Some aspects of environmental lease for ecottourism business in cat ba national park, hai phong city,vietnam

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY STUDENT THESIS SOME ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE FOR ECOTOURISM BUSINESS IN CAT BA NATIONAL PARK, HAI PHONG CITY, VIETNAM Major: Natural Resources Management (Advanced Curriculum) Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Trieu Thi Hong Hanh Student ID:1054030179 Class: K55 Natural Resources Management Course: 2010 – 2014 Advanced Education Program Developed in Collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Van Dien Hanoi, November 2014 Acknowledgements Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Associate Professor Dr Pham Van Dien- Vice Rector of Vietnam Forestry University for the continuous support of my study, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis Besides my supervisor, I would thank Cat Ba National Park management board, some local people, businesses and particularly thanks to Mr Nguyen Van Hach who is via director of tourism service and environmental education center, Cat Ba National Park for their encouragement, support, insightful comments, creating convenient conditions to help me complete the study I must also acknowledge professors of Vietnam Forestry University and Colorado State University, especially Pr Lee MacDonald for taking time out from their busy schedule to provide lectures, advice and guidance for my study A very special thanks goes out to my family for the support they provided me through my entire life, without whose love and encouragement I would not have finished this thesis TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURE TABLE PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT 1.2 OVERVIEW 1.2.1 ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE 1.2.2 EXISTING METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE PRICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE 1.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE IN THE PRACTICE 1.2.4 GAPS AND SHORTCOMINGS 1.3 OBJECTIVES PART II SITE DESCRIPTION 2.1 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND RESOURCE VALUES 2.2 GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT ECOTOURISM ACTIVITIES IN CAT BA NATIONAL PARK 11 2.3 THE ADVANTAGES, POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONS OF ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT 12 PART III METHODS 13 3.1 DATA APPROACH 13 3.2 DATA COLLECTION 13 3.3 DATA ANANYSIS 14 PART IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSTION 17 4.1 CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE LOCATIONS AND ORIENTATIONS FOR ECOTOURISM ACTIVITIES 17 4.2 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE LOCATIONS 20 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE PRICE UNIT AND AMOUNT OF MONEY 24 4.4 CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE LOCATIONS BY AMOUNT OF MONEY FOR LEASE 29 4.5 IMPLICATIONS 30 PART V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 31 5.1.CONCLUSIONS 31 5.2.RECOMMENDATIONS 32 REFERENCES APPENDIX FIGURES FIGURE 2.1 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF CAT BA NATIONAL PARK FIGURE 4.1 MAP OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE LOCATIONS IN CAT BA NATIONAL PARK 17 TABLES TABLE 1.1: THE FOREST LEASE OBJECTS ACCORDING TO LAW ON FOREST PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT 2004 TABLE 1.2 METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PRICE OF FOREST TYPES TABLE 4.1: ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE LOCATIONS AND AREA IN CAT BA NATIONAL PARK 18 TABLE 4.2 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE LOCATIONS 21 TABLE 4.3: PARAMETERS AND CRITERIA TO ASSESS REGRESSION MODEL BETWEEN G AND INFLUENCING FACTORS 24 TABLE 4.4: ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE PRICE UNIT AND AMOUNT OF MONEY 25 TABLE 4.5: ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE PRICE UNIT AND AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT PROPOSE PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF HAI PHONG CITY APPROVES 26 TABLE 4.6: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF MONEY FOR ALLOCATION AND THE AMOUNT OF MONEY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE IN 10 LOCATIONS 28 TABLE 4.7: 22 LOCATIONS CLUSTERING BY AMOUNT OF MONEY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LEASE 29 Part I Introduction 1.1 Problem statement Environmental service development is a promising orientation to link conservation with developing and enhancing the value of ecosystems Nowadays, environmental service is a factor to regulate relationships and share interests between stakeholders; in which forest and