Nâng cao hiệu quả của tư vấn nước ngoài trong các dự án phát triển đô thị tại tp hcm

SO KHOA HOC & CONG NGHt TP HO CHI NIINH TRUNG TAM NGHIEN CUT DO THI & PH AT TRItN tai: 1J(C NGOAI NANG CAO MO QUA V&A TRONG CAC DIY AN PRAT 'MIEN Do THT TAI TP: HO CHI MINH Nhom thu'c hien: PGS.TS Ton Na Quynh Tran (Cht, nhk.m) ThS TrAn Quang Anh TS Nguyen Thien Phil ThS Le Van Nam ThS Dot Phu& Tan ThS Le' DVeu h An ThS IS Tru'cing Thi Hoa ThS.KTS Nguyen Viet Thang TP Ho Chi Minh, thang 10/2007 MIJC LUC PHA.N MO DAU I WIC DICH VA N' Y NGHIA CUA DE TAI II DOI 'WONG NGHIEN ct:ru VA pHAm VI NGHIEN CITU HI LICH SfiNGHIEN CITIJ VAN DE IV PHUZ5NG PHAP NGHIEN Ct.a1 CHUONG MOT TONG QUAN VE CAC DU' AN PRAT 2 TRIEN DO THI TAI TP HO CHI MINH CO SV THAM GIA CUA TU' VAN NU& NGOAI I CAC DIY AN PHAT TRIEN DO THI CO Sir THAM GIA Ttr VAN NUOC NGOAI TAI TP HO CHI MINH 1.Giai doan 1991 — 2000 Giai doan 2000 — 2007 II MOT SO DV AN TIEU BIEU Du an Nang cao Nang luc Quart 1St va Quy hoach DO thi tai TP H6 Chi Minh Du an Nang cap Do thi TP Ho Chi Minh Du an Xay dung Dai 10 Deng — Tay Du an Tang ctrang Nang luc Quan 1)% Giao thong DO thi Du an Cai thin Ve sinh va Nang cap DO thi kenh Tan Hoa - Lo G6m Du an DAL' ttr - Xay dung Khu DO thi mai Thit Thiem III Tir VAN NUtiC NGOAI TRONG HANH LANG PHAP LY VITT NAM 1.Hanh lang phap 1)", clia Viet Nam d6i veri to van nuoc ngoai Cac hinh thirc Ong viec cua to van nuoc ngoai cac du an phat trie'n thi tai TP H6 Chi Minh IV CAC HINH THVC,TUYEN CHQN TU VAN NiTOC NGOAI Tuyen ch9n van theo su chi dinh cita nha tai tra 2.1tra ch9n thong qua du thau Ong khai Quy trinh tuyen ch9n Cac phtrang thirc tuyen ch9n theo quy dinh cita nha tai tra hoac cac to chirc tin dung quoc to CHUONG HAL CAC K.HiA CANH CUA VItC QUAN LY VA SCr DUNG TU' VAN NU'OC NGOAI QUAN LY VA stir I VAI TRO CUA BAN QUAN LY TRONG DUNG CHUYEN GIA TU VAN 1.Ban Quan.V, va viec tuyen ch9n to van Vai tro kiem tra dm Ban quan 1)% Vai tro dieu phoi giira to van vai cac ben có lien quan Nghiem thu va town 13 13 14 16 18 20 22 25 25 34 1,5 36 36 38 38 44 46 49 52 54 II VAI TRO CI.JA CAC S6 NGANH LIEN QUAN 1.Khau tuyen chon, thiet lap TOR D6i vai cac boo cao Ve viec cung cap thong tin Szl 54 55 58 III MOI QUAN HE GIDA CHUYEN GIA VAN Nubc NGOAI VA TU VAN TRONG NU'OC 59 Mo hinh hqp tac gift tir van nude vkiri 2, M6t so thuc to quan he &flu to van nuac ngoai va to van nuac 63 IV HIEU QUA CiJA 'VTEC S.t DUNG TI! VAN NTXOC NGOAI Nhung hieu qua tich cuc 1.1 Tinh chuyen nghiep tac phong va phuong phap lam viec 1.2 Van cle ap clung ky thuat moz 1.3 Phat trien phuong phcip mai ye phat trien Ong clang: Phuong phap tham gia • 1.4 Viin tle sinh thai trona thi 1.5 Dong gap vao chitin lugc phat trien thi quy hooch 1.6 Van de chuyen giao cong nghe tit to vein nuoc ngoai sang phia Viet Nam Cac ton tai viec sir dung to van nu& ngoai 2.1 Nhang kheic biet gifia hai ben: nha to vein va phia ngueri set dung to van , 2.2 Nhang thieu sot, sai lam czia to van nu-6.c ngoai mot so du On phat trien thi tai TP Ha Chi Minh 2.3 Khci Wing quan I);, sir dung ciia phia Viet Nam CHUONG BA GIAI PHAP VA MEN NGIII NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOAT BONG CiJA Tif VAN N-UbC NGOAI I GIAI PHAP Giai phap nang cao nang luc ciia Ban quan 1)", va Ong su ngu6i Viet lam viec voi to van ntrac ngoai 1.1 Nang cao ming luc ci.ici Ban Qucin 13; du On 1.2 Nang cao ky nang clic: d6i ngu tic win nuac Tang cubing phoi hqp, trao d6i thong tin gitia cac ben lien quan 2.1 Giai phap king cubing ph6i hop gifia cac ben 2.2 Giai phap tang cubing trao dal thong tin Vita cac ben II MEN NGHI 1.Cac S6, Nganh ph6 Cac cap BO, Nganh Trung Iron KET LUAN TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 67 67 67 68 70 72 73 76 83 83 88 96 98 98 98 103 103 103 105 10,7 107 III 114 117 Bang vi'h tat ALD: Activities of limited duration APPR: Annual Project Progress Report APR: Annual Project Review AWP: Annual Work Plan CAP: Contracts, Asset and Procurement Committee CP: Country Programme CPAD: Country Programme Action Plan CS: Cosr sharing CV: Curriculum Vitae JD: Job Description M&E : Monotoring and Evaluation NGO : Non-Governmental Organiiatioii ODA: Official Development Assistance PM: Project Manager PMU: Project Manager Unit TOR: Terms of Reference UN: United Nations UNDP: United Nations Development Programme PHAN M6 DAU I MIJC RICH NGHIA CiJA DE TAI Tir sau nam 1986, TP H6 Chi Minh xay dung va hoan thien ca so tang thi Nhieu chtrcrng trinh, nhieu du an da ducrc da.0 to vao cac viec nang c4), trang thi nhu xay dung dtrOng sa, cai tao he thong kenh rach, xaa•cac khu nha lup xup, lap cac khu tai dinh cu, nang cAp he th6ng cung cAp ntrac va ntrarc thai Nhieu du an da va dang tien hanh viec thay da d6i thit Co cac du an vai von cfaz to cua ntrac ngoai (v6n vien tro khong hoan lai va von vay tin dung tru dai) nhu ODA, UNDP, JICA da dugc trien khai Chi rieng ODA da co 50 du an ke tir nam 1993 den nam 2002 Ben canh cac du an co von mac ngoai, la cac du an voi von ngan sach Nha nuoc He tri mac da phat trien cao, phi can nhieu h6" tro ky- ihuat to Ian, quan tong nhAt sir dung va chuyen giao cac dich vu thi Tu van ntrac ngoai ca mOt vai tro quan tong cac du an phat trien thi NM-mg du an phat trien thi Ay la m6i trtrong cho cac nha to van phat huy vai tro cua minh Cac nha tu van ntrac ngoai la nhang chuyen gia car trinh cao, kien thirc cap 'that hien dai, trinh da ngoai nga va vi tinh rat tot, tac phong lam viec chuyen nghiep, bai ban Ho da co I-tilting clang gap nhAt dinh cho viec thuc hien cac du an Nhimg dang gap ay clang ke, iilumg vin nhieu han the vi nhieu nguyen nhan can dirge Icham pha Cac nha to vAn ntrac ngoai chua phat huy het kha nang ciia minh va phia Viet Nam ma cu the la TP H6 Chi Minh thi chua khai Iliac het khamang chAt xam chAt luting cao Khoang cach gift hai ben kha xa XuAt phat tir nhu cau caa thuc tin Ay, de tai "Nang cao hieu qua caa hr van tutor ngoai cac (lir an phat triin thi" ca muc tieu chung la 1/Xern xet hieu qua thuc to cong viec cua cac nha to vAn ntroc ngoai, cac sin pham ma nha to van tao san pham cita ho co dap ling dirge su mong dgi cua Nha !woe V.