Nghiên cứu nhận thức của giáo viên và sinh viên chuyên ngành tiếng anh về đọc chiêm nghiệm trong các lớp học đọc hiểu ở trường cao đẳng sư phạm bà rịa vũng tàu

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES  TRAN THI THANH TU EFL TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF REFLECTION IN ENGLISH MAJOR READING COMPREHENSION CLASSES AT BA RIA-VUNG TAU COLLEGE OF PEDAGOGY FIELD OF STUDY: THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING CODE: 60.14.10 MA THESIS IN EDUCATION HUE, 2011 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES  TRAN THI THANH TU EFL TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF REFLECTION IN ENGLISH MAJOR READING COMPREHENSION CLASSES AT BA RIA-VUNG TAU COLLEGE OF PEDAGOGY FIELD OF STUDY: THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING CODE: 60.14.10 MA THESIS IN EDUCATION SUPERVISOR: PHAM THI HONG NHUNG, PH.D HUE, 2011 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ  TRẦN THỊ THANH TÚ NGHIÊN CỨU NHẬN THỨC CỦA GIÁO VIÊN VÀ SINH VIÊN CHUYÊN NGÀNH TIẾNG ANH VỀ “ĐỌC CHIÊM NGHIỆM” TRONG CÁC LỚP HỌC ĐỌC HIỂU Ở TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG SƯ PHẠM BÀ RỊA-VŨNG TÀU CHUYÊN NGÀNH: LÝ LUẬN VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH MÃ NGÀNH: 60.14.10 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SỸ GIÁO DỤC HỌC GIÁO VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN: T.S PHẠM THỊ HỒNG NHUNG HUE, 2011 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby acknowledge that this study is mine The data and findings discussed in the thesis are true, used with permission from associates and have not been published elsewhere Author Tran Thi Thanh Tu ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to a number of people for helping to make this thesis possible First and foremost, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Pham Thi Hong Nhung for her invaluable support and guidance, wise insights and counsel, constructive criticism and feedback throughout this research Her generous and timely support and concern about the thesis were constants I could always rely on I would like to sincerely thank the anonymous participants who contributed data to this study The colleagues and students of mine deserve a special note of thanks for their wholeheartedly and cooperatively taking part in my research in different ways: completing a questionnaire, joining an interview and/or being active learners during my trial reading reflection instruction programme I am also grateful to my friends, in particular to Hoang Thi Linh Giang and Bach Quoc Hung for their unstinting help in providing me with lots of useful and up-to-date articles I am indebted to all my former lecturers who have contributed to my education The research would not have gone this far if it hadn’t been for the education I received when I pursued my study at Hue College of Foreign Languages My gratitude extends to Ms Nguyen Thi Hanh Trang for her careful reading and useful comments on the thesis I would also like to record here my deep appreciation to my relations especially my parents, parents-in-law, brothers and sisters-in-law, nieces and nephews for their mental and material support over time and distance Very special thanks are due to my beloved friend-husband for the unconditional love he has given me, the maturity and confidence that I have gained during our friendship and marriage His daily support and assistance in doing household chores, taking care of our son, and his helpful advice and funny encouragement on my thesis throughout difficult times have given me extensive energy to continue with my research And last, but by no means least, my heartfelt thanks go to my son, BookTran Huu Binh Nguyen for his growing up happily and healthily with my study and research Playing with him, hearing him talk, seeing him laugh and watching him grow up have been great sources of inspiration to me and have encouraged me to complete this thesis to the best of my ability READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Pages SUB COVER PAGE STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1-4 LIST OF TABLES ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the study 1.2 Significance of the study 11 1.3 Structure of the study 12 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 2.1 Definition of key terms 13 2.1.1 Reading 13 2.1.2 Reading comprehension 14 2.1.3 Reading reflection 16 2.2 Overview of the reading reflection 16 2.2.1 Reading