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English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students Pa VINH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ===== ===== NGUN THÞ Giang English articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students (Phân tích lỗi th-ờng gặp học sinh phổ thông Việt Nam viƯc sư dơng m¹o tõ tiÕng anh) SUMMARY OF GRADUATION THESIS Field: Linguistics VINH, 2008 = = Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The thesis could not have completed without the enougagements and helps from my teachers, my beloved family and my friends First of all, I especially would like to express my deepest and special gratitude to my supervisor, Mrs Vũ Thị Việt Hương (M.A) whose useful ideas, instructions and advice, critical feedbacks for the thesis and encouragement have helped me a great deal from the beginning to the end of the thesis writing process I am also indebted to Mrs Vâ ThÞ Hång Minh (M.A) for reading my thesis and giving me valuable suggestions I should also like to acknowledge my gratitude to all students of class 11A8 and 11A9 of Nguyen Du high school for giving me a chance to carry out the rearch design Then, my sincere thanks are due to all my lecturers from Department of Foreign Languages, Vinh University for their valuable lectures which help me to orient the topic Finally, I am really in debt to my beloved family, my friends for their help during the process of doing this thesis Vinh, May 2008 Nguyen Thi Giang Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students List of Abbreviations Etc: Et cetera X: Zero article E.g: Example *: Unacceptable expressions Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students List of tables Table 2.1 Results of section Table 2.2 Results of section Table 2.3 Results of section Table 2.4 Results of section Table 2.5 Number of errors and their causes in section Table 2.6 Number of errors and their causes in section Table 2.7 Number of errors and their causes in section Table 2.8 Number of errors and their causes in section Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students Table of contents Page Acknowledgements i List of abbreviations ii List of tables iii Table of contents iv Part A: Introduction 1 Rationale of the study Aims of the study Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study Part B: Contents Chapter 1: Theoretical Background 1.1 An Overview of English articles 1.1.1 Definition of articles 1.1.2 Types of articles 1.2 The uses of the articles 1.2.1 Indefinite article 'a, an' 1.2.2 Definite article 'the' 1.2.3 Zero article 10 1.3 Errors in language learning process 12 1.3.1 The notion of error 12 1.3.2 Errors versus Mistakes 13 1.3.3 Causes of error in second language learning 14 1.3.3.1 Interlingual errors 14 1.3.3.2 Intralingual errors 16 1.3.4 Error analysis 18 1.3.4.1 Definition of error analysis 18 Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students 1.3.4.2 The significance of error analysis 18 Chapter 2: The study 20 2.1 Research questions 20 2.2 Research setting 20 2.3 Description of subjects 20 2.4 Data collection 21 2.5 Procedure 21 2.6 Preliminary results and data collection 22 2.6.1 Results of section 22 2.6.2 Results of section 23 2.6.3 Results of section 23 2.6.4 Results of section 24 2.7 Errors and their causes 25 2.7.1 Errors and their causes in section 25 2.7.2 Errors and their causes in section 29 2.7.3 Errors and their causes in section 32 2.7.4 Errors and their causes in section 36 Chapter 3: Findings and Implications 40 3.1 Research question revisited 40 3.1.1 Research question 40 3.1.2 Research question 41 3.1.3 Research question 41 3.2 Implications and suggestions for teaching and learning 42 3.2.1 Suggestions for presentation 42 3.2.2 Suggestions for practice 44 3.2.3 Suggestions for learning English articles 46 3.3 Suggestions for further research 47 Part C: Conclusion 48 References Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students Appendix Suggested Answer rt A: Introduction Rationale of the study Nowadays, foreign language is very necessary for everybody It is a mean of communication and information exchange In recent years, English learning has once again grown into a movement in our country, Viet Nam, where the economy is developing in a high speed with the open - door policies towards Engish- speaking countries English brings people on earth close together Every language has its own characteristics and rules In most schools, English has been considered to be one of the most necessary subjects for students in Vietnam Since Vietnamese and English have very distinct grammar systems, Vietnamese students tend to encounter alot of difficulties in acquiring the target language Among these difficulties is the use of English articles in English writing Thus, it is not easy for students to use English articles effectively and most learners are confused between the indefinite article and the definite article Vietnamese learners, especially high school students are also confused in using English article as a, an and the In the proccess of learning, the learners caused many errors and faced with the task of acquiring a second language, they attempted to set up the rules of the language Like the native learners, they can use the evidence provided