marine environmental lease activities for ecotourism business are concerned in many places, particularly in special use forests such as Cat Ba National Park Cat Ba National Park has a rich, attractive and unique ecotourism resource with the harmony of the natural scenes as: forests and sea, mountains and caves, canyon lands and valleys, limestone islands and slough, tides and corals, golden sunlight and sands, Cat Ba langur, Nageia fleuryi populations and lakes in the mountains…Cat Ba National Park is also located in the focal economic triangle area of the North: Hanoi- Hai Phong- Quang Ninh, and it belongs to the Ha Long bay- World Natural Heritage area With these attractions and advantages, ecotourism provides the opportunity of high economic efficiency and becomes a factor that conserves the environment of Cat Ba National Park However, ecotourism activities in Cat Ba National Park are having difficulties and many shortcomings, namely: - Great potential of developing ecotourism but now the contribution of ecotourism in revenues of Cat Ba National Park is just billion Vnd/year Ecotourism service is poor, simple and does not meet the demands and satisfaction of tourists Surreptitious exploitation of ecotourism resources of local people and businesses to have profits is as well occurring - Lack of resources to meet the ecotourism demand By decision No 2119/QĐUBND on 04/12/2012 of Hai Phong People’s Committees decided about the scheme for ecotourism development in Cat Ba National Park [17]; need for capital source up to 2020 is very large (>300 billions Vnd), the state budget is not able to come up for these costs - No suitable mechanisms or policies in attracting businesses and private companies that invest in environmental lease, such as: undetermined lease size, lease period, severity of the impacts and responsibility to protect, embellish environment and landscape; especially is not determined the price of environmental lease as well as the payment method between the parties This limitation is one of the reasons that makes “socialization” level on forest environmental service payment in Cat Ba National Park slow and less efficient To contribute to solving the above mentioned shortcomings, the study “Some aspects of environmental lease for ecotourism business in Cat Ba National Park, Hai Phong city, Vietnam” has been compiled to clearly determine the location, price to lease and some implications of the study 1.2 Overview 1.2.1 About environmental lease Around the world, the concept of environmental service payment is understood as follows: "a voluntary transaction for a specific environmental service between at least one party to use environmental service and a party that provides environmental service if and only if the party that supplys environmental service has capable of providing the service (in specific conditions) (Wunder, 2005) [21] In Vietnam, there are only concepts about forest environmental services payment are used and institutionalized Until now, there is not a legal framework about environmental service payment for all environmental services without forest environmental services In Vietnam, the concept of environmental service payment is explained different from the international under some angles as follows: First, the government plays a major regulatory role: environmental service payment is considered as a instrument based on market, compulsory to apply for a certain number of conditions are put into the provisions of the Government Secondly, poverty reduction is one of the main objectives of policies about environmental service payment At the Nature Reserve, environmental service payment is offered by Management Board, especially with the support from local communities or individuals The party that use service are businesses with revenues from tourism service and tourists visiting the protected area 1.2.2 Existing methods for determining the price of environmental lease - Law on Forest Protection and Development (2004) [10] has established two fundamental rights for forest owners to engage in forest lease- for lease relations, namely in Table 1.1: Table 1.1: The forest lease objects according to Law on Forest Protection and Development 2004 Forest lease Kinds of lease objects forest Payment Lease purposes of lease Forest protection and development combined forestry- agriculture- fishery Annual productions, landscape business, payment Protection forests Economic ecotourism organizations Special-use forests Forest protection and development are protected combined landscape business, Annual landscape areas ecotourism payment Domestic Forestry production, combined forestry- economic agriculture- fishery productions, Annual landscape- convalescence business, payment