* Nam, dm TP He Chi Minh cling nhu dap ling yeu cad phat trien thi ben vihig cua ph6 hay khong; vAn de dao tao chuyen giao nhu the nao? 2Ne phia Thanh co tiep thu &roc het cac san pham ma nha tu van mang lai hay khong? Chang to ca dit sirc xir cac san pham de mang lai hieu qua t6i uu chua? 3/ Tren ca so nhang tan tai, de tai twang tai viec dua nhimg kien nghi, giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua cac boat dang cua tu van ntrac ngoai, hieu qua gnan ly tu van ntrac ngoai va hieu qua viec chuy'n giao cong ngh Ve mat vi mo, de tai huoug den viec phan tich va giai dap cac van de ctt the, tap trung cac cau hoi sau day: Viec chua phat huy het hieu qua dm cac nha tuVan nuac ngoai phai chang la nhieu cach biet ve quan diem va phtroug phap gifra hai ben? Phai chang la cac to van ntrot ngoai chua nom rO chit truang hay cac ca che lust phap hoc tinh hinh thuc tien caa Viet Nam? Hay day la hqp dEng rang buOc khong chat che? Trinh dO caa to van nuac co dit ae co the lam viec va tier) thu cac ky nang caa to van nu& ngoai khong? VAn de chuyen giao cong nghe có duvc (tat mit cach nghiem Pic khong, hay to van ntrac chi dtrqc hoc "lam"? Phai chang giva to van nu& ngoai va tir van ntrot van mot hang rao ngan cach lam can tra viec ph& hop hanh dOng cho nhip nhang, hay day la su khac biet git"ra cac nen van hoa? Hieu qua cong viec ctia cac to van ntrac ngoai co tircmg thich vdri thit lao rat cao ma ho nhan duqc tir phia cac nha tai trq, hay tir phia Viet Nam? Lay nen tang tir ket qUa-phan tich va giai dap cacVan " de neu ten, de tai se: de nhang bien phap mang tinh chat chung cho viec sir dung hieu qua to van 'mac ngoai, tan dung dugc nguon chAt xim chat luqng cao, dEng thai gip cho tranh duqc nh&ng va cham hay that thoat khong can thiet khong nhirng cho cac du an va chung cho phat trien thi cis TP HE Chi Minh II DOI TUVNG NGHIEN CUIJ VA PHAM VI NGHIEN CIrYJ D6i ttroug nghien cfru chit yeu la sin pham caa nha to van, ban than cac chuyen gia to van qu6c t6, cac cong ty to van ntrdrc ngoai dang tham gia vao cac du an phat trien thi tai TP HE Chi Minh, cac ban quan 1j, du an va cac ser nganh có lien quan den viec dieu ph6i, sir dung dich vu to van ntrac ngoai Pham vi nghien ciru: dia ban TP HE Chi Mirth bao gEm cac du an phat trien thi da va dang trien khai III LICH Sir NGHIEN ciru VAN BE • Tinh hinh, nghien ciru ngoii we're Thi truarng to van tai cac nu& dang phat trien ma dO la cac nu& Dong Nam A da thu hat su chi y cis cac nha hoach dinh chieri luqc thi Da có mot so cong trinh nghien cut cita cac nha khoa hoc mrac ngoai nghien ciru ve to van cac linh vuc xay dkmg ca sa tang thi cu the a qu6c- gia rani- cong trinh nghien ciru cis hai tac gia Eric Baye va Jean Michel Cusset (1992) Les consultants dans le secteur des transports urbains en Asie du Sud-Est: Cas des Philippines et de I'Indonesie (Tu vAn nu& ngoai linh vuc giao thong thi a Deng Nam A: Nghien ciru trixong hop a Philippines va Indonesia), L'Harmattan, Paris, 1992 Hai tic gia cling co viec tham luan: "Vai tro thAm Binh cua chuyen gia to vAn nuac ngoai doi vii cac du an giao thong thi a Viet Nam hei thao Ha Noi Thanh pha (lac thlz va nhang lcra chon cho phat triers, to chirc tai Ha Nei 10 np,ay 12/11 den 14/10/2003 Hai tic gia c6 cong trinh Expertises locales et etrangeres dans les infrastructures urbaines au Vietnam (Tu vAn qu6c to va nhang Ioi nhuan cua h9 Iinh vuc xay dung co sa tang thi Viet Nam) cita Vien Economie et Humanisme, Lyon, Phap Cong trinh hoan vac thang gieng nam 2004 De thuc hien de tai nay, hai tic gia ten va cac cOng tic vien da tien hanh khao sat met se du an c6 tir van quec to tham gia dang dugc then khai Viet Nam C6ng trinh cila Susan Scott-Stevens Foreign Consultants and Counterparts: Problems in Technology Transfer (Tu van nu& ngoai va nhimg dong nhiem: Cac vAn de chuyen giao cong nghe), Westview Press, 1987, xem xet hieu qua viec chuyen giao cong nghe tir hr vAn mak ngoai Tac gia Stan Hurd voi dog trinh The consultant's role: A handbook for consultants and those who use them (Vai ire dm to vAn: so tay cho nhang nha to vAn va flitting ngoai sir dung dich vu to vAn) NXB Fina Corporation, 2000, dua ky nang sir dung co hieu qua ttr vAn nirac ngoai tir each chon lua to vAn, darn phan hop &Ong, huy deng to vAn, ki&n tra to vAn den met se kinh nghiem viec sir dung to vAn Tren day la met nguen tir lieu dang chti y, nhin tir lam ca sa nghien ciru cho ahem thuc hien de tai tham khao • Tinh hinh nghien ciru ntrat nghien ciru ding anh vuc cua de tai kha mai me a Viet Nam, vi the nguen tr lieu tham Ithao co lien quan hien & Viet Nam khong nhic>.u Tnrac het, xuAt phat tir thuc tien sir dung tir vAn nude ngoai, cac caquart co lien quan da ban hanh met se van ban hanh chinh quy dinh boat &Ong dm tit van not chung cac cong trinh xay dung nhir "Dinh mcrc chi phi thiet ke cong trinh xay dung va to vAn d'Au tie' (Van ban ciia BO Xay dung ban harsh thang 7/2001); "Quyet dinh ciia BO Xay dung ve viec ban hanh quy dinh quan 1)% chdt him cac cong