by the target language itself, and this will lead to errors and those of causes of errors in the process of learning a language in general and learning a foreign language in particular This Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students problem has given an impetus to this study, which aims at examing various uses of English articles as well as typical errors made by Vietnamese learners It is necessary for teachers to find out students' errors so as to know some ways to use English articles properly and effectively It can not be denied that English articles are an important element in grammar This is revealed in the works of A.J Thomson and A.V Martinet (1987), Quirk (1972), Raymond Murphy (1991), Corder (1974) and so on In Vietnam, there have been a number of studies and B.A graduation these by some linguists and students, focusing on error analysis, such as Pham Thi Mai (2000), Hoang Tuyet Minh (2002), Nguyen Huu Chan (2003) However, to the best of my knowledge, no research so far has been done on error analysis of English articles Thus, an analysis of errors in using English articles is intended to be an effort contributing to fill the gap For the above reasons, the author has decided to choose: "English Articles: an analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students" to be the theme of the thesis Aims of the study The study reported in this thesis aims to: Identify common errors in using English articles Find out the major causes and sources of errors made by high school students Make some suggestions for teaching and learning English articles in English writing Scope of the study Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students In this study, the author only focus on finding and analyzing all errors which are encountered by the students in using English articles in writing and find out related reasons Methods of the study In order to meet the above- mentioned aims of the study, some following methods are applied: Collective method Descriptive method Analysis method Design of the study The study is structured into three parts and three chapters, which are organized as follows: Part A: Introduction In the introductory part, the rationale of the study is presented The aims, subjects, scope and method of the study are then identified The design of the study is also provided Part B: Contents Chapter : Theoretical background This chapter will provide an in-depth review of the relevant literature related to the issue under investigation Specially, a review of English aticles will provide the theoretical framework for identification of the errors that students made In addition, the theory about the sources of errors helps us explore what factors cause errors committed by students in English writing Error analysis as the main theoretical tool for analysing data will also be reviewed Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students Chapter 2: The study The chapter will present the methodology adopted to collect data for the research It includes the information of research setting, participants, and data collection techniques Besides, this chapter will also present and discuss the results and findings of the study Chapter 3: Findings and Implications This chapter will summarise some major findings, suggest some types of exercises and give some implications for teaching and learning English articles Part C: Conclusion This is the final part of the thesis This part is a brief summary of what has been presented in the thesis and it also includes some suggestions related to English articles for further research This part is accompanied by list of References and Appendixes Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 10 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students 3.1.1.3 Zero article Zero article is the type of articles that students did not seem to master the rules In fact, all the exercises that students were asked to use it, quite a high number of students had difficulties with it (in section 1) because they used to confused between the rules of the definite article and the indefinite article 3.1.2 Research question What might be the causes and sources of errors in using articles in English? After the investigation above, it has been found that most students had many difficulties in using English articles A large number of errors could be traced to the following causes: interlingual and intralingual errors The interlingual errors are caused by mother tongue interference And, the intralingual errors are caused by overgeneralization, false concept hypothesized, incomplete application rules Moreover, poor language knowledge also is considered as a major errors in using English articles 3.1.3 Research question What suggestions can be made in the learning and teaching process in order to help students to obtain the correct use of English articles? In the process of learning language, the students committed errors in using English articles This tends to show that students did not really master their use of articles in English, even they might be carelessness and misapplication Therefore, we make some suggestions for teaching and learning English articles in order to overcome the causes of errors Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 47 