reflection: A brief history 16 2.2.2 Reading refection as text/course book feature 21 2.3 Reading reflection and its effect on reading comprenhension level 23 2.4 Reading reflection and its impact on language competence 24 2.4.1 Reading reflection and its impact on readers’ attitude towards reading 24 2.4.2 Reading reflection and its impact on the visibility of readers’ thinking 24 2.4.3 Reading reflection and its impact on readers’ imagination 25 2.4.4 Reading reflection and its impact on readers’ inner voice 25 2.4.5 Reading reflection and its impact on readers’ critical thinking 26 READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION 2.5 Methods of EFL readers’ reflection 27 2.5.1 Read Like a Writer 27 2.5.2 Making Connections 29 2.6 Forms of EFL readers’ reflection 30 2.7 Reflection in EFL reading comprehension class in Vietnamese context 32 2.8 Summary 33 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 35 3.1 Rationale of research method triangulation 35 3.2 Participants of the study 36 3.2.1 Student participants 37 3.2.2 Teacher participants 38 3.2.3 Teacher-researcher 38 3.3 Data collection instruments 39 3.3.1 Questionnaires 39 3.3.1.1 Student Questionnaire (A): 39 3.3.1.2 Student Questionnaire (B): 40 3.3.1.3 Teacher Questionnaire 40 3.3.2 Interviews 42 3.3.3 Coursebooks being used for reading classes 43 3.4 Data collection procedure 43 3.5 Data analysis 45 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 46 4.1 Reading reflection in practice 46 4.1.1 Frequency of Reading Reflection 46 4.1.2 Forms of Reading Reflection 47 4.1.3 Methods of Reading Reflection - Read Like A Writer 48 4.1.4 Methods of Reading Reflection – Making Connections 49 4.1.5 Designers of students’ reflection 50 READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION 4.1.6 The level of “interesting” of reflection upon class readings to reading lessons and language learning 51 4.1.7 The importance of reflection upon class readings to language learning 53 4.1.8 The importance of reflection upon class readings to reading comprehension level 55 4.1.9 Difficulties in Doing/ Carrying out Reflection upon Class Readings 56 4.1.10 Benefits of Doing/ Carrying out Reflection upon Class Readings 58 4.2 Reading reflection in experiment 60 4.2.1 Students’ feeling about different aspects of the trial reading reflection instruction 60 4.2.2 Students’ most/ least favorites of the trial reading reflection instruction 64 4.2.3 Benefits of taking part in a course integrated with reading reflection 66 4.3 Summary 67 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 69 5.1 Study Purposes and Results 69 5.2 Contributions of the Study 70 5.3 Implications of the Study 71 5.4 Limitations of the Study 74 5.5 Further research 74 REFERENCES 75 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Questionnaires Appendix 1A: Student Questionnaire (A) i Appendix 1B: Student Questionnaire (B) iv Appendix 1C: Letter of transmittal and Teacher Questionnaire vi READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION Appendix 2: Interview Guide Headings and Questions Appendix 2A: Student Interview (A) Guide Headings and Questions x Appendix 2B: Student Interview (B) Guide Headings and Questions xi Appendix 2C: Teacher Interview Guide Headings and Questions xii Appendix 3: Samples of Reading Reflection Appendix 3A: Sample (English is more genuinely universal than Chinese) xiii Appendix 3B: Sample (A Happy Ending) xv Appendix 3C: Sample (A Talk with Mr Shafi) xvi Appendix 3D: Sample (The Late Regret) xvii Appendix 3E: Sample (When you pick up one end of a stick, you also pick up the other) xix Appendix 3F: Sample (A mixed blessing) xxii READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION STUDENT INTERVIEW (A) GUIDE HEADINGS AND QUESTIONS Part 1: Greeting, Thanking and Opening Part 2: Interview From the questionnaire, I learn that most of you only sometimes reflect upon class readings Could you possibly give me the reasons for this? How you your reading reflection? By writing them down, speaking or using some kind of body language, picture, etc.? And why’s that? It is learnt from the questionnaire that you more text-to-self and text-to-world connections than text-to-text connection? Could you explain the reasons? (Handout 1) What you are having in your hands is some reasons for the importance of reading reflection to language learning To what extent you agree or disagree with the reasons? In the questionnaire, many of you did write “It is a