organizations, Production forests households, ecotourism individuals 3.The Vietnamese Implementation of investment projects settled in abroad, Production forests in forestry under the provisions of the oversea are planted forests Law on investment, combined forestry - Pay once for the organizations, agriculture – fishery productions, entire foreign landscape- convalescence business, lease individuals ecotourism period or Annual payment Production forests Government regulations are natural forests - Decree No.48/2007/NDD-CP of the Government dated on 28/03/2007 [11] about the principles and methods of determining the price of forest types, has launched three methods to determine the price to use forests (protection forests, special use forests, production forests are natural forests), forest ownership price (production forests are artificial forests): Table 1.2 Method for determining the price of forest types Method for Content Conditions to apply determining the price - Pure income There is enough information to - Interest rates of determine the pure income of forest government bonds owners from the forest area that Income required a determining the price Cost - The investment costs of There is enough information to forest creation determine the investment costs to - The interest rate of “create” forests for forest area under government bonds at the valuation from invest moment to time of valuation valuation moment Comparison of the market Analysis price level 4.3 Environmental lease price unit and amount of money The project has been selected fuzzy regression model between land lease price unit with factors that have important influence Since it has identified parameters of the fuzzy regression model are a, r, s, b, d, g, h and criteria to evaluate model are D, RDS, RDα Overall, all criteria to assess model have smaller values (D = 0.2, RDS = 14.5% and RDα = 5.9%), suggesting that this model has high accuracy (Table 4.3) Environmental lease price is reflected by criteria: the price unit and the lease amount The price unit is determined by the average amount of money for lease of land or water surface within year (VND/ha/year) This amount is determined to lease entire area of a certain location (VND / location / year) Table 4.3: Parameters and criteria to assess regression model between G and influencing factors Parameters of the fuzzy regression model No A r S B D G -16.4402 -1597.54 1633.997 0.008516 0.163346 0.123428 1314.869 -1287.92 7.824705 -457.476 416.3277 0.329837 1307.805 -1202.04 11.19201 -626.715 578.4132 -18.4632 561.7486 -554.082 0.243003 1327.729 -1402.94 H 0.008447 0.164635 Assess model D RDS (%) RDα (%) 0,2 14,5 5,9 From this model, we have identified environmental lease price unit and amount of money (Table 4.4) 24 Table 4.4: Environmental lease price unit and amount of money Amount of Preferential Price unit for lease level for No Location land (millionVnd/ environmental ha/ year) lease money for lease location (millionVnd/ ha/ year) 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The park center: Khe Cau lychee hill Nga Ba lychee hill Nageia fleuryi forest Ms Huyen’s garden house Mr Dam’s lychee hill Lychee garden resort in the 1 2.75-3.5 2.5-2.75 2.33-2.6 1.9-2.23 1.62-1.76 1.85-2.08 11-14 30-33 23.3-26 15.2-17.8 34-37 53-59.7 park center 4.1 4.2 8.1 8.2 Hoi lake area Grassland Grassland Trung Trang cave Ba Cat Bang island Thap Nghieng beach Trong Boi lake area Tai Keo Mr Trong lagoon Van Boi beach area 1.41-1.79 15-19 1 1 1.05-1.2 1.04-1.24 5.14-5.63 8.17-10.17 5.32-6.82 14.16-16.26 13.56-16.29 6.41-7.16 21-24 20.7-24.7 29-31.7 25-31 11-14 27.2-31.2 15-18 22.7-25.3 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Nam Cat beach Cat Dua Cat Dua Sa Vat Khoan Tien Duc- Me Go Viet Hai village Ang Noi Ngan island Man Sim Dau Be island Dong Cong island, 1 3 3 3 19.11-19.98 16.5-18.4 6.45-7.12 2.81-3.31 2.2-2.6 0.87-1 4.3-4.9 7.33-8 7.58-8.25 0.97-1.03 1.02-1.12 44.3-46.3 120-133.3 39.7-43.7 25-29 11-13 26-30 22-25 22.5-24.5 23-25 34-36 27.5-29.5 3 0.77-0.82 1.75-1.95 28.5-30 17.5-19.5 mangroves 21 Cai Minh Tu gate 22 Ang Vong 25 We have continued application of methods that have been presented, the study have built Table 4.5 In Table 4.5, the environmental lease price unit and amount of money suitable with practical conditions in Cat Ba National Park Table 4.5: Environmental lease price unit and amount of money that propose People's Committee of Hai Phong city approves Environmental lease price No Location unit Environmental lease ( millionVnd/ha/year) amount of money at Sea surface Land locations (millionVnd/year) The park center: 1.1 Khe Cau lychee hill 1.2 Nga Ba lychee hill 0,2 3.12 2.5 12,5 30,0 1.3 Nageia fleuryi forest 2.6 26,0 1.4 Ms Huyen’s garden house 2,23 17,8 