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HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS TRIEU VAN BINH MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL CONFLICT IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS NOWADAYS SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS MAJOR: POLITICS Code: 931 02 01 HANOI - 2023 The Thesis was completed at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Supervisor: Prof Sc.Dr Phan Xuan Son Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis shall be defended in front of the Thesis Assessment Committee at academy level at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics At hour day month year 2023 The thesis can be found at: National Library and Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics INTRODUCTION Reason for choosing the topic The Central Highlands (Tay Nguyen in Vietnamese) have a particularly important strategic position in terms of economy - society, defense - security and ecological environment in Vietnam It is also aregion with great potential and advantages in many aspects, especially the development of agriculture - forestry, processing industry, energy, minerals and tourism development associated with traditional culture The Central Highlands is a “hot land” region, with a rather complex history, there are always have many potential factors that cause political and social instability, and the risk of conflicts becoming political hot spots and security and order hot spots It is very easy to happen if not recognized and resolved properly and promptly The Central Highlands is also a key strategic area, crucial and complex in terms of security and order, which hostile and reactionary forces have taken advantage of to attack and sabotage fiercely in recent years with the strategy of “evolution”, “peace”, aiming to incite and entice the people, dividing the great national unity bloc The Central Highlands is also a key area of complex security and order, due to the convergence of many complex social conflicts and contradictions; There is a mixture of internal conflicts between the people and the exploitative activities of hostile forces, culminating in the riots in 2001, 2004 and most recently the terrorist attacks in two communes of the People's Republic of China Cu Kuin district, Dak Lak province on June 11, 2023; and other plots to riot and disrupt security were prevented State management, socio-economic development, and ensuring national defense and security in the Central Highlands in recent years have received special attention from the Party and State and have achieved many important achievements However, due to many reasons, the management of social conflicts in the Central Highlands still has many limitations and inadequacies, the results achieved are not sustainable, and the risk of social conflicts and conflicts is hidden in many ways Complicated factors, easily breaking out into hot spots Faced with that situation, social conflict management in the Central Highlands requires research, summarizing, properly assessing the current situation, finding the causes and orienting solutions to improve the effectiveness of the management of society conflict, proactively prevent and effectively handle conflicts that arise in society, contributing to stability and sustainable development of the Central Highlands in the coming time Recognizing the importance of the issue, with nearly 10 years of working, attached to the Central Highlands and currently directly researching, advising, and proposing policies and laws in the field of ethnic minorities; Participated as a member of the national level scientific research project "Managing social conflicts and socio-political hot spots in ethnic minority areas in our country today", under the National Science and Technology Program for the period 2016-2020 Chaired by Professor Dr Phan Xuan Son, the PhD student chose the topic: “Management of social conflict in the Central Highlands nowadays” As my doctoral thesis in Political Science Research purposes and tasks 2.1 Research purposes On the basis of clarifying general theoretical issues on social conflict management, building a theoretical framework on social conflict management, thereby clarifying the current situation of social conflict management in the Central Highlands, the given thesis proposes perspectives and solutions to improve the effectiveness of social conflict management in the Central Highlands nowadays 2.2 Research mission Overview of domestic and foreign research projects on social conflict, social conflict management, social conflict management in the Central Highlands; Clarifying the theoretical basis, building a theoretical framework on social conflict, social conflict management, social conflict management in the Central Highlands; Survey and analyze the current situation of social conflicts and social conflict management in the Central Highlands; Clarifying the impact factors, thereby recommending and proposing solutions to manage social conflicts in the Central Highlands in the next period Subject and scope of research 3.1 Research subjects The research subjects of the thesis is social conflict and social conflict management in the Central Highlands 3.2 Research scope - About space: The thesis researches social conflicts and social conflict management in the Central Highlands ( Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Lam Dong provinces) - About time: The thesis researches social conflicts and social conflict management in the Central Highlands from 2000 to present Research Methodology 4.1 Methodology The thesis is based on the methodology of Marxism-Leninism, especially materialist dialectics; Viewpoints, policies and guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam on ethnic issues, ethnic work, and sustainable development policy of the Central Highlands 4.2 Specific research methods The thesis uses the following