waste of time to think and look up in the dictionary when I reading reflection.” What you mean by that? Do you ever think that reading reflection is something out of your ability? Why (not)? Is there any time in your reading reflection that you not want to share your experience with others? Why’s that? Do you think that reflecting upon class readings helps you know how to make judgments about the good and bad qualities of reading lessons/ texts? And how come? Part 3: Closing and Thanking STUDENTS’ REASONS FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF READING REFLECTION TO LANGUAGE LEARNING REASONS New ideas/ knowledge got and expressed Integrated skills Level of comprehension and timely aid New skill of reading STUDENTS “I have a lot of new ideas.” “Through reflection on content of text, I can learn a lot of things that I’ve never known before and this makes me have more knowledge about my major, study and this life.” “I can improve my English skills, grammar.” “It helps me improve reading skill, speaking skill, grammar.” “Understand more my reading lessons and from that clear understanding I am more interested in learning.” “It’s an important skill It makes me more active.” Handout for Student Interview (A)/ Questionnaire Data x READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION STUDENT INTERVIEW (B) GUIDE HEADINGS AND QUESTIONS Part 1: Greeting, Thanking and Opening Part 2: Interview (Handout 1) To what extent you agree with the statement “Writing down or speaking out my reflection helps me much with my comprehension of the reading text.”? Which one you prefer? And why’s that? Which one you prefer: written reflection, spoken reflection or doing reflection? What you prefer: reflecting in groups or reflecting individually? Is four reflections in a reading course enough for you and how come? Is it necessary for teachers to have an introduction of the methods and forms of reading reflection at the beginning of the reading course? In completing the two statements “The reflection method(s) that I find most interesting is (are) …” and “The reflection method(s) that I find least interesting is (are) …”, most of you wrote “No idea”, “Don’t know”, “Nothing” or “blank leaving” Could you tell me what you meant by that? Part 3: Closing and Thanking Handout for Student Interview (B) xi READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION TEACHER INTERVIEW GUIDE HEADINGS AND QUESTIONS Part 1: Greeting, Thanking and Opening Part 2: Interview From the questionnaire, I learn that you most of you only sometimes carry out reflection upon class readings Could you possibly give me the reasons for this? How you encourage your students to reading reflection? By writing them down, speaking or using some kind of body language, picture, etc.? And why’s that? It is learnt from the questionnaire that more text-to-self and text-to-world connections are carried out in class than text-to-text connection? Could you explain the reasons? (Handout 1) What you are having in your hands is some reasons for the importance of reading reflection to language learning To what extent you agree or disagree with the reasons? What you think about one of the students’ difficulties “I have a lot of ideas, so I can’t choose one.”? What are the reasons for the use of the current textbooks? Part 3: Closing and Thanking TEACHERS’ REASONS FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF READING REFLECTION TO LANGUAGE LEARNING REASONS New ideas/ knowledge got and expressed Integrated skills Level of comprehension and timely aid New skill of reading TEACHERS “I think reflection upon class readings is very important in language learning because it challenges students to stretch their language abilities to express their ideas.” “Students know more things about the world, their life through the text.” “They can practice skills.” “Students learn consciously about grammar, vocabulary, organization and development of ideas, which helps them improve other skills.” “Broaden and deepen students’ understanding of the reading texts” “I can know for sure if students understand reading lessons (texts) and then help students when necessary.” “It helped me know some useful ways to analyze the reading texts, which made me be more confident in teaching reading and reading critically.” Handout for Teacher Interview/ Questionnaire Data xii READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION A REFLECTION ON THE READING “ENGH LISH AS