1.5 Mr Dam’s lychee hill 1,62 34,0 2,08 59,7 1,79 19,0 21,0 24,7 31,7 31,0 Lychee garden resort in the park center Hoi lake area 4.1 Grassland 4.2 Trung Trang cave Ba Cat Bang island Thap Nghieng beach 0,5 0,2 1,05 1,24 5,63 10,17 8.1 8.2 Trong Boi lake area Tai Keo Mr Trong lagoon Van Boi beach area 0,2 0,5 0,2 0,5 6,07 16,26 16,29 7,16 12,5 31,2 18,0 25,3 10 11 12 13 14 Nam Cat beach Cat Dua Cat Dua Sa Vat Khoan Tien Duc- Me Go 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 19,98 18,4 7,12 2,81 2,2 46,3 133,3 43,7 25,0 11,0 15 Viet hai village 1,0 30,0 26 16 17 Ang Noi Ngan island 0,2 0,5 4,3 7,33 22,0 22,5 18 19 20 Man Sim Dau Be island Dong Cong island, mangroves 0,5 0,5 0,2 7,58 0,97 1,07 23,0 34,0 28,5 21 Cai Minh Tu gate 0,2 0,77 28,5 22 Áng Vong 1,75 17,5 Thus, land lease price unit in locations ranges from 1.0 (Location No 15 – Viet Hai Village) to 19.98 millionVnd/ha/year (Location No.10- Nam Cat beach) Sea surface belongs the area of 22 locations has lease price unit fluctuates as follows: from 0.2 to 0.5 millionVnd/ha/year This price unit is considered the starting price (floor price) The floor price adjustment will be carried out for a period of 3-5 years Comparison results between the amount of money for allocation and the amount of money for environmental lease in 10 locations listed in Table 4.6 The total amount of environmental lease to develop ecotourism in 22 locations is 859.7 millionVnd/year Compared to 2013, from 2014 onwards (excluding the increasing price factor) the total amount of forest environmental lease in Cat Ba National Park increases 648.5 millionVnd/year (greater than 3.31 times) The analytical results of business activities of Nam Cat island travel company in 2013 showed total revenue was 3.2 billionVnd, total cost was 2.85 billionVnd (including spent 35 millionVnd to pay for allocated location), profit was 350 millionVnd If under the previous regulations, this company must pay for environmental lease by 2% of revenue, the rent will be 64 millionVnd As results in Table 4.5, the amount of money that the company needed to pay for environmental lease will be 46.3 millionVnd/year, higher than 11.3 millionVnd compared with allocated price and is equivalent to 1.47% of revenue in 2013 27 The analytical results of business activities of Cat Dua island travel company in 2013 showed more positive situation, total revenue reached 9.6 billionVnd, total cost was 6.7 billionVnd (including spent 90 millionVnd to pay for allocated location), profit was 2.9 billionVnd Similar to the above case, this company must pay for environmental lease up to 192 millionVnd (2% of revenue) As results in Table 4.5, the amount of money that the company needed to pay for environmental lease will be 133.3 millionVnd, higher than 43.3 millionVnd compared with allocated price and is equivalent to 1.39% of revenue in 2013 Table 4.6: Comparison between the amount of money for allocation and the amount of money for environmental lease in 10 locations Amount of money Amount of money for for allocation No Comparison environmental Location (millionVnd/year) lease (1) (2) : (1) (millionVnd/year) (2) The park center 1a Nageia fleuryi forest 20 26 1,3 11.5 17.8 1,5 35 59.7 1,7 Trung Trang cave area 10 24.7 2,5 Ba Cat bang island 25 31.7 1,3 Tai Keo beach 25 49.2 2,0 Van Boi beach area 20 25.3 1,3 Nam Cat beach 35 46.3 1,3 Cat Dua 90 133.3 1,5 Cat Dua 35 43.7 1,2 1b Ms Huyen’s garden house Lychee garden resort in the park center Thus, the price unit and the amount of money for environmental lease that is defined in thesis basically have high conformity with the real situation 28 The thesis also stipulates calculate unit for environmental lease is location Each location is an integrated unit for leasing environment Amount of money for lease is the amount of money that calculated for whole location The determination of price unit (VND/ha/year) is only a a intermediately technical calculations step Timing of payments is every year, ie annually business must pay all the rent in this year Stable time to apply price unit for environmental lease shall comply with the provisions of Article , - Decree No 142/2005/ND-CP [13] and Clause 6, 7- Article Decree No 121/2010/ND-CP on December 30, 2010 of the Government.