research methods: Historical and logical methods; Methods of synthesizing and analyzing documents; Systematic methods; Statistical methods; Forecasting method Theoretical and practical significance 5.1 About theory The thesis builds a theoretical framework on social conflict and social conflict management in the Central Highlands; clarify the basic socio-economic characteristics and characteristics in the Central Highlands region; provides a theoretical and practical basis for management subjects (elements in the political system at all levels) to research, develop, promulgate and organize the implementation of policies and laws for the Central Highlands 5.2 About practice - The thesis clarifies the factors that give rise to conflicts, leading to social conflicts; contributes to correctly identifying social conflicts and the current situation of social conflict management in the Central Highlands; provides data and data through research and field surveys; give basic solutions to improve the effectiveness of social conflict management in the Central Highlands - The research results of the thesis can be used as documents in research, evaluation, and policy planning; as documents in implementing state management and social management in the Central Highlands In addition, it can be used as a reference in teaching and researching ethnic affairs and ethnic policies in training institutions Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of published scientific works of the author related to the thesis, list of references and appendices, the thesis is structured into chapters, 11 sections Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THE TOPIC 1.1 RESEARCH ON SOCIAL CONFLICT There have been many works and documents abroad explaining conflict theory and social conflict Lewis A Coser, contemporary American sociologist; K Frink, American scientist J.P Chalin, R Dahrendorf, a representative of the Frankfurt school (a school of social theory neo-Marxist ), was a major contributor to the development of conflict theory R Dahrendorf published the book Modern Social Conflict, Karl Marx gave views on social conflict in different approaches In the country, up to now there have been many works by authors researching social conflicts, of which notable works are: Practical summary of handling socio-political hot spots; Handling political situations, textbooks, Institute of Political Science; Editors: Luu Van Sung and Hoang Chi Bao; Social conflicts arising during the innovation process in Nghe An, solutions to prevent and handle them to ensure national security"; "Initially understanding historical issues of social conflict"; Social conflict and social consensus; Cultural conflict and cultural struggle; Social conflicts from theory to practice in rural Vietnam; Research on ethnic relations in Vietnam (from 1980 to present); Social conflict and its manifestations in Vietnam today provide arguments, theoretical and practical bases, provide important documents to help identify and generalize the theory of social conflict, ethnic issues and social conflicts in Vietnam, as well as affirming that social conflicts are disharmonious conflicts between social groups, both positive and negative, objective and subjective, and are an inevitable phenomenon of society Any society (in any institution and at any historical period) has social conflicts We can not prevent all social conflicts, but we can prevent negative social conflicts In Vietnam, in recent years, social conflict has become increasingly common because of its objective necessity To prevent, limit and resolve negative social conflicts, we need to have the right perspectives and solutions, the most important of which is improving the material and spiritual life of the People 1.2 RESEARCH ON SOCIAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT In the works: Functions of social conflict by author L.Vjuis Kozer; JBStulberg author book L.Vjuis Kozer, A Rapport; “Social psychology of group conflict: theory, research and applications” by Wolfgang Stroebe; “New directions in conflict theory: Conflict resolution and conflict transformation” by author Raimo Väyrynen; “Conflict Resolution: Theory, Research and Practice” by author James A Schellenberg; The Conflict Resolution Encyclopedia by Heidi Burgess, Guy Burgess M; Culture and Dispute Resolution by Kevin Avruch; Conflict: From Analysis to Intervention” by authors Sandra Cheldelin, Daniel Druckman, Larissa A.; Conflict and conflict management by Joseph S Himes; author Michael J Butler with the work International conflict management; Conflict resolution handbook: Theory and practice by authors Deutsch Morton, Peter T Coleman, Eric C Marcus through research of overseas scientific works on social conflict and conflict management Social conflicts show that scholars often rely on analysis to find the nature of conflict phenomena, thereby classifying and identifying the basic causes of social conflicts to propose solutions Solutions and ways to manage social conflicts to minimize the negative impacts of conflicts on social life Most foreign research projects confirm that social conflict is an inevitable and objective process of movement and development of society In Vietnam, there have been many research projects on social conflict management, including projects such as: The Party's Mass Mobilization work during the period of promoting industrialization and modernization of the country, Topics: science, Central Mass Mobilization Committee; The Central Highlands on the path to sustainable development, Scientific topic, Central Highlands Steering Committee; Social conflict and social consensus in the process of social development and social management - theoretical and practical basis; State-level scientific project under the State-level key science and technology program KX.02/06-10 “Social development management in the innovation process in Vietnam” by Associate Professor, Dr