A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE” by John Naisbitt and Patricia Aburdene (1990) o Word choice: genuinely According to the article, we can know the number of English speakers is about one billion: including → 400 million people speak English as a native language Such is the case of U.S, England, Australia, Tobago, Dominica respectively and several others → 400 million people speak English as a second language such as Singapore, Canada, India, New Zealand, Ireland, etc → Several hundred million people speak English as a foreign langue Some examples of these are Vietnam, Chinese, Thailand, The Philippines, Tango, etc Similarly, the number of people who speak Chinese is 885 millions We can see these two figures in here are quite equal It means that English is as universal as Chinese But? Why the writer said that English is more genuinely universal than Chinese? Or why didn’t he use the word as “in fact”, “clearly”, “indeed” instead of “genuinely”? Sample (English is more genuinely universal than Chinese) xiii READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION It is clear that the writer wants to show or emphasize the global spread of English First, English is used in many more countries than Chinese (England, Canada, Australia… ) Second, it is used in many more fields such as media, transportation, medicine, electronics, space technology than Chinese Third, English is also used as one of official languages of many world organizations like the UN, WTO, IMF, IOC, NATO, etc  In short, English is certainly more widespread geographically and more genuinely universal than Chinese Sample (English is more genuinely universal than Chinese) xiv READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION A Reflection on “Finding Real Love” by Cary Barbor (2001) xv Sample (A Happy Ending) READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION A TALK WITH Mr SHAFI IN “CONVERSATIONS IN MALAYSIA” by V.S Naipaul (1981) xvi Sample (A Talk with Mr Shafi) READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION A Reflection on “Finding Real Love” by Cary Barbor (2001) THE LATE REGRET If you love anybody, you should tell him/her how much you love him/her Do not hesitate otherwise you will not have any chance to express your love with him/her Let’s read the following story and…go to the person who you love to tell how much you love him/her Tara met Abe at a party She was instantly attracted to the tall, lean man with a faraway look in his eyes Abe, who had been standing alone was delighted when Tara approached him with her open smile and outstretched hand She was not only beautiful, but she truck him as warm and nurturing as well The conversation between them flowed instantly It felt comfortable and easy Eventually, they fell in love, and after a year, they were married But the intimacy between them was not happy as they wanted Abe_ the man was affected by his childhood which he always dreaded He experienced as a child with his mother, who used to enter his room uninvited and arrange his personal belongings with no regard to his privacy So when he lived with Tara, his selfishness still exists clearly in his mind For instance, sometimes, he would come home from work tired and annoyed All he wanted was a drink and to sit with the paper until he could calm down and relax Seeing him that way, Tara would become concerned She wanted to share with him but he did not want to share So, day by day, the distance between Tara and Abe became much further Until a day, Tara received The Result Record from hospital It broke her heart when she read the result line: Leukemia_ The terminally ill This is a dangerous disease which can take away the human life quickly But Tara kept this thing as her secret She did not want to make her husband worried Accidents did happen Four months later, Tara died by this dangerous disease And her death awakened Abe: xvii READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION  …date…month…year…: The first time when I met you, I think that I not love Sample (The Late Regret) anybody but you… your eyes are sparkling and transparent……I feel it is so honest and devotional in yours……hopefully I always see you…  …date…month…year…: Today is the happiest day of my life Everybody said that you and I are a well matched couple… I am truly happy when I become your wife… Abe! I LOVE YOU!  …date…month…year…: Today is your birthday I learn the way to make cream cake and it is the first time I make it I am very worried because I not know whether you like it or not……But it is 11h30 Pm, you not come back… I am disappointed…  …date…month…year…: I see that you are very tired I want to share with you but you just answer: “Nothing” And you drink a lot….Why, Abe?  …date…month…year…: Today is the commemoration of our first marriage year I want to something so that you and I are happy on this important day I ask you about it but you answer: “I am busy”… I cry and cry so much…  …date…month…year…: ….I not know what I will I get the Leukemia which can make me and you distant forever….I want to tell you about it but how will I tell you? How will you live when I not live in this world? Abe cried so much as a child when he read the diary of Tara….this is his wife who he loved, loves and will love forever in his life but… …Sometimes…The life is not honeyed as we wish …And…Let’s respect everything we have xviii READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION My group reflects on the saying “When you pick up one end of a stick, you also pick up the other” (Paragraph E, page 66) of the reading text “Bare Branches” Might Snap in Asia by Valerie Hudson and Andrea Den Boer (2004) There is a young couple… One day the husband has just come home from work Sample (The Late Regret) Husband: Wife: Husband: Wife: Honey, what are you doing? I am preparing for our dinner You seem sad What is matter with you? Oh, honey! This morning I went to the doctor, and he says I have a baby Husband: Baby, really? That is so cool! I’m really happy we have a child Um…baby boy or baby girl? Girl! Wife: Husband: Wife: Husband: (Sad!) You know I am the only child in my family, and my parents re ee…aaally…want to have a grandson I know, but we have no choice.… “Abort it!” We can have a baby boy next time… That parents tend to prefer sons to daughters is still popular in some societies This also causes some serious problem for not only men but also women…… … And their dream comes true They have a baby boy later (Peter is the name of their son) Twenty five years later ……… Ring, ring!!! Peter: Are you free, Mary? I miss you, I want to meet you DAT KHACH coffee shop! Ok? Mary: Yes! Wait me for some minutes Sample (When you pick up one end of a stick, you also pick up the other) xix READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION At DAT KHACH coffee shop Peter: Mary! I love you I want to live with you forever Become my wife, ok? (Peter comes towards Mary and kneels to propose to her, Peter and Mary exchange the blade of grass to make a ring as the engagement) Mary: … Huh, you know I am happy, I totally agree! I love you, too Peter is a businessman who is very rich He lives at the same town as Mary Not long time later! John crashes into Marry when he passes by her, which makes Mary’s bag drop on the ground John: Oh, I am sorry Are you ok? Mary: No problem! John: Where are you going? Mary: I’m coming home Could you give me a lift? John: Yes, of course Get on my car Mary: This is your car Wow! It is really beautiful It sounds expensive My name is Mary And you? On car: Can I have your name? Oh, really!!! John! My villa is at the end of this road Would you like to drink coffee with me? YES!!! From that day, Mary and John usually go on a date with each other Peter still doesn’t know what is happening to him Sample (When you pick up one end of a stick, you also pick up the other) xx READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION One day he meets his lover on the street by accident Peter: Oh, Mary! Why are you here? Who are you going hands Mary: Peter: Mary: John : in hands? Peter! This is my new boyfriend What? Are you joking? You are going to marry me I am sorry Peter, I cann…nn.n’t… Where are you on earth? This is my lover You have no right to force her! Do you have a car? Do you have a villa? Do you have a lot of money? You have nothing But I, I have every thing So, go away! John pushes Peter, and catches Mary from Peter’s hands Then, they get on car and go away in happiness, leaving Peter alone!?? Pete feels miserable!!! Why!!! why!!!!!! Seeing Peter miserable, his parents feel regretful about what they did in the past It is true that “When you pick up one end of a stick, you also pick up the other” Sample (When you pick up one end of a stick, you also pick up the other) xxi READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION A reflection on Korea’s Makeover from Dull to Hip Changes the Face of Asia by Gordon Fiarclough, the Wall Street Journal, October 