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students 3.2 Implications for teaching and learning English articles From the findings in the present study, some following suggestions are hoped to be some help for teaching and learning English article to Vietnamese students These suggestion will be given to the two stages of the language teaching process: presentation and practice 3.2.1 Suggestions for presentation Language learning is affected by many factors Teaching methods are one of them Thus, how the English articles are often taught and learned must be reviewed In order to help students use English articles correctly, the teacher's role is crucial in the process of improving students' abilities For teachers, the following suggestions would be helpful First of all, it would be suggested that the teacher not only needs to be aware of all basic English articles and know how they can be used, but also to have good knowledge about the articles in term of rules, positions, functions as well as teachers should distinguish the definite article" the", indefinite articles" a,an" and the zero aticle However, teacher can introduce a table or a diagram pointing out what kinds of noun can go with types of articles like the following table: Singular Countable Plural Uncountable Definite the the Indefinite a, an x Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn x 48 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students For example: Singular Countable Definite Plural Uncountable the the the chair a, an Indefinite a chair an apple the weather the chairs x x weather chairs Secondly, teacher should help students understand deeply about the articles and help them memorize by explaining systematically and logically rules of articles through some contexts and situations Moreover, the teachers should emphasize on some main rules that help learners pay attention to Take an example for this way Teacher can give a short story or a fable to the students like the following: "Once there was a wild dod who was very, very hungry He had not had anything to eat for a long time He ran here and there through the woods and meadows looking for a rabbit or a squirrel or even a mouse to eat But it was winter and he found nothing Finally, he came near a farmhouse where he met an old farm dog The farm dog as plump and had well - brushed hair The wild dog asked the farm dog about his job" Teacher may ask the students how many articles there are in the fable or ask them why the articles are put in the places, so on In addition, teacher should supply more exercises and activities and different stimuli For example: pictures include open- ended exercises which allow the students to discover the bounds of usage Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 49 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students On the other hand, in order to help students avoid committing the interlingual and intralingual errors in using English articles, it is important for teachers to adopt a positive attitude towards students' errors and its treatment This aim is to help students use English articles effectively Therefore, teacher should be a guide to support students to participate in learning process and he had better also co-operate with the students in teaching and learning to get a good result To sum up, because of the complex usage of the articles, the teacher can not have an ambition of helping learners to remember all the rules at the same time but he should introduce some cases using articles little by little Therefore, the most important way to help the students overcome errors is that the teacher should create and give different types of exercises of different types of articles thoroughly A clear presentation will help the students master the rules and forms of English articles and make them feel more confident when using articles in English 3.2.2 Suggestions for practice All of the above suggestions for teaching English articles would be more benifitable to help the students acquire good knowledge of articles and overcome the problems in using English articles Some types of exercises will be suggested in this section to check students' abilities in using articles Type 1: Multiple choice (using English articles) The aim of this type of exercise is to check the students' abilities in the use of articles water is the best drink when you are thirty A a B an C the D x David attended _Princetor University A a B.an C the Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn D x 50 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students What did you eat for lunch? A a B.an C the D x sugar in this bowl is full a lumps A a B.an C the D x Ankara is capital of Turkey A a B.an C the D x 6. _French are famous for their food A a B.an C the D x C the D x I have few friends in Paris A a B.an Peter went out without _umbrella A a B.an C the D x Type 2: Fill in the blank with a suitable article (a / an/ the/ x) The aim of this type is to increase the students' awareness of applying English articles Hawail is……….island in the Pacific Ocean I cannot remember if I saw that film on television or at …… cinema That man over there is collecting for…….blind Look at …… apples on that tree! They're very large After I leave school, I want to go to……….university For lunch