Vo Khanh Vinh Chairman; Some typical socio-political hot spots in multi-ethnic mountainous areas in recent years, current status, problems, lessons learned in handling situations, by Prof Dr Luu Van Sung The works have built a theoretical framework on social conflict management; analyze, evaluate, and point out the current status of social conflict management and the causes of social conflict formation and development; present the stages of development of social contradictions and conflicts, culminating in causing socio-political hot spots; The topic raises principles, orientations, and solutions to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of social conflict management in Vietnam in the next period 1.3 VALUE OF RESEARCH AND ISSUES THAT NEED CONTINUE RESEARCH 1.3.1 Value of research related to the thesis The results of research projects have also shown the basic factors that lead to social conflicts; Conflicts and socio-political hot spots easily spread, and provoke instability Therefore, conflict management and conflict resolution and resolution are unified and inseparable work In the new situation, conflict management and conflict resolution combine comprehensively, synchronously and comprehensively the fields of economics, politics, ideology, culture, ethics, law, religion, ethnic psychology, national defense, security and order towards building a stable society and sustainable development 1.3.2 The issues raised need further research - System of frameworks for theoretical analysis and theory of social conflict and social conflict management in the Central Highlands - Regarding ethnic conflicts, up to now in the world there is still no way or method to manage and resolve them effectively and with universal value Therefore, managing and resolving ethnic conflicts is an urgent task for countries, especially multi-ethnic countries like Vietnam - Clearly and specifically define the concepts of conflict, especially social conflict management in the Central Highlands; clarify the content, requirements, scope, and measures of social conflict management, and comparative studies on social conflict management Forecasting the situation and proposing solutions in managing social conflicts in the Central Highlands in the coming time Chapter GENERAL THEORETICAL ISSUES OF SOCIAL CONFLICT AND SOCIAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 2.1 THEORY OF SOCIAL CONFLICT 2.1.1 Research schools and trends 2.1.1.1 Marxist school When studying social conflicts, Marxist scientists, based on a materialist worldview of history, affirm the objective economic and class nature of conflicts The deep and decisive origin of social conflict is the interests and positions of groups of people and classes in society, the center of which is economic interests 2.1.1.2 Structural-functional school The structural-functional school later denied conflict, considering conflict as “pathological deviation” and “dysfunction” 2.1.1.3 Conflict model school Max Weber (1864-1920) said that social conflicts exist a lot in reality, which are conflicts between groups of people, social groups, religions, ethnic groups, and nation-states ethnicity In society, there are not only disputes over economic resources, but also disputes about politics, religion, culture, psychology, ethnicity R Dahrendorf (1929-2009), he said that society is always moving, changing, developing continuously and experiencing social conflicts Social conflicts exist and take place anytime, anywhere, in all areas of social life Originating from inequality, differences in interests, status, social power, leading to collisions, conflicts, antagonisms the consequence is a change in social structure R Dahrendorf believes that conflict that is compressed and unresolved is a dangerous malignant tumor in the social body Lewis A Coser (1913-2003) considered social conflict to be normal, as a part of the function of social life, from which he made different assessments from other scholars, such as: How to achieve common goals through social conflict is an important basis for forming social conflict management methods C.Wright Mills (1916-1962), similar to Weber's concept, C.Wright Mills believed that people operate around power, while inequality always exists in society 2.1.2 Definition of social conflict From analyzing the perspectives and research trends of the above schools, we can agree on the definition of social conflict as follows: “Social conflict is the contradictions, oppositions, and disagreements between political parties, awareness, perspective, interests, from there leading to collisions and struggles with different forms, scales and levels between parties in certain social relationships 2.1.3 Causes of social conflict Firstly, the inequality in status that people occupy in socio-economic activities Originating from inequality in the distribution of resources, status, and social power Secondly, the basic cause of social conflict l is from human perception Thirdly, the direct cause is the state's inadequacy in social management by the ruling elite 2.1.4 Impact of social conflict 2.1.4.1 Positive impact Social conflict is an objective necessity in the process of social movement and development Contradictions and conflicts exist in all social forms, as the driving force of social development 2.1.4.2 Negative impact When social conflict occurs, all parties focus their resources on resolving it to bring about the best results for themselves, paying little attention to producing new resources for society The conflict resolution process causes the parties to bear the burden and costs of consuming resources, and it can even take many years to overcome Therefore, it can be said that social conflict is the process of destroying resources, which is especially true in practice, with armed conflicts, ethnic conflicts, political hot spots 2.1.5 Stages of development of social conflict Underground stage; Public