[7] 4.4 Classification of environmental lease locations by amount of money for lease As mentioned, each location is a calculate unit for lease, so locations clustering according to the amount of money for lease has certain significance (Table 4.7) For the convenience of clustering, had separated a few key locations (1, 4, 8) into the sublocation Location divided into sub-location: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e corresponding to 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5; Location divided into sub-location: 4a, 4b corresponding to 4.1, 4.2; Location divided into sub-location: 8a, 8b corresponding to 8.1, 8.2 in Table 4.5 Table 4.7: 22 Locations clustering by amount of money for environmental lease Criteria The number Group Notation of locations (millionVnd/year) of locations I ≥ 60 II 30 – 60 10 1b, 15, 6, 8a, 5, 1e, 19, 12, 10, III 20 – 30 10 4a, 16, 17, 18, 4b, 13, 9, 1c, 20, 21 IV < 20 14, 1a, 7, 22, 1d, 8b, As such, environmental lease locations for ecotourism activities divided into four small groups: I, II, III, IV; the amount of money to lease must pay in a year are: Group I is ≥ 60 millionVnd/ year, Group II is from 30 to 60 millionVnd/ year, Group III is from 2030 millionVnd/ year, Group IV is < 20 millionVnd/ year 29 4.5 Implications Now, issues about environmental service development are concerned It has an important role that contributes to creat resources for the management and protection of ecosystems In which, environmental lease is a mechanism for socialization of resources for ecotourism management, conservation and development, contributes for ecosystem values payment This study promotes the link between the lessee and the lessor, solves exist difficulties about capital sources, services, building infrastructure to serve sustainable ecotourism development in Cat Ba National Park With objectives and results has achieved, the study will provide the basis for policy makers to further improve efficiency in resource management and ecotourism 30 Part V Conclusions and recommendations 5.1.Conclusions This study focused on parameters – namely Land area of each location (size of the lease area); Attraction level to tourists; Service diversification level; Convenience level, conditions for reducing transport costs; Connection level with other tourism places and Level of investment attraction for businesses and private – reflect the characteristics, potential, and advantages of the lease area and parameter reflects the “willingness to pay” level for environmental lease to develop ecotourism (preferential level about pricing in environmental lease) From this, the study inferred the 8th factor- is a general indicator reflecting the competitive advantages of each location They are basis to give method for determining price for environmental lease and amount of money for payment that is built entirely in accordance with the provisions of the current documents, based on the results of practical investigation, assessment and in conformity with conditions to develop tourism in the market economy platform today Besides, this study disscussed about current status (location, area) of environmental lease locations and orientations for ecotourism activities The new finding in this study is using “fuzzy regression” method that calculates environmental lease price unit and amount of money at 22 places in Cat Ba National Park also predicts the price of environmental lease for any place in the study area With results have achived, the study has some important implications as following: - About theory: provide more data, information that contribute to supply some important data relating to environmental lease - About practice: propose price bracket for environmental lease, solve exist shortcomings, promote competitive advantages in environmental lease locationss At the same time, creat opportunity to Cat Ba National Park links with local businesses and private, contribute to socialization of ecotourism 31 The study “Some aspects of environmental lease for ecotourism business in Cat Ba National Park, Hai Phong city, Vietnam” mentioned above is appropriately compared with lease, joint ventures and associates of enterprises On the other hand, fee revenues will contribute to increase revenue for Cat Ba National Park and local budgets, support for natural resources conservation, and environmental education, simultaneously reinvesting for tourism from earned funds will promote tourism services in Cat Ba island in general and Cat Ba National Park in particular grow and attract more visitors, which will creat more jobs and income for the local community and contribute to economic development 5.2.Recommendations Environemntal lease must closely link with environmental protection, forest- marine ecosystems and biodiversity conservation This is not only a important solution but also an requirement of ecotourism Some solutions should be implemented as follows: - The thesis also stipulates calculate unit for environmental lease is location Each location is an integrated unit for leasing environment Amount of money for lease is the amount of money that calculated for whole location Each location should not be determined as many parts (easy to calculate) - Price unit