I had a sandwich and an apple……… sandwich wasn't very nice She lives near……………Lake Windermere ………football is a popular game in Asia Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 51 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students Type 3: Translate the following sentences into English (note: Using English articles) The aim of this type is to show the learners the relationship between the English article items and their Vietnamese equivalents Paris lµ thủ đô n-ớc Pháp Chúng đà ăn tối nhà hàng H-ơu cao cổ loài cao tất thú vật Tại phủ không làm nhiều để giúp ng-ời thất nghiệp Muối đ-ợc dùng để làm cho thức ăn có vị Chị th-ờng chơi bóng chuyền sáng Năm tr-ớc đà thăm n-ớc Canada n-ớc Mỹ Mary sinh viên tr-ờng đại học Liverpool 3.2.3 Suggestions for learning English articles In order to overcome the problems when learning English article, the following suggestions should be good for students to: Become familiar with English articles and their basic rules, forms, structures,and know how to realize their subtypes and their application Learn English articles in a systematic way and keep in mind the rules of English articles usage Look out for the forming the rules themselves and organize these rules in a way that are clear to them Pay much attention to all the idiomatic expressions and exceptions of the articles Share knowledge, experiences with the teachers and classmates Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 52 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students Show no fear of making errors, try to understand why they consistently make a certain kind of errors They can avoid making them by checking the textbook, or asking the teacher Practise regularly by doing a lot of exercises and tasks that are designed related to English articles because "practice makes perfect" 3.3 Suggestions for further research Due to limitation of time for the researcher, the presented study is confined only to the making error analysis in using English articles by high school students On the basic of this research, the following studies on how to help Vietnamese students acquire good knowledge of articles as well as good ability to use English articles are as follows: An analysis of errrors made by Vietnamese high school students in using the definite article " the" An analysis of errrors made by Vietnamese high school students in using the indefinite article " a, an" An analysis of errrors made by Vietnamese high school students in using the zero article Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 53 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an English Articles: An analysis of errors encountered by Vietnamese high school students Part C: Conclusion For years, grammar has had a central role in language As previous mentioned, learners' grammartical knowledge is the key factors governing the success of the four skills It can not denied that English artiles play a crucial role in English grammar in general and in language teaching in particular Being fullly conscious of this, the study has first dealt with some theoretical background about English articles and Errors analysis with hope they can provide readers with a brief overview on the impotance of learning English articles Next, with a little experience gathered from my teaching noviciate in Nguyen Du high school as well as a test done there, the author has found out some of most typical errors encountered by the students in using English articles Errors collected consist of two main types: interlingual errors and intralingual errors In terms of intralingual, errors include: over-generalization, incomplete applicaion of rules, false concepts hypothesized Besides, poor language knowledge is also considered a significant number of errors Moreover, the author also gives some suggestions for teaching and learning English articles in secondary school to help learners have good knowledge of articles and avoid errors in learning process In light of this study, the teacher plays a important role They should know what point should be focused on and what errors should be avoided Another way of study is to examine the various structures, rules, forms and all the things like that can be followed by English articles Due to the limitation of time, materials, experience, knowledge, it is obvious that this study contain a lot of weaknesses Therefore, all comments and ideas to perfect it are warmly welcome and highly appreciated to help for completing this thesis Nguyen Thi Giang - Vinh university Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 54 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an References English: A.J Thomson and A.V Martinet (1987) A practical English Grammar Oxford University Press Ltd A.J Thomson and A.V Martinet (1987) Applied Exercises On practical English Grammar Oxford University Press Ltd Chomsky, N (1965) Aspect of the Theory of Syntax, Ma: M.I.T press, Cambridge Cook, G (1989) Discourse, Oxford University Press, London Corder, S.P ( 1976) The Significance of Learners' Errors, IRAL Corder, S.P (1974) Error Analysis, The Edidburgh Course in Applied Linguistics, Vol 3, Oxford University Press Jame, C (1998) Errors in Language learning and Use, Addison Wesley Longman Limited Quik, R.et al ( 1972), A Grammar of Contemporary English, Longman Group Ltd, Essex Quirk, R and Greenbaum, S.