phase; A period of tension and confrontation; The period of fierce struggle; The period of social conflict becomes a sociopolitical hot spot 11 population change In 1976, the population of the Central Highlands was 1,225,000 people, including 18 ethnic groups, of which ethnic minorities were 853,820 people (accounting for 69.7% of the population); By 2020, the Central Highlands will have 5,842,681 people, with 52 ethnic groups Ethnic minorities have 2,199,784 people, accounting for 37.65% of the entire region's population, of which 12 local ethnic minorities have 1,546,950 people, accounting for 26.47% The Central Highlands is the region with the fastest population growth in the country The situation of intercropping, mixed migration, and multi-ethnicity has had a strong and profound impact on socioeconomic life, influencing relationships and relationships Social conflict management in the Central Highlands 2.3.1.3 Natural and socio-economic characteristics The Central Highlands is a region with a natural area of 54,474 km2 (accounting for 16.5% of the country) Located on the plateau, mostly in the west of the Truong Son range, there are 12 districts and 27 border communes There are international border gates and national border gates The Central Highlands has an area of basalt red soil ( about million hectares) and yellow red soil (about 1.8 million hectares), favorable for the development of economic sectors such as industrial crop production, eco-tourism, and industrial production Industry, energy, minerals Central Highlands forests are rich in reserves, diverse in types, and the wildlife system is also very rich and meaningful, with very high economic and scientific value Rich mineral resources, especially bauxite ore with estimated reserves of about 10 billion tons, accounting for 90% of the country's bauxite reserves, 21 gold points, in addition to precious stones and brick clay mines tile… In general, the Central Highlands' socio-economy has had strong development, especially from 2020 to present However, compared to the whole country, the Central Highlands is still an underdeveloped area 2.3.1.4 Cultural characteristics, religion, beliefs - Cultural characteristics: The Central Highlands is a multi-ethnic and multicultural land, where 52 ethnic groups converge and reside Central Highlands 12 culture is crystallized from a long-standing tradition of productive labor, conquering nature, community cohesion, and courageous and creative spirit - Characteristics of religions and beliefs: The Central Highlands has four main religions recognized and active by the State: Catholicism, Protestantism, Buddhism and Cao Dai In addition, there are a number of other religions operating in the area In recent years, religious activities in the Central Highlands have been quite complicated 2.3.2 Defining social conflict management in the Central Highlands From the characteristics of the Central Highlands, along with approaching, reviewing, analyzing, and inheriting definitions of social conflict and social conflict management, the graduate student gives the definition: Management of Social conflict in the Central Highlands is the process in which the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, in its state management function, promulgates and organizes the implementation of policies and laws appropriate to the conditions and characteristics of the country region, in order to relieve social conflicts, promote the positive aspects, limit the negative aspects of social conflicts, handle hot spots, ensure socio-political stability, national defense and security, creating conditions for sustainable socio-economic development of the Central Highlands region, contributing to building great national unity, consistently implementing the policy of ethnic equality and helping each other develop Chapter CURRENT SITUATION OF SOCIAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS 3.1 LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND PARTICIPATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL CONFLICT IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS 3.1.1 The leading entity managing social conflicts in the Central Highlands - the Communist Party of Vietnam Party of Vietnam is the leading force of the State and society The Party sets out the Platform, guidelines, strategies, and policies for economic and social 13 development, and is also the leader and organizer of implementation In the Party Congress Documents (from term IX to term XIII ) and directives, resolutions, and conclusions of the Central Executive Committee, Politburo, and Secretariat, there are many contents related to the region: Ethnic Minorities including the Central Highlands 3.1.2 The subject of social conflict management in the Central Highlands - the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 3.1.2.1 National Assembly, National Assembly Standing Committee As of 2021, the National Assembly has promulgated 86 laws with 218 valid articles containing regulations on ethnicities, ethnic policies, and people in ethnic minority and mountainous regions, including the Central Highlands The legal system promulgated by the National Assembly has created a legal framework and corridor, adjusting policy mechanisms for socio-economic development and ensuring national defense and security Highland, 3.1.2.2 Government, Prime Minister, ministries and central branches During the 2011-2020 period, the Government and Prime Minister issued 142 documents belonging to 12 policy groups: (1) Poverty reduction; (2) Building new rural areas in ethnic minority and mountainous areas; (3) Forest protection and development work; (4) Vocational training and job creation for ethnic minorities; (5) Policy credit; (6) Education and training; (7) Health, people's health care; ( 8) Culture, sports and tourism in ethnic minority and mountainous areas; (9) Information and communication in ethnic minority and