20, 2005 Good morning, class! Today, our group will present our reflection on the reading “Korea’s Makeover from Dull to Hip Changes the Face of Asia” by Gordon Fiarclough As you know, nowadays, many people want to become more beautiful And many of them have gone “under the knife” Korea is known as one of the best places to take an operation However, going “under the knife” to transform appearance can be a mixed blessing Sometimes, people are pretty happy with their beautiful after-photos but sometimes they have to suffer with their ugly after-photos And sometimes, people have a mixed feeling or even suffer a lot behind their marvelous afterphotos Today our group will share with you a story about this mixed blessing Main actors Oanh Hong Hanh Nga Nguyen Tran Huong Action Hanh: Oanh: Hanh: Oanh: : husband : wife : beautiful girl : doctor : guider Hot day, isn’t it? I not want to cook Would you like to eat hamburger? You’re so lazy You know hamburger is very expensive and it will make you fatter Honey, Honey (shaking his hand begging) Ok (in a reluctant way) Huong: in the restaurant, Oanh sees a beautiful girl and they are beginning argument Oanh: gazing at a beautiful girl Hanh: (feeding Oanh, her husband but Oanh does not care about her) What are you looking at? The girl over there? Oanh: Look at this cake It is filled with pepper and chili It looks like your face It is terrible, you make me feel bored I can’t stand more I want to get divorced (shouting at Hanh in an angry voice) Hanh: (crying) You…you…are… (running) Huong, another beautiful day, Oanh meets Nga, a beautiful girl at the park and they have a conversation xxii Sample (A mixed blessing) READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION Oanh: Nga: Oanh: Nga: Oanh: Nga: Oanh: Nga: Oanh: Nga: Hello! Could you tell me the time? Hey, the girl I met at the restaurant (whispering this in a surprising tone) 6.a.m What’s your name? My name is John May I have your name? You look like an Asian Yes, I’m Korean You are the most beautiful girl that I have ever met Could I befriend with you? Ok, if you like I’m a CEO of MBI company I’m lonely, how about you? I’m Chinsu, an actress I’m lonely, too Would you like to go shopping with me? O k (in shyness) You look so nice I like you Huong: They usually go out together and they become lovers quickly Once Hanh meets them at the supermarket Oanh ignores Hanh After this event, Hanh is very upset She decides to have a surgery She flies to Korea to make an operation At the hospital Hanh: knock…knock…knock Nguyen: Come in, please! Hanh: You are Dr Chung Jong Pil, right? I know you are so good at cosmetic operation You can make ugly people become beautiful people Nguyen: Yes, I’m Dr Chung What can I for you? Hanh: You see, my face, full of acnes Nguyen: It’s my job Be secured! I can make your face whiter, smoother and more than that I am sure that you will look like a Korean actress Huong: the surgery is very successful Hanh becomes much more beautiful Once, Hanh meets her old husband again while he is going hands in hands with Nga He doesn’t realize his old wife His personality still doesn’t change Nga: Oanh: Nga: Oanh: Nga: Oanh: Oanh: Hanh: Honey! What are you looking at? Do you hear what I say? What a bother! You are looking at this girl She isn’t more beautiful than me? I am fed up with you (crying and running away) (approaching) Hey, girl! Could you tell me the time? What’s your name? You look so familiar? Really? This is the first time that I’ve met you xxiii Sample (A mixed blessing) READING REFLECTION _ M.A THESIS IN EDUCATION Oanh: Hanh: Oanh: Hanh: Oanh: Can we befriend? I’m a millionaire I have two banks, three villas I have a lot of properties Oh, unable to list all You’ll have many things if you … (beginning to get angry) You always tell lies Do you know who am I? I’m Oanh, your old wife You are … ? (slap in Oanh’s face) R a s c a l ! Please forgive me I know my mistake I feel regretful I have found you everywhere Huong: Nguyen, the doctor appears He is the new boyfriend of Hanh Nguyen: Honey! What happened to you? Hanh: This man always bothers me Nguyen: saying nothing and hit Oanh Hanh: Goodbye my love, Oanh Huong: From our small play, in your opinion Is Oanh happy? Nga, a bit happy and then really sad? Hanh, unhappy and then happy? Or unhappy and unhappy? Or what? Again our message to you is that going “under the knife” to transform appearance can be a mixed blessing So be careful Sample (A mixed blessing) xxiv