetic Based Applications 516 ( !,A*(.0*(?%8%(@#'-(%(-755"4>53%G"&(D%="(@'#2"(5"$5'#/(%2U7,#"&('$(%$("SG'5"&(#'2F;(53'#"( ,$(+%$5%44'5(HBC(f$A4%$&P(,$(!"E#7%#;(.K 83 (0NN`*(Q'G()%$"4d(83#""(%S,5(@'#2"(#"2'#&(%$&( D%="(3",A38(&7#,$A(%(.(-,$78"(G"#,'&*(I"&(m(S/('#%$A"m;/(E4%2FmT(H52%4"('$(4"@8(,$($"D8'$5P/( E47"m(D%="(3",A38(H52%4"('$(#,A38/(,$(-"8"#5P*(+,@8(@'#2"5(%#"(&,5G4%;"&(%5($"A%8,="('$(83"( @'#2"(%S,5*(1'8"(83%8(&#%A(@'#2"5(H#"&(%$&('#%$A"P(%#"(5-%44"#(83%$(4,@8(@'#2"5/(%$&(83%8($'8(%44( D%="5('@("U7,=%4"$8(3",A38(A"$"#%8"("U7,=%4"$8(@'#2"5*(6'88'-()%$"4d(="28'#(G4'8('@( 3'#,T'$8%4(@'#2"5(&7#,$A(83"(5%-"(.(-,$78"(G"#,'&*(1'8"(83"(#'8%8,'$%4(-'8,'$(%5(D%="5( 2#'55(83"(5"$5'#*(( Monitoring