mountainous areas; (10) Regarding the construction of cadres, civil servants and employees of ethnic minorities; (11) Regarding policies towards reputable people in ethnic minority areas; (12) Other policy groups Policies have created specific mechanisms for development in the Central Highlands region 3.1.2.3 Local governments in the Central Highlands region The People's Councils and People's Committees of localities have issued mechanisms and policies to concretize the Central regulations and integrate them into resolutions, decisions, programs and annual plans years, developing industries, fields, localities, ; Deploy the tasks of the Politburo's Resolution into specific schemes and projects in various fields Authorities at all levels in the 14 Central Highlands promote propaganda and mobilize people to strictly comply with the Party's policies and laws, and not listen to the instigation and incitement of reactionary elements dynamic, FULRO in exile, actively working in production, developing the family economy, contributing to stabilizing social order and safety in the locality 3.1.3 Subjects participating in social conflict management in the Central Highlands - Vietnam Fatherland Front, member organizations and residential communities Fatherland Front and socio-political organizations in the Central Highlands actively propagate the Party's guidelines and policies, the State's legal policies to the people, and participate in giving opinions on work Build the Party, build the government, carry out social supervision and criticism in the process of organizing and implementing local socio-economic development tasks 3.2 MANAGING SOCIAL CONFLICT IN CENTRAL HIGHLANDS IN SOME AREAS 3.2.1 State management of ethnic groups Ethnic affairs in the Central Highlands have achieved many important achievements The number of poor ethnic minority households compared to the number of poor households in the entire region decreased from 52.36% in 2003 to 19.9% in 2020 The rate of multidimensional poor households decreased from 18.5% in 2016 to 11% in 2016 2020 The rate of villages in ethnic minority and mountainous areas with cultural and community activities houses reaches 82.74% (6,054 villages and hamlets), 6% higher than the national average The percentage of communes with medical stations meeting national standards is 87.2%, 3.7% higher than the national average; The rate of commune health stations with doctors is 86.1%, the highest among economic regions; The rate of ethnic minorities having health insurance reached 87.53% Education and training to improve the intellectual level of ethnic minorities has improved a lot The whole region has 59 boarding schools for ethnic minorities (an increase of 15 schools compared to the 2011-2012 school year); The rate of people who can read and write fluently is 74.79%, the rate of people who can read and write in 15 general is 80.9% (an increase of 1.7% compared to 2015).; The rate of ethnic minorities aged 15 years and older who can read and write their ethnic language is 25.16%, the highest in the country and higher than the national average (14.36%) The cultural life of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands has been enhanced, cultural quintessence and ethnic identity have been respected, preserved and promoted, and outdated practices have been eliminated The Central Highlands Gong cultural space has been recognized by UNESCO as a masterpiece of oral tradition and an intangible cultural heritage of humanity; Community cultural symbols of Central Highlands ethnic groups (733 Dragon houses) are restored and preserved The work of building infrastructure for socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas in the Central Highlands is focused on implementing through programs and policies, contributing to poverty reduction and creating conditions for localities to socio-economic development, promoting the creative will and resources of the people, changing the appearance of rural areas of ethnic minorities 3.2.2 Managing land conflicts current complaints and denunciations The situation of disputes and complaints in the Central Highlands is complicated and tends to increase In the period 2001 - 2018, the entire region had 396 cases of complex land disputes and complaints (Kon Tum 28 cases, Gia Lai 184 cases, Dak Lak 58 cases, Lam Dong 68 cases, Dak Nong 58 cases) The Central Highlands still has about 52,940 households lacking productive land, including 32,006 ethnic minority households Due to lack of productive land, no stable jobs, and many difficulties in life, in some places, people arbitrarily cut down forests to get land, leading to land encroachment and encroachment 3.2.3 Conflict management from migrants to the Central Highlands Since 1975, the Central Highlands region has had large-scale population changes, with the number growing the fastest in the country Although many measures have been applied to stabilize the situation, the evolution of 16 spontaneous migration is still complicated and difficult to control, especially people from the Northern mountainous regions migrating to the Central Highlands, while People from some other provinces migrate to the Northwest, then migrate from one district to another within the same province, or one province to another By the end of 2018, there were still more than 22,000 households spontaneously migrating to the Northwest The Central Highlands has not been arranged or arranged stably 3.2.4 Managing environmental conflicts The rapid increase in hydropower plants in the Central Highlands has increased environmental conflicts, affecting sustainable development, leading to droughts, floods, landslides, Geological shocks, degradation, pollution of water resources, soil, forests forest fires occur more and more frequently, directly affecting agricultural production and the lives of residential communities In the Central Highlands, industrial zones with