trinh xay dung", ban hanh thang 6/2003; hay "Quyet dinh tam thoi cua UBND TP He Chi Minh ve hirong din quan 1)% xay dung cac ding trinh co sa ha' tang de thi tai TP Ho Chi Mirth", ban hanh thang 7/2003 Cac van ban the hien rO slf hien dien cua tu vdri ntrac ngoai tai Viet Nam cling nhu tai TP Ho Chi Minh, qua not len nhu cau cao cua viec sir dung di:5i ngu Hoi thao co quy mo quec gia vai cha de "Lira chon va quan ly tu van" dugc to chdc tai Da Nang vao nam 1998 dap img dugc nhu cAu ve tir van nir& !r,(0i 0.62 phia Viet Nam vao giai down dAu cua viec trien khai cac du an c6 sir tham gia cua tu van ntrac ngoai HQi thao gem nhieu tham Juan 'thong nhiing cua phia Viet Nam ma cua cac ttr yin mac ngoai c6 tham gia vao cac du an thi Ca hai phia di tim tieng not chung de tien den mot six hop tac c6 hieu qua va ben yang Day la met tap to lieu rat c6 ich cho de tai, cung cap cai nhin tong quat ve vAn de lua ch9n to vAn, quan 1.)./ tu van va hieu qua dm viec sir dung tu yin vao giai down dAu ciia thai ky Doi mai Thong 6/2003, ser ray dung TP Ho Chi Minh da cha tri hQi nghi Chjn chinh va tang cudeng cong tac quern1j, chdt lucmg Q sa Ichao sat, thiit ke 107 thuat va tong du town cac cong trinh xay dtmg tren dia ban TP He Chi.Minh HOi nghi da co van ban dilc ket, phan tIch met se yeu ken cong tac trien khai du an ten dia ban phe, d6 co neu &tang nhucc diem va sai pham cua ttr van thiet ke va to van giam sat Ngoai ra, bao chi ding dun mgt se bai viet lien quan den vAn d to vAn ntrac ngoai, nhu bai "Quin ly hog dOng cua nha thAu mrac ngoai thuc hien dich vu to vAn xay dung va xay lap cong trinh tai Viet Nam" dm Hoang Th9 Vinh, Pho.vu tnrong Vu chinh sach xay dung - BO ray dung, dang Tap chi Xay dung, so 4, 2002 Bai bao diem qua mot se kinh nghiem quan 15/ nha thAu va to van ntrac ngoai mot se ntrac ten the giai va nhAn manh a Viet Nam viec quy dinh.nha thAu, nha tu van ntrac ngoai can dam bao mot se dieu kien va can lien danh, lien ket vai nha thau Viet Nam nham to dieu kien cho cac nha thAu, cac Icy six cua Viet Nam co dieu kien h9c h6i, nang cao trinh de quan Iy va tiep can nhung cong nghe, ky thug hien dai Tac gia cling cho rang viec quan ly to vAn va nha thAu ntrac ngoai cars dugc quy dinh van ban clued clang nghi dinh cua Chinh phu, hoc guy& dinh cua Thu tuang de dam bao tinh thong nhAt va deng be quan 151 nha nude, vai attic tieu dam bao chu quyen cua nu& chic nha, huang clAn va to dieu kien thuan loi cho phap nhan nuerc ngoai host dOng dich vu tu van xay dung va xay lip cong trinh D&' cap ,cin su hQi nhap cua tu van ntrac vao "san chai" cua khu vtrc va the giai Ong Nguyin Sinh Hy, Vu tnrang Vu h9p tac Quec to - BO Xay dung co bai "Tu van xay dung va xay dung Viet Nam tian trinh h6i nhap kinh (-11160 ti" dang tren Tap chi ny dung, s6 10, 2003 Tac gia cho rang hien d6i su, kin true str Viet Nam c6 the dap ling dirge yeu cau va mat chuyen mon, nhung han the ve ngoai ngir, kha nang khai thac va cap nhat thong tin, kern va cac ky nang quan 13% du an, tai chinh, mai tnrang, ngu6n nhan luc, hart the hien ih(rc ve phap luat thtrang mai, luat quac t6 Tdt ca nhiing diau anh htrang kh6ng nho dan hieu qua hoat d(ing lien danh vai nha thau, nha to van ntr6c ngoai Lien quan dan van nang luc cua nha to van, nha bao Ly Hoang Ly co bai "Chat ltrong kern vi to van kern" dang tren bac Thanh nien ngdy 13/11/2002 Bai bac tong hop y kin cita cac chuyen gia tai cu'6c hOi thao Theit thoat cleiu to xay dung co• ban nhin to gac d6 tu vein Phong Thucrng mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam to chirc 11/11/2003 Cac chuyen gia dau cho rang tu van kem la nguyen nhan dan dan cac cong trinh xay dung kern chat Itrong, can phai c6 bien phap chart chinh van da nhu giam bat nhting ngtrari khOnican thiat tham gia vao qua trinh dau to d tranh tang phi, can mirth bach, cong khai hoa cac cong down va tai chinh D6 cap Tan viec xir ly cac sai pham d6i v6i tu van, nha bao Tran Phan CO bai viat "CO the phat ca to van va thi& ka" dang ten bao Lao Ong 1/3/2004 Tac gia dan kin cua 6ng Tran Quang Phtrong, PhO giam d6c Sa Giao th6ng COng chanh TP H6 Chi Minh cho rang Icy/ kat hop d6ng can phai kern theo cac diau khoan quy dinh mirc phat tian cu the d tranh tnrong hop phia nha tu van, thiat ka khong nghiem tic thuc hien hop d6ng, co the dan dan viec chain tre thuc hien cong trinh Lien quan dan goc d6 quan 1y, Tian si Nguyen Minh Nghi co bai viat "Dao tao quan ly du an" dang tren Tu& tre Chzi nhat 16/11/2003 Bai bao de cap den van da can thiat phai gap rut dao tao mot cach bai ban d6i ngu nhimg nha lam quan 15, du an gioi va chuyen mon, nghiep vu de diau hanh du an mot each hieu qua, co viec thue mu6m va tan dung t6i da chat xam cua to van mr6c ngoai Nhin churl., cac van ban va cac bai viat ka tren da da cap clan van da quan ly tu van ntrOc ngoai, rthien van de lai mot mang can phai nghien cuts, la tim hieu va phan tich hat cac tac Ong chit quan cling nhu khach quan dan viec sir dung hieu qua tu van ntroc ngoai cac du an ghat trian thi cua ph6 Tir nhang tu lieu ke tren, nhom nghien ciru de taijiEp tijc di sau tim hieu nhiau khia canh, chit y dan nhiing yau to chit quan va khach quan tac d6ng den ca hai phia: phia sir dung tu van va phia nha to van da dua ductc nhang nguyen nhan an den viac chua phat huy hat nang 'Arc cua dOi ngu chuyan gia ttr van quac to cac citr an phat trian thi o thank phci ta IV PlitiONG PHAP NGIIIEN COIJ - Phucrng phap nghien cuu nr lieu: Tham khao cac tai lieu, cac quy dinh quy ch'a, ludt va van ban dm% qllan dAv IN, dOng to vfi.» - Pinrong phap dinh tinh: Thu thap cac thong tin va cac du an, ve hoat dOng cua cac nha to van qu6c te, to van nuac Khao sat thuc dia tai not tri'en khai du an Phong van cac to van ntrefc ngoai, hong ntr6c - Ap dung phutmg phap chuyen gia qua cac cu6c seminar - Phucmg phap tong hgp: T6ng hop cac du kiln, to lieu c6 dugc de bien soan philc trinh du an nen cong tac giai trinh, thuyet minh du an da dal dugc ding va dtrac Thu itrang Chinh phis chap thuan phe duyet Tir thuc to ten, neu giai quy6t dtrac tot rn6i quan he giira to van nu6c va tu van ntrac ngoai giai doan chuan bi du an, chi dugc hoac quy dinh m61: cach cu the m6i quan he se giup cho BQL du an khang tem nhieu th?ii gian, cong sirc ding nhu tiet kiem drat chi phi giai do4n chuan bi dAu tu, d8ng thori lam tang tinh kha thi dm du an D6i v&i cac chuyen gia to van mr6c, viec hgp tac voi chuyen gia mr6c ngoai thai gian qua kh6ng phai luc nao ding suon se Tuy nhien, nem in6i quart he tot dep va thuan Lai thi Ichong nhimg dau cua du an c6 chat lugng ma tao dugc ca h6i ve sau cho ca nhan va tap the, hira hen ti'em nang phat trien nghe nghi'ep sau du an ket thtic Trong m6i quan he hgp tac doi hoi sir no luc va ton-trong d6i tac nuac cua chuyen gia to van mr6c ngoai Ong Toshio "Nagase, dai dienQuy hap- tic kinh to hai ngo4i Nhat Ban tai Viet Nam (OECF) cho ring cac chuyen gia tu van lam viec tai Viet Nam can hieu ro thgc t6 Viet Nam, ton d6i tac phia Viet Nam la dieu cot y'eu de cung tac tot voi cac chuyen gia to van dia phuong Ban than chuyen gia ttr van va to chirc tu van nu& ngoai cling can co sty phoi hap yen theo terng ding doan Th6ng thtriIng, mit du an phat trien thi Chia lam nhieu ding do4n, cong doan trtrac m6t vii chuyen gia ntrac ngoai dam nhiem Sau hoan hg ban giao 14i cho chuyen gia mr6c ngoai ke cong doan sau Do vay, viec phi hgp va ke thira glib hg la rat quan va anh huang den ket qua ctia dg an Qua khdo sat tai du an Dai 10 Deng Tay oho chuyen gia Nhat thtrOng ban giao va ke thira rat tot viec nay, gin nhu mang tinh cong nghiep cao Dieu ding gOp phin anh huang den hieu qua lam viec cua cac chuyen gia tu van town b6 du an 2.2 Gidi phcip tang cuo.ng trao croi thong tin gifra cdc ben 2.2.1 Cung alp thong tin cuing 17'4c, chinh xac vet d4 chi Viec trao d6i thong tin va cung cap th6ng tin, s6 lieu tin ca.y cho tu van mr6c ngoai CO anh huong rat lOn d61 vai hieu qua host d6ng va san pham diu cda dich vu tu van Cac chuyen gia tu van di' rat gioi ding khOng the cung cap dich vu mat cach tot nhat neu nhtr hg khong c6 du kha nang tiep can voi cac thong tin can thiet Cac thong tin, du lieu thuang cac ca quan nha nu& nim girr Nhieu nai doi ICt5 hoi chuyen gia to van phai tra tien mai co dugc nhiing thong tin, so lieu mmnh can Le la dieu 14 di vai nha to van mrac ngoai Han nira, thuang la khong c6 du tit ngan sach cho viec truck Su chAm tie cung cap thong tin nhieu rat nghiem trong, nhat la tnrarng hap cac chuyen gia to van co mire the' lao cao lai phai "ngii chcri xai nuac" khong CO cid du lieu Thiilt chlit va inh lurang den tien dO dm du an ma phia chit dau to ganh chiu la khong the tranh kh6i Vi vay, cac s8 lieu, th6ng tin phai doge chuAn bi k' luting va dAy dti de cung cap cho to van bat du cong viec BQL phai xac dinh dugc rang viec cung cap clAy du thong tin cho to van la van de rat quan tong, no giiip to van met thai gian ngin nam bat dugc cac vAn de ca ban clia du an va gip cho to van chtiAn bi tit han cac de xuat Trach nhiem ctia ca hai phia la phai xet xem nguon thong tin dugc dua sir dung c6 chinh xic va_dti de tin cAy kliing Dieu doi hoi Ca hai ben phai chi Binh rO rang nhang ca nhan nao chiu trach nhiem tri lien lac Cach thong thuang la m8i ben cu mot nguai chit' trach nhiem ve van de Khong co cach nao khac de tranh dugc su hieu lam hay tranh cal thuc hien nhang cam ket hgp ding tit han la dam bao he thing titling tin lien lac thong suit va hoan hao vai PMU ding can phai giup to yin nam dugc nhimg hang muc quan trong du an cung nhtr du kien dugc nht`mg tinh huong kho khan co the gap phai qua trinh thuc thi du an Muc dich cua van de giup cho to van hieu ky cac hang muc du an, cac khg khan va thuAn lgi cita du an Dieu coy nghia rat 16.n dii vai tir van viec chuan bi tit cac de xuat ky thuAt va viec am hieu ve de ctrang nhiem vu, mOi tnrong thuc hien cong viec Viec cung cap thong tin day du gap phAn han the nhang xung det ve phong each lam viec, each irng xir girra to van mrac ngoai va cac ben lien quan nu6c ChUng ta deu biet ring co su khac biet ve van hga gaua xa hOi Viet Nam I/6i cac chuyen gia to van den tir nhieunuoc khac ten the giai Cac d4c diem khac biet ve van hoa doi gay chain tre cho cong viec dm hr van Cac chuyen gia to van nuac ngoai chuyen nghiep thuang hieu dugc su can thiEt phai tuan thu cac yeu cau van hoa cua ntrac chit nha, song lai thuang khong hieu rO nhang van de cu the va nhay cam nen thuang xay nhimg hAu qua clang tiec Co the de dang tranh dirge nhting van de thuc loci neu chting ta tien hanh cung • cap cac thong tin ca ban cho to vAn bie't ve cac van de lien quan va luon sa-n long to 106 vin cho cac chuyen gia to van qua trinh thuc hien du an meii hieu lam co xay Fa su 2.2.2 Dal ngit phien dich tot Can phai c6 mot (RN ngu phien dich tot, ducrc ciao tao bai ban, hi&I hict Ors, van de cira du an de giirp t r van lam viec vai cac ca quan nugc, trao dOi thong tin vai cac chuyen gia Viet Nam tham gia du an Neu khong c6 dCi phien dich hoac chit lugng chuyen ngir khong tot thi chuyen gia to van nu& ngoai chi c6 the lam viec vai hieu qua rat thap Viec dam bao c6 du phien dich c6 chat ltrong