(1976) A University Grammar of EnglishWorkbook, Longman group Ltd 10 Randoph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum, S.(1976) A University Grammar of English, Longman Group Ltd 11 Raymond Murphy.(1991) Essential Grammar in use, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 12 Richards, J.C, Platt, J and Platt, H (1992) Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 13 Richards, J.C.(1971) A non- contrastive Approach to Error Analysis, Error Analysis Perspective on Second Language Acquistion, Longman, London 14 Richards, J.C.(1992) Eglish Grammar TESOL Quarterly Vol.13, No.4 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Vietnamese: Hoang Tuyet Minh (2002) Errors in Using Intensive Verbs M.A Thesis College of Foreign Languages Vietnam National University Nguyen Huu Chan (2003) Errors in Using Reference by Second- Year Students at Quang Ngai Teachers' Training College M.A Thesis College of Foreign Languages Vietnam National University Ph¹m Đăng Bình ( Ed) ( 1999) Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh Thông Dụng Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Đại Học Quốc Gia Hµ Néi Pham Thi Mai (2000).Common Mistakes In Using English Articles M.A Thesis College of Foreign Languages Vietnam National University Trần Văn Điển (Ed).(1998) Văn Phạm Tiếng Anh Thực Hành TP Hồ Chí Minh: Nhà Xuất Bản Thanh Niên Võ Nguyễn Xuân Tùng (Ed).(2002) Cẩm Nang Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ Xuân Bá ( Ed) ( 2002) Các Thì Và Mạo Từ Tiếng Anh Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Thế Giíi Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Suggested Answer I Choose the best answer "a, an, the, nothing (X) artilce" with A, B, C, D in each sentence as follows ( Chọn mạo từ thích hợp A,B,C,D câu sau với"a, an, the "x- không dùng mạo tõ) 1.D 5.D 2.C 6.A 3.C 7.A 4.A 8.D II Fill in the blank with the suitable articles " a, an, the or nothing (X)" (Điền vào chỗ trống với mạo từ thích hợp) x 5.x 3.the 6.the 3.a 7.x 4.x 8.a III Find out a mistake about using English articles in each sentence below and correct them( Tìm lỗi sai câu sau sửa lại cho đúng) 1.A > x 5.A > the C > the 6.B > an 3.D > the 7.D > a 4.A > x 8.A >x IV Translate the follwing sentences into English (note: using English article) ( DÞch câu sau sang tiếng anh - l-u ý sử dơng m¹o tõ) The man who wrote this book is very famous What a beautiful girl she is! His family lives near the center of city The Japanese admire the traditions of the Chinese Milk is good for your heath I ate an organe for Breakfast His family always enjoys "Thankgiving" Mrs Smith always goes to church on sunday Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Appendix English Test Time : 90 minutes Full name:………………………………………… Class:……………………………………………… School:…………………………………………… Date:……………………………………………… I Choose the best answer "a, an, the, nothing (X) artilce" with A, B, C, D in each sentence as follows (Chän m¹o tõ thích hợp A,B,C,D câu sau với a, an, the x - không dùng mạo tõ) Please give me a cup of………….coffee A an B a C the D zero article(x) 2………ink in my pen is red A a B an C the D x 3…………whale is in danger of becoming extinct A a B an C the D x I'll pay you ……… hundred for month A a B an C the D x She goes to ………school everyday A a B an C the D x My parents have……… cat A a B an C the D x Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an …….Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from France to the United states A the B a C an D x 8………Lake Erie is one of the five Great Lakes in North America A a B the C.an D.x II Fill in the blank with the suitable articles "a, an, the or nothing (X)" (Điền vào chỗ trống với mạo từ thích hỵp) Have you already had……….lunch? We need to more for ……….poor I am looking for ………new job ……… Chirstmas comes once a year David played………volleybal yesterday …………earth goes round the sun Rita is studying …… Maths this semester What …… beautiful girl she is! III Find out a mistake about using English articles in each sentence below and correct them (T×m lỗi sai câu sau sửa lại cho ®óng) My mother goes to the church in the morning, and in the afternoon goes to visit X friends A B C D This morning I bought a newspaper and a magazine A newspaper is in my bag but I A B don't know where the magazine is D Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Every English child knows the story of Robin Hood It is said that he A robbed the rich and gave the money to a poor B C D The coffee is good for your heath for X Beakfast Do you take X sugar and A B C X milk? D X Soviet Union was the first country to send a man into X space A B C D Would you like to hear a story about the Englishman, an Irishman and a A B C D Scotsman and they are all the same When you go to the store, please buy a bottle of X chocolate milk and the dozen of oranges A B C D Mary's grandmother went to the hospital as a patient, so we went to visit her X last night A B C IV Translate the follwing sentences into English ( note: using English article) ( dịch câu sau sang tiÕng anh - l-u ý sư dơng m¹o tõ) Ng-ời đàn ông mà viết sách næi tiÕng > Ôi ! cô cô gái thật đẹp! > Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn
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