environmental pollution have many potential consequences, especially bauxite mining areas in Dak Nong and Lam Dong, which can lead to social conflicts 3.2.5 Managing conflicts about religion and beliefs The Central Highlands is an area with many religions and beliefs in Vietnam Some world religions, the material and spiritual lives of religious followers have been taken care of Basically, ethnic minority believers have complied with policies and laws, and not believe or listen to the distortions and deceptions of FULRO reactionaries The struggle with rekindling activities to develop forces, develop “Dega Protestantism” and “Ha Mon” religion was implemented fiercely, achieving many results However, at present, the religious situation still has many notable issues, notably religious evangelization, land transfer, and illegal construction of religious facilities continue to take place in many places, causing complications about social order 3.2.6 Managing conflicts about culture and ethnic psychology The fields and types of cultural products, especially the culture of local people of Central Highlands origin, are increasingly rich and diverse, meeting many aspects of the new needs of social life Many cultural values of ethnic 17 groups and tangible and intangible cultural heritage are inherited, restored, preserved, embellished and promoted Cultural values, ethics, and lifestyle in families and communities are paid attention to, especially the festival culture of the Central Highlands people However, since the liberation of the South in 1975 until now, there have been profound changes in the cultural life of ethnic communities in the Central Highlands Social life in the Central Highlands in recent years has been disturbed, the situation of intermingling of ethnic groups and intermingling of cultures is common The above factors have complicatedly deformed, faded and lost The long-standing traditional culture of local ethnic minorities originating from the Central Highlands, along with the intrusion of foreign cultures, unfamiliar to the people 3.2.7 Fight against FULRO, Dega and Dega Protestantism After the complete liberation of the South and unification of the country on April 30, 1975, the FULRO force, supported by hostile outside forces, became an armed, reactionary political organization that emerged active in many places, openly opposing the revolutionary government, causing a series of bloody terrorist attacks in the Central Highlands By 1991, after a long period of persistent struggle, with many measures, we basically destroyed the FULRO organization in the Central Highlands However, some FULRO remnants continue to be sponsored by a number of foreign organizations to settle in the United States In recent years, FULRO forces have linked up with reactionary forces abroad and dissatisfied forces inside to establish the "Dega State" in the Central Highlands Events that took place in 2001, 2004 and later showed that the Central Highlands is still an area with potential hot spots In 2016, authorities discovered and fought to delete 28 FULRO frames, "Dega Protestantism" at all levels, and removed 576 subjects (Gia Lai 501, Dak Lak 40, Phu Yen 35); disbanded 30 activities and at the same time mobilized 572 people to abandon the "Dega Protestantism"; prosecuted 03 cases, arrested 18 09 defendants (in Gia Lai) for "undermining the solidarity policy" to serve the investigation and handling work The most recent event was the early morning event of June 11, 2023, where subjects operated in an organized manner, causing serious disorder and security disruption They are very aggressive, reckless, and inhumane 3.2.8 Work to ensure national defense and security Propaganda, education, and mobilization of the masses to strictly comply with the State's policies and laws have brought many positive results The work of building the all-people defense posture associated with the people's security posture, especially on the border and in key areas, has been deployed synchronously; Political security, social order and safety are maintained; Create favorable conditions for socio-economic development, associated with strengthening national defense and security Localities in the Central Highlands region have been consistent in implementing the policy of socio-economic development associated with national defense and security The organization of defense zone drills for districts, cities and provinces is carried out regularly and periodically The work of preventing, detecting, and fighting all types of crimes in the fields of economics, corruption, and positions is implemented synchronously and with high efficiency The work of building national defense and security forces meets mission requirements, the organizational model is consolidated and enhanced, promoting efficiency, ensuring reasonable quantity and quality of officers 3.3 COMMENTS ON SOCIAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE TAY HIGHLANDS 3.3.1 Result Localities in the Central Highlands have become more and more aware of the location, role, and importance of the region; promote potentials and advantages for rapid and sustainable development, achieving many great results The economic scale of the region is increasing rapidly, in 2020 it will be more than 14 times that of 2002 and 3.1 times that of 2020 The average growth rate of gross regional product (GRDP) in the period 2002-2020 reached nearly 19 8%/year, the growth rates of all economic sectors are the highest compared to other regions The average GRDP per capita in 2020 will reach over 48 million VND, 10.6 times higher than in 2002 The Central Highlands region's economy is restructuring in the right direction, reducing the proportion of agriculture and increasing the proportion of services; Transforming into an agricultural structure towards large-scale commodity production of a number of strong industrial crops and gradually forming high-tech agricultural