la can thiet tir dau ctia du an va su6t thai gian thuc hien du an II MEN NGHI Dtra ten ket qua nghien ciru va dtra tren nhieu y kien cita cac chuyen gia ve thi, de tai dua mgt se) kien ngh_i den cac cap, ban nganh c6 lien quan den viec sir dung to van ntr6c ngoai Cac Nganh phi!, 1.1 Tuyin chon Ban Quan ly du-a tren tieu chutin 'Ong luv: Nang Arc la tieu chuan dau tien ctia viec lua chon ben earth tieu chuan ve dao dirc Thanh ph6 va cac so nhanh can lua ch9n nhrng than vien dit tieu chuan, co flan; hrc thtsc su de du-a vao lam viec cac BQL du an Cac tieu chart lira chgn can phai dtra ten cac y6u t6 nhtr kien thirc thuOc linh vuc cda du an, co ky nang quan 1)% du an, co kha nang thu but viec chuyen giao ding nghe, co trinh ngoai ngir de giao tiep true tiep dugc vai chuyen gia mirk ngoai Khong nen lua chon Ban Quan 1)% vi co cite hay vi phai phan cong nhan su Can dung ngtr6i dung tam va c6 tam 1.2 Trao quyen cho BQL rang rill han: Tham quyen cua co quan quart 1)% du an hien nhieu giai han BQL la ngoai lam viec trvc ti6p vai to van, nen dugc trao quyen nhieu hot viec thuc hien du an, dac biet la cac ky su, cac chuyen gia kv thuat Ngoai ra, can phai xay dung quy the hoat Ong cita BQL der an, quy dinh cu the quyen han va trach nhiern cua BQL du an cling nhu cua nhang ca nhan gift vai to quan trong phan BQL Ben canh do, cac ca quan chirc nang cua phe) c6 lien quan den du an can day nhanh qua trinh quyEt dinh va cung cap nhirng thong tin chi ti6t hon ve lich trinh thuc hien viec tharn dinh cua minh Ritt ngin dugc th6i gian tham tra, phe duyet, phan bien se gOp phan khong keo dai them thati gian thuc hiEn h9p C/Ong to van, tiet kiem dugc rat nhiEu chi phi va dam bao dung tien dO dm du an 107 1.3 Phan cap rach roi, hop 1)", giiia chic ddu 1u va BQL: 1-li4n nay, sic phan cap quart ly du an chtra 1.6 rang va nhieu chOng cheo Can phai phan dinh quyen han va nghra vu cua chic d'L to (UBND phei va UBND Lac quan/huyen) va BQL du L Thong thuong, cac BQL du an chit Au to quyet dinh lap, giao nhiem vu va kiem tra thuc hien Chu (tau tu cait phai tlutrc hi(n tot khoan va Ichoan Dieu caa Nghi dinh 112/2006/ND-CP Theo nghi dinh thi chit dau to chiu trach nhiem thuc hien nhiem vu, quyen han ke tir giai doan thu ban giao va dua cong trinh vac chuan bi du an, thuc hien du an den khai that sir dung dam bao tinh hieu qua, tinh lcha thi cua du an va tuan this cac quy giap chit dinh caa phap luat Chu dAu to c6 trach nhiem lap BQL du an dAu tu quan ly thuc hien du an Viec giao nhiem vu va ay quyen cho BQL du an phai dugc the hien guy& dinh lap BQL du an Chu dau tu ding phai la rigtrari di-hang lti85c chuyen mon, c6 trach nhiem chi dao, kiem tra va chiu trach nhiem ve ket qua thuc hien nhiem vu, quyen han caa BQL du an Chu dau tu can phai tao dieu kien va trao quyen cho BQL du an thue to chirc, ca nhan Pr van de tham gia quan 1Y, giam sat met s6 phan viec Ichong c6 du dieu kien, nang ltrc de tu thuc hien Nguyen tic chung BQL du an khong the dam throng tot viec gi thi dugc thue to chirc, ca than to van Tuy nhien, neu BQL du an c6 dAy da dieu kien va nang lac dam duang met s6 nhiem vu nhu lap hO so mai thAu, phan tich danh gia hO so du thau, giam sat ky thuat thi ding, giArn sat lap dat thief bi thi h9 phai dugc hut:Mg phan chi phi ld phai di thuE to chirc tu v'An ben ngoai a 1.4 Dao tgo va dao tao lgi BQL: Co hai hinh thirc dao tao, la dao tao chinh ' VE dao tao chinh quy, can m& chuyen nganh dao tao quy va dao tao ngan quan 11, du an va giant sat du an nhir la met nganh hoc chinh quy cac tnri:mg dai h9c co dugc nhang can be chuyen sau ve Mitt vitt Ben canh do, ph6 ding can uu tien cir can be di dao tao & cac nuac tien tien y&' rnh we quail ly dir an de kip thei nam bat dugc cong nghe quan ly hien dai, du sirc giam sat va dieu hanh cac du an lon, phirc tap rinh vtrc phat trien thi Ve dao tao ngin ngay, cAn•ma nh&ng Ichoa bOi cimang ngan de b6 sung met so kien thirc chuyen mon nghiep vu cho cac can be caa BQL Day la viec lam cap bach va rat can thief hien Vi vay, de nghi BO Ke hoach va Dau tu ding cac ca quan chirc nang quan tam xem xet va c6 ke hoach dao tao cho cac don vi dang va se that hien du an co lien quan den viec sir dung dich vu tu van nu& ngoai Thong • qua hinh thirc dao tao ngan han nay, can long ghep chtrcrng trinh trao doi, hgc tap kinh nghiem d6i vbi cac 108 can b6 true tiep tham gia cac cong tic lien quan den tir van Day la nhang co 1.)Oi de cac PMU cap nhAt nhang thong tin mai nhAt, trao d6i cac vuang mac da x.ay va xac dinh dune cac phucrng an xirl3% tOi uu 1.5 DOi xu binh d'cing dai voi nhan vien nguyi Viet: M6t van de nita sung phai xem xet cai thien la thu nhap cua nhan vien ngtroi Viet lain vi.o , du an hien Tren thuc te, ltrcmg cua BQL, chuyen gia nuac va Itrang chuyen gia nude ngoai c6 khoang each rat xa C3 cac du an von vay ODA, tren mot du an, lucrng Icy sir Viet Nam rat thap so verilq sir nuac ngoai M6t chuyen gia to van tnrarig cda nuac ngoai throng c6 ltrcmg dr 20.000 den 25.