in the study is considered the starting price (floor price) The floor price adjustment will be carried out for a period of 3-5 years In practice, it is necessary to use methods of procurement, in which price for environmental lease greater than or equal to floor price - Need to control price for environmentla lease if there is a large variation in the socio-economic situation (as market price, consuming price index, inflation ) - Need to guide visitors comply strictly with the provisions of the National Park and local communities, contributing to the protection of natural values and culture of the region 32 - Protecting and promoting national identity, maintaining typical ecosystems and rare species - Creating more jobs and attracting local community to join in ecotourism services activities, such as participating in guiding tours, providing commodities, souvenir, developing shops to serve ecotourism - Encouraging businesses to contribute on raising the quality of life and improving living environment for the local community, such as building infrastructure, support professional development, planting and caring forests If environmental lease in Cat Ba National Park is performed, this will be an important prerequisite to contribute for good implement perspective about socialization of ecotourism services and linking conservation with development, creating stable jobs and income for local people, raising awareness for visitors and the community, helping natural resources conservation, protect environment better, increasing revenues for the park, contributing to development of tourism services in Cat Ba island and Hai Phong city 33 References [1] Dominic Moran and Institute of Forestry Ecology and Environment (10/2012), “ Ecosystem service valuation and Payment mechanisms applied to Cat Ba National Park” report [2] Do Nam Thang & Dinh Duc Truong (2013), “Ecotourism value quantifying in Cat Ba National Park by using Contingent valuation method” [3] Pham Van Dien et al (2013), the fuzzy regression model [4] Pham Van Dien (4/2014), Scheme “ Forest environmental lease in Cat Ba National Park, Hai Phong city” [5] Tanaka et al (1982); Chang et al (2001), Kao C et al (2003) and Cengiz Kahraman et al(2006), fuzzy regression [6] The Congress (20/ 06/ 2013), Price Law (No 11/2012 / QH13 ), has clearly stated: for lease of land, water surface, forests (including forest environmental lease), need to determine the price rates and price brackets [7] The Government (30/12/ 2010), Clause 6, 7- Article - Decree No 121/2010/ND-CP [8] The Government (06/07/2007), Decision 100/QD-TTg [9] The Government (01/06/2012), Decision No 24/2012/QD-TTg, about encouraging all economic sectors to invest in developing eco-tourism in the special use forest, based on comply with the approved plans and provisions of the Law on Enterprises and Law on Forest Protection and Development [10] The Government (03/12/2004), Law on Forest Protection and Development, has established two fundamental rights for forest owners to engage in forest lease – for lease relations [11] The Government (28/03/2007), Decree No 48/2007/NDD-CP, about the principles and methods of determining the price of forest types 34 [12] The Government (10/09/2002), Document No.1248/CP-NN on approving the project "Piloting in using of special-use forest environment for service business and vocational guidance education in Ba Vi National Park "; [13] The Government (14/11/2005), Decree No.142/2005/ND-CP, regulated that: the water surface was not within the scope that specified Article 13 of the 2003 Land Law, the price bracket for leasing is defined as: a) The project uses a fixed water surface: from 10,000,000 to 100,000,000 VND / km / year (equivalent to 100,000 to 1,000,000 VND / / year) b) The project use a not fixed water surface: from 50,000,000 to 250,000,000/ km / year (equivalent to 500,000 to 2.5 million / year) The unit price for leasing the water surface of each project stably for years Expiration of stability, President of the Provincial People's Committee adjusted the unit price for lease of the water surface applicable to the subsequent period [14] The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (06/11/2006), Circular 99/2006/TT-BNN, about guiding a number of articles of the Regulation on special use forests management to apply in the environmental lease contracts, serve for ecotourism services as sightseeing, relaxation, science research [15] The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (09/12/2002), Decision No 5561 / QD-BNN-KL, on of approving scheme about Piloting in using of special-use forest environment for ecotorism development and vocational guidance education in Ba Vi National Park” [16] The Ministry of Finance (30/12/2005