development centers in the region The cultural life of the Central Highlands people is increasingly rich, the unique traditional cultural values of ethnic groups are researched, restored, preserved and promoted, a number of historical and cultural relics are restored nourish, embellish The cultural space of Central Highlands Gongs has been recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity Facilities serving education and training are invested in, the medical network is strengthened, increasingly meeting the learning and health care requirements of the people in the region The quality of education and training is increasingly improved National target programs have been implemented effectively, contributing to improving the material and spiritual lives of people, especially ethnic minorities Ethnic policies and religious policies are implemented synchronously, contributing to arousing and enhancing the sense of solidarity and the spirit of self-reliance in striving to develop production, eliminate hunger and reduce poverty The all-people national defense posture, people's heart posture and people's security have been consolidated and strengthened, especially on the border and in key areas; Political security, order and social safety are guaranteed The leadership capacity and fighting power of party committees and party members at all levels have been improved; Basically eliminate the situation where villages have no grassroots party organizations Attention has been paid to the construction of governments at all levels, the management and administration capacity of officials and party members has been improved, 20 meeting better and better the requirements of the new situation The quality of activities of the Vietnam Fatherland Front and socio-political organizations has been improved; Promoting well the core role of village elders and reputable people in ethnic minority communities; The great solidarity of all people, the trust of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in the Party and State has been strengthened and consolidated 3.3.2 Limitations and weaknesses 3.3.2.1 Awareness of social conflicts is incomplete 3.3.2.2 Limited social conflict management skills 3.3.2.3 Slow to resolve issues that have been raised for a long time 3.3.2.4 The foundation for social conflict management is not sustainable 3.3.3 Causes of limitations and weaknesses 3.3.3.1 Objective reasons Due to unfavorable natural conditions, mountainous terrain, and complex separation; scattered and small population; effects of climate change The scale of the economy is small, the starting point is low, the socioeconomic infrastructure, especially the transport infrastructure, is lacking, weak, not synchronized and does not meet the requirements of intra-regional economic exchange and trade and interregional Hostile outside forces take advantage of issues of ethnicity, religion, land to carry out “peaceful evolution” plots, increasing incitement to separatist and sabotage ideology, luring people to follow evil religions., causing loss of social order and safety A part of ethnic minorities has limited awareness, has a mindset of expectation, and does not have a sense of self-improvement 3.3.3.2 Subjective reasons Awareness of the role, position, and importance of conflict management in the Central Highlands among leaders, officials, and party members is still limited 21 The legal system is not synchronized, there are overlaps and contradictions Regional and local development planning in the region is not synchronized, The rather large budget resources invested and supported in the Central Highlands have not met the requirements, are not commensurate with the position and role of the region, and have not created a "breakthrough" Decentralization and decentralization of power to localities is not really thorough and has not created the conditions and environment to promote the initiative and creativity of localities The coordination between ministries, branches and between ministries, branches and provinces in the region is sometimes not regular and tight 3.3.3.3 Causes of social conflict becoming a hot spot in the Central Highlands Firstly, due to the two-faced policy, the conspiracy to nurture and restore FULRO by reactionary hostile forces in the US and some Western countries Second, the lives of ethnic minorities still have many difficulties, conflicts and conflicts that arise have not been handled and overcome promptly Third, coordination to prevent conflicts and social conflicts between sectors is not good Fourth, the people's rights to equality, political and economic justice are not fully implemented Fifth, despite having a massive political system, it is far from the people, bureaucratic, subjective, caught off guard, and leaves the area vacant Sixth, in 1992, after suppressing FULRO, a subjective mentality arose that FULRO's influence and role had ended Seventh, in recent times we have used rigid, imperative administrative measures to resolve religious issues 22 Chapter CONTEXT, PERSPECTIVES, SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF SOCIAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS 4.1 CONTEXT AND ISSUES FACING MANAGEMENT IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS SOCIAL CONFLICT 4.1.1 Background 4.1.1.1 Favorable The world economy is developing in a green, circular, creative, sustainable direction and based on the achievements of the 4.0 industrial revolution; The development connection between countries, regions within each country and between industries and fields is becoming closer and more effective Vietnam has many advantages in international competition, the country's reputation and position are increasingly strengthened due to its stable political, economic and social foundation The Central Highlands region has always received attention and priority from the Party and State in investment and development policies The 10-year socio-economic development strategy 2021-2030 approved by the 13th National Party Congress and Resolution No 23 of the Politburo will be an important orientation for ministries, branches and localities to plan strategy for developing industries and regions in the coming time, in order to organize reasonable territorial space and promote the region's specific advantages 4.1.1.2 Difficulties and challenges The world and regional political situation is complicated and unpredictable, especially the issue of territorial sovereignty and island disputes, especially in the East Sea; Non-traditional security issues become more acute, especially in border areas; Hostile forces take advantage of democracy, human rights, religion, ethnicity, and “peaceful evolution” to sabotage our country's revolution World economic growth, global trade and investment are being strongly impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic 23 The geographical location of the Central Highlands is not favorable for attracting investment and economic development, because it is far from major economic centers of the country, far from seaports and major transportation hubs The scale of the region's economy and market is still small, planning is not synchronized, and competitiveness is low; Incomplete infrastructure; Development investment resources are still limited… Hostile and reactionary forces are strengthening the implementation of the “peaceful evolution” strategy 4.1.2 Issues in social conflict management in the Central Highlands 4.1.2.1 Socio-economic development is not sustainable 4.1.2.2 The political system and management staff are still limited 4.1.2.3 Ethnic cultural conflicts are increasingly complicated 4.1.2.4 Political security, social order and safety still have many challenges 4.2 VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF SOCIAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS 4.2.1 Opinion The Central Highlands has a particularly important strategic role and position in the economy, politics, culture, society, environment, defense - security and foreign affairs of the country Developing the Central Highlands region quickly and sustainably is a consistent, central, and thorough viewpoint, and has important significance for the Vietnamese revolutionary cause Development of the Central Highlands must be harmoniously and reasonably combined based on four pillars: Economy - society - environment - defense - security 4.2.2 Solutions for social conflict management in the Central Highlands 4.2.2.1 Solution group 1: Improve social conflict management capacity 4.2.2.2 Solution group 2: Sustainable socio-economic development creates a foundation for social conflict management 4.2.2.3 Solution group 3: Focus on solving outstanding problems 4.2.2.4 Solution group 4: Focus on building a strong political system, firmly ensuring national defense and security in the new situation 24 CONCLUSION During the research process, the thesis went from overviewing research results related to the topic, selecting and building a theoretical framework on social conflict and social conflict management to researching management of social conflics in the Central Highlands region Based on related concepts, the graduate student has drawn the concept of social conflict management in the Central Highlands and clarified the concept's connotation; At the same time, it points out the subjects that manage and participate in managing social conflicts, the objects and content of social conflicts in the Central Highlands An important part, the thesis has stated the typical characteristics that influence social conflicts and social conflict management in the Central Highlands; Analyze the current state of social management in the Central Highlands, focusing on a number of key important areas; Evaluate the achieved results, limitations, weaknesses and causes of weaknesses, thereby providing advantages, difficulties, challenges, and expressing opinions and proposing solution groups to improve the effectiveness of social conflict management in the Central Highlands in the coming time It focuses on groups of tasks and solutions on institutional improvement; policies to develop and promote regional connectivity; rapid and sustainable economic development; develop culture and society, improve the material and spiritual life of the people; on firmly ensuring national defense and security; on building a political system consistent with the goals and requirements of developing the Central Highlands in the new period./ LIST OF THE AUTHOR'S PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS Trieu Van Binh (2016), “The issue of migration, free migration Some experiences to learn”, Front Magazine, (4) Trieu Van Binh (2016), “The problem of free migration of Northern ethnic minorities into the Central Highlands”, Journal of Economics and Forecasting, (5) Trieu Van Binh (joint writing) (2019), “Strengthening mass mobilization work to build a great unity of ethnic groups in the Central Highlands”, Journal of Socialism - Theory and Practice, (4) Trieu Van Binh (2019), “Identifying the basic causes of social conflicts in the Central Highlands today”, Ethnicity and Times Magazine, (7+8) Trieu Van Binh (2019), “Identifying the activities of hostile forces taking advantage of religion, belief, and ethnicity to cause political security instability in the Central Highlands today”, Journal of Science and Strategy - Ministry of Public Security, (11) Trieu Van Binh (2020), “The impact of free migrants on the socioeconomy of the Central Highlands provinces”, Propaganda Magazine, (9) Trieu Van Binh (2020), “Current situation, causes and solutions to resolve land disputes in the Central Highlands toda”", Journal of Theoretical Activities, No (172) Trieu Van Binh (Joint book) (2020), Ethnic policy in Vietnam Current situation, orientation, solutions, Truth National Political Publishing House, Hanoi