- 000 USD/thing Ching han nhu luang cua chuyen gia Kondon thuc cong ty to van Pacific Consultants International - Nhat Ban lam viec cho du an Dai I6 Dong Tay va Moi truing nuac theo ke khai cua BQL du an tai Cvc thue TP H6 Chi Minh la 3.250.000 Yen/thang (tucmg &rang vai 400 trieu dOng/thang) Marc Krung rO rang la mot chenh lech rat Ian so yeti thu nhap cua ngir6i lam cong tic quan 13% dkr an va ky su to van phia Viet Nam Chang ta khong the doi hOi Nha ware IA hrong bang vai chuyen gia nuac ngoainhtmg cong phai thu hep naa mat bAng hrung so voi hien de dOng vien va tao dieu kien tot nhAt cho anh em quan Ijr du an Op trung het six luc vao cong viec.3 1.6 Thiat lap mang lu-ai thong tin c6 lien quan din to van nu-6.c ngoai: Du hien mang ltrai Internet da cho phep cluing ta truy cap doge nhieu thong tin ve cac du an va cac van de ve to vAn nuac ngoai, nhung du nhang thong tin Ay Van tan man, chua he th6ng, to chua co tic dung cao ve thong tin cling nhu ve b6i &rang, trao d6i kinh nghiem Nen lap m6t n6i san viet ye cac du an va vicOng tic to vAn gifip cho raffling can b6 thuc hien-du an nim doge chic ham nhang thong tin ve cac nha tir van ' va nh&ng kinh nghiem viec lua chcn, quan 15/ to van, nhang mat da lam tot va chua tot cac du an da va dang thuc hien tai cac dia phucnag Day khong nhang la din dan chia se kinh nghiem cua nhang ngucri true tiep lam viec vai tir van nuac ngoai ma la ncri giri gam nhimg tam Thu lao cho to van nuac a nhieu cong ty Viet Nam deli lac chua hqp ly so voi mirc thin lao ma thuc to hq duqc nhan, mac da cong six dong gop cCia ky six Viet Nam kha cao Tu van nu& ngoai ky hqp d6'ng thue ky su nuac voi muc Itrong trung binh ta 800 den 1.300 USD/thing Cac dine ty, sau trir thus, lai doanh nghiep, chi phi quan 1Y, se tra lucrng thing cho ky sir ma minh cir di tham gia to vAn stiam sat dr cac du an khoing 5-7 trieu dOng, cao nhat la 10 Viet' dcing/thang Mire lucrng nhu vay qua Chap Do vay, da mac dinh vai tro ho trq thuc str cUa ttr van nuac dudri go:5c dq thuc tien va dac thu can quy dinh mire thii lao cho arcing 'ding voi mire dq /Jong gop cua ho 109 tit, nguyen vong, nhiing kien nghi den cac ban nganh co lien quan viec chinh b6 sung chinh sach cho sat hgp vai thuc te Thanh lap danh sach cac cong ty to v? dn nworc ngoai co ch& Izzong: Trong thai gian tai, ph6 can lap mOt to chirc chuyen thu th'ap cac thong tin thiet yeu ve cac cong ty to Van (ca va ngoai nuac) a mOt so Iliih vvo lien quart den phat trien dO thi rilur giao th8ng, quy hoach, mai tnrang, cap de gulp cac ca quan quart ly du an clang ham viec tuyen chon to van mac ngoai, lciem chirng cac thong tin c6 ski giai thieu cua phia tai trq hoac cac 16 chirc tin dung a 1.8 Thanh lap danh sach cac cong ty to vein fluor: Chung to cling rat can nhang thong tin ve cac cong ty tir vAn nuac co dieu kien chon lkra rang rai Ta chua c6 danh sach cac nha to vAn cling ithu cac hang tir vAn c6 trinh dO cao Tlianh lap-danh sach dOi ngiittr vAn nuac la mOt cach h6 trq tich cue cho cac BQL Viec len danh sach doi hoi phai cong bang, khong thien vi thi mai co dtrgc mOt danh sach c6 ich a 1.9 Dely manh cu thg: viec chuyjn giao cong ng14: Vai dieu khoan 40 ca Lust dau tit, ban hanh 1/7/2006, Nha nuac khuyin khich viec chuyen giao vac Viet Nam ding nghe tien tien, cong nghe ngu6n va cac ding nghe de tao san phAm mai, nang cao nang luc san xuAt, nang lkrc canh tranh, chAt lugng san phAm, tiet kiem va sir dung c6 hieu qua nguyen lieu, nhien lieu, nang lugng, tai nguyen thien nhien Sau do, vAn de chuyen giao cong nghe da dugc Thit twang Chinh phd quan tam yeti Quyet dinh 131/2007/QE) TTg, theo viec tuyen chon to van se uu tien cho nhting cong ty nao c6 dat van de chuyen giao Vai cac van ban phap 13't nay, cac hgp d'ong vai to van, cac Chit dAu to can neu dieu khoan rang buOc 1.8 rang va khoa hoc, khong nen chi neu chung chung ve viec Trong cac 1/Dao tao va ngoai nuac, phuang an chuyen giao, thi ca hai phucmg chuAn 2/Chuyen giao qua trinh lam viec la co hieu qua hon phuang giao sau ket thuc du an Ngoai viec chuyen giao, can c6 mOt chien Itrgc phat trien lau dai de nang nang luc cua chuyen gia nuac Cac to vAn ntro'c can có mOt 10 trinh phat trien theo thang bac ctia trinh d6 va theo qua trinh D6i ngu hr vAn nuac khong the met semi mOt chieu ma tra mOt dOi nga manh, nang lkrc cao dugc ma can co chien lugc phat trien lau dai tir yen den manh clan len Kinh nghiem cua Trung Queic khoang 10 nam troy lai day cho tidy, cac ph6 ctia Trung Qu'ac thuc sr la nhimg nai thu hitt cac cong ty thiet ke lan HO va cac kien trilc su not tieng nhat the giei tham gia yen rat nhieu ding trinh danh tieng Song song veri do, nhieu cong ty tir van nir6c ding da clan dAn trirong th6ng qua six hop tac quec te, san sang dec lap thiet ke va dam nhan nhieu cong doan chinh cac du an quan tong Trung Quec da co met chinh sach Igo nhat quan tir Nha nuac, c6 met 10 trinh cho viec hyp tac va nang cao ngu ky six tir Van nu6c Trong - 10 nam dau hy phan loci to van theo nang luc cac cong ty lon, nho c6 kha nang dam nhan nhUng cong viec phia hop vbi nang luc cua minh Cac hop deng lan cua tu van nuarc ngoai bat bu'ec c6 su hyp tac va phan chia cong viec cho to van mroc co dieu kien tham gia trien ' nude cila Trung Quec TA' tilting khai thiet ke thi cong Sau 10 nam, tu van thanh, du sirc dam duang cong viec cac du an 16n Hien nay, hy chi thue tu van mrac ngoai thief key tutrng thong qukcac cuec thi tuyen quec t6 de "mua" sir dee dao tong sang lac, ky thuat ding nghe va de' cac ky su, kien truc su nir6c trien khai thiet ke thi cong Viec lam met mat xay dung dugc dei ngii tir van chuyen nghiep co nang luc dam nhiem cac cong trinh tong diem quec gia, mat khac tiet kiem cac chi phi tai chinh mang lai hieu qua cho doanh nghiep va dAt wen /JO Cac set chuyen man nen c6 chu trucrng 118 try tich cgc BQL cac du an viec than dinh, phan bien cac bao cao cua cac tu van nuk ngoai Xem tang tat ca cac bao cao cua tir van, dua cac phan bien nhanh va co trach nhiem la viec can lam dei yen cac str-ttniyen mon 1.11 Cac dia phucrng cling can c6 nhimg quy dinh chi titt hon ve van de cling cap thong tin, lib' try cho chuyen gia tu van tiep can thuc dia hay quy dinh thi gian phan 118i cua cac s6 nganh co lien quan dei vOi cac kien nghi, bao cao cua to van Cic cap B§, Nginh Trung 2.1 Dciy manh viec dao tao chuyen gia mthc: Trong arcing lai, de ce• dugc "Nhang du an va cong trinh cila Viet Nam sir dung tu van Viet Nam", tir bay gib, phai gap rut tien hanh dao tao nhang chuyen gia co tinh chuy8n nghiep cao, khong nhang giari ve chuyen mon ma tot v6' dao dirc, deng th6i, phai hi'eu biet xa h'ei va am luat phap quec te Tao dieu kien cho cac cong ty to van dat quan ly chat luong va mai truting nhu mot vai he dugc nhang chUng chi ve th6ng ntrac tien tien tren the gidri CO nhu vay, trong lai, tu van Viet Nam se Ion I i' manh dam duang dugc cac du an quan tong dm quoc gia, tit kiem dug() den cua cho &At nuac 2.2 CO chinh sdch hg trq thich hop veri to van NU nugc, cac ca quan quan l3"/ cg dinh huemg va chinh sach tao mei truarng hoat deny; hcip tac ma thong qua to van xay dung Viet Nam co nhieu dieu kien de tham gia, khaug bi thua thiet, chen ep Ching han nhu thoa thuAn veri cac to chirc tin dung qu6c te cho phep cac cong ty tu van ntrac có quyen tham gia dAu thAu voi tu cach la darn vi dec lap hoc lien danh vgi cac cong ty to van khac ntroc Ur do, cac tu vAn xay dung phat trien nang ltrc va lam chd cong viec, khong mang tieng mai la nguOi lam thue4 2.3 Chit clOng chgn lua to van qua cloiu thdu s cong khai va rOng Viec tuyen chgn to van cho du an dOng met vai tra quyet dinh den cong cua moi du an; la van d sang -con dm du an el met s6 tiding hgp, to Van ntrgc ngoai khong co nang luc, ma nguyen nhan chinh la viec tuyen chgn chua dap Ung yeu can, co truamg hgp nha tai trg quyet dinh viec chgn tu van nugc ngoai ma phia Viet Nam khong chit deng dugc De hart the hien ttrgng nay, dieu ithAt thiet la can to chirc dau than chgn to vAn ntroc ngoai met cach r6ng rai va cong khai Dang thari kien nghi manh me vgi cac to chirc tin dung, cac quoc gia tai trg Ung h6 chung ta thuc hien dugc hinh thirc tuyen chgn de co the chgn lua dugc to van "chdt ltrgng cao" cho du an 2.4 Ban hanh nhung quy clink phis hop ved thong le quefc Hien nay, gala quy dinh cua Viet Nam va quy dinh ctia nha tai trg rat nhieu khac biet va each xa gay kho khan cho nhang nguari dieu hanh du an cling nhtr cho chuyen gia to van ntrgc ngoai Ching han nhtr xay nhang su c6 hay bAt dang, nha tai trg va ca tu van yeu cau chung ta phai giai quyet theo thong le quoc te, nhimg phia cac ban nganh lai yeu cAu BQL du an giai quyet theo quy dinh hien hanh cua Viet Nam De giai quyet yin de nay, chinh pha can ban hanh quy dinh chung cho cac du an tai trg, cac du an lam phis hgp veri thong le qu6c to nhu UNDP hay World giai doan chuyen ti4p ban du tu van nuac chua du kinh nghiem va tao dugc niem tin del vai nha tai !Iv chting ta buOcphai sir dung to van cua nha tai trg vi nhu the hg mai tin ttrang ket qua khao sit ma tu yin quoc to Qua va chip nhdn tai trg cho chimg ta Day la quy dinh cua nha tai trq Tuy nhien,,cic giai doan sau cua dv an, chung ta nen to chirc thiu cong khai va rang rdi cho ca tu vAn rutac vi quoc le Thuc te hien o mat so tinh vvc, chuyen gia Viet Nam khans he thua kern so vai chuyen gia nu& ngoai vi cang chuyen gia vita tdn dung dugc nhieu.nguai dugc dao tat) bai ban cac nuac tier' tien dung dugc dgi tru diem hieu biet tinh hinh thvc te nu& dm hQ vita tiet kiem dugc rat nhieu chi phi cho dir in Ngoai ra, sir dung tu yin quoc te de thim dinh ket qua ding viec cua tu vAn nuoe cling cach lam hieu qui va giam nhe chi phi 112 Bank da lam Cac to chirc ban hanh quy trinh chung th6ng nhAt cho tai ca 06.0 du an ho tai trg dtrgc thuc hien bAt cu dau tren the giai Cac ban nganh co lien quan ma dAu m6i la cac B6 KE hoach va DAu tu, B6 Xay dung cling cac chuyen gia da qua thuc tien lam viec vai cac to chdc tin dung qu6c te, cac nha tai trg va chuyen gia to vAn ntrac ngoai can ng8i lai vii th6ng nhAt quy dinh chung Quy dinh di nhien la kh6ng the bao china hEt tit ca cac quy dinh cua cac nha tai trg khac nhung trtretc het no phai co mot "khung wan" chung roi sau tUng du an cu the c6 the b6 sung them mot vii ditt theolinh hinh thuc to va yeu cAu cua nha tai trg 2.5 Co chinh sach nhat quan cho viec toan tien lurmg cho to van: Hien nay, chting ta town tien cong cho to vAn theo lucmg thing chd khong theo kh6i lugng cong viec, nhtmg luong cua to vAn thi rat lon Vi the, can co nhting quy to van c6 trach dinh ve viec_tra lucmg cho to vAn theokh6i hrgng cong viec nhiem hon v6i du an va gift') chUng ta thuc hien dimg tien d6 CAn coca chInh sach khen tingmg ximg ding bing hien vat doi vai to vAn ho hoan cac cong viec vtrot mire tien d d&' Ben canh do, phai CO nhcing quy dinh chE tai nEu to vAn kh8ng thuc hien dung den dO da ky ket ho.P (fang va chAt hrong san phAm d'Au khong dam bao a Hy vong la thai gian tai chting ta giai quyet het dugc cac -man mac de viec sir dung to vAn c6 hieu qua hon, dAy nhanh tien d6 cac du an dang can tri tre hien 113 KET LUAN Hien dung von dAu to nuac ngoai d6 vao TP H6 Chi Minh cong nhieu, nhieu du an xay dung chinh trang dang dugc tien hanh va trong lai, nhung (long &Au to se !thong ngirng chay vai cac du an mai se dtrgc trier khai nhtr Du an Khu Cong nghe cao, Du an Khu D6 thi mai Thin Thiern, du an Kau Do 114 Tay Bac, Khu D6 thi Thanh Da TP Ho Chi Minh dang la mgt cong tnrang kh6ng 16 ma nhu cdu to van cong tang Tu van nuac ngoai da c6 mat tir dot ntrac bit &Au ma cira va tim thiy tai Viet Nam co TP.1-16 Chi Minh m6t san chi cho h9 thi th6 tai nang Cac hoat d6ng cita.h9 da gOp phan dua ky thuat mang tinh hien dal Tnrac d6i ngii chat lucrng cao nay, phia ph6 co phan King tong vie'c sir dung va hgp tic Hau nhu day 14 mgt nghe rat mai d6i vii Viet Nam nen phia'Viet Nam chua dugc chuan bi sin sang de don nhAn c6 hieu qua cao nhat d6i ngii Han 20 nom qua ke tir D6i mai, Viet Nam not chung va TP H6 Chi Minh not rieng da co nlaCmg btrac tien phat trien, nhurig du sao, link vuc phat trien thi, TP H6 Chi Minh van can den d6i ngu ttr van ntrac ngoai de thtrc hien nhung buck d6t phi ky thuat, nhat la cong nghe cao cling nhu y tuang, nhat la nhung y Wang ma, da De tang ctrOng vi'ec sir dung va quan d6i net chat ,xam cao nay, Thu Wang Nguyen Tan Diing vira mai ban hanh Quy the thue to van ntrac ngoai hog d6ng xay dung tai Viet Nam (Quyet dinh s6 131/2007/QD-TTg, thing nom 2007) Tnrac tien, quy the xac Binh firth vuc hoat dOng ctia to van nude ngoai DO la cac ding viec lap quy hooch xay dtmg, khao sat xay dung, lap du an da.0 ttr xay dung cong trinh, thiet ke xay dung cong trinh, quan lY du an Tau to xay dung cong trinh, giam sat thi cong xay dtmg cong trinh Quy the dua nguyen tic thue to van nu& ngoai thuc hien cac dich vu ttr van xay dung la phai boo dam nguyen tic canh tranh, tiet kiem chi phi va hi'e3u qua Tu van ntrac ngoai phai co dit dieu kien nang luc phit hop vii pham vi, n6i dung ctia dich vu to van xay dung dugc thue CO hai doi Wang dugc thue lam to van la thue ca nhan hay thue to chtrc Thue chuyen gia la hinh thirc thue ca nhin nguai nuac ngoai thtrc hien dich vu to van xay dtmg theo yeu calu dm chit dAu ttr hoac dm ca quan to chirc lap d6 an quy 114 hoach xay dung Thue to chirc la hinh tilde thue nha thAu tu van ntrac ngoai 'mac thue lien danh gitia nha thau t.r van ntrac ngoai vgi nha thau to van ntrao de thuc hien dich vu to vAn xay dung theo yeti cau ctia chit dau to hoac cita ca quan to chirc lap an quy hoach xay dtmg i)? Quy the dua mot so tieu chub tuyen chon, gift') cho p'cia tuyt dugc nan thue tu van kern DO la l/chuyen gia phai CO chimg chi hanh nghe tu vAn xay dung., 2/ chuyen gia phai CO it nhat 05 nem hanh nghe tu van xay dung va 3/ chuyen gia da tham gia thuc hien hoan chinh it nhAt 03 dich vu to van xay dung ding loai cong viec du kien dugc thue Van de chi phi de thue to van, mot van de nong bong viec sir dung tu vAn, cling dugc quy the xac dinh la mix den luting co ban dm chuyen gia va cac khoan chi tinh theo mdc tien luting co ban cita chuyen gia can cu theo bao cao ket qua haat dOng tai chinh ctla to chirc tu van da dugc kiem town hoac can Cu mire flea lucmg cita chuyen gia cac hop d6ng thue chuyen gia da thuc hien pham vi 03 ram g'an nhAt, chuyen gia cling phai n6p cac khoan thue theo quy dinh tits phap lust hien hanh dm Viet Nam Xac dinh chi phi thue tu van nude ngoai ewe hien dich vu ttr van xay dung phai phi" hop viri kha ming chi tra dm ben thue, bao dam tinh hgp 1S, cua gia san pham Khoan chi phi sir dung pham vi tong mirc dau tu dm du an theo quy dinh M6t diem rat quan naa la Quy the de cap den viec chuyen giao cong nghe cho d6i ngu cong su ngugi Viet Trong qua trinh tuyen chon tu van niroc ngoai, cac ca nhan, to chirc tu van nude ngoai dap ling dit cac dieu kien nang lite theo yeu cau thi phia tuyen dung se uu tien lua chon ca nhan, to chirc tu van nude ngoai co cam ket viec dao tao nang cao trinh d6 cua tu van nude ding tham gia thuc hien dich vu ttr van xay dung Trong lien danh viri nha thA.0 tu van ntrac hoac sir dung nha than tu van ntr(!rc lam than phu, ngoai cac not dune cita hap d6ng theo quy dinh, hop dting cling phai phan chia ro pham vi, luting cong viec va chi phi thuc hien cilia cac nha thau lien danh hoac cita nha than chinh yeti nha than phu Van de chuyen giao cong nghe dugc chit Sr va to van nude dugc phan nhiem r6 rang Tir trust den nay, to van Viet Nam van chi (Jong vai tro nha thAu phu ten chinh san nha nhtrang hen thi truong tot dep cho to van nuac ngoai vi trinh d6 chua cho phep Viet Nam va ph6 van chua có dti ngti chuyen gia hay can b6 lanh dao kink to h6i dit cac dieu kien yeu du dam bao chat ltrcrng cong 115 viec dugc giao so vii sir doi hoi tieu chuAn theo trinh dO quiic t6 Mac dti ViC.t Nam la mr6c co nen kinh to ma nhtmg chua thgc sir c6 dugc dOi ITC" chuyen gia dap ling dugc nhu ciu phat trien thi hien Nguyen la st, giao Itru giira cac chuyen gia va ngoai nub c hp hep, chua tao dugc sg tin Wong vi trinh dO hieu biet ve chuyen mon kha ch'enh lech Nguyen ding vi ta den viec dao tao ngu6n nha'n lgc Unit vgc va cling chua c6 chinh sach dao tao bai ban Hien nay, Viet Nam da la vien dm T6 chirc thtrang mai the gi6i (WTO), chinh ban than ngtreyi Viet Nam phai phin dAu phat trien theo Lien trinh phat trien dm the gi6i, san bing khoang cach ve trinh dO chuyen man, khoang each ding cap de co the ding tham gia binh ding vao chinh thi truerng mr6c va sau la thtrang tnthng qu6c te Do viec dao tao ngu6n than lye chuyen mon la dieu can thiet, that su la nhu cAu cap bach cho da phat trien kinh to hien cCia ph6 rhann phai co mgt nguen nhan Igc yang manh, Ichong nhting chi dap ling dugc nhu cAu phat trien ctia ph6, dm Viet Nam ma nen nghi den thi tnrong Deng Nam A Thanh ph6 mu6n that skr giau manh lau dai, thi phai co ngu6n Igc vimg chic va CO chit lugng 116 TAI LIEU THAM KRA° Stich, cong trinh nghien cini, van ban 1u4t: ADB, Guidelines on the use of consultants, http://adb.org/Documents/Guidelines/Consulting/conconsultants.asp ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, Handbook for users of consulting L,,, Manila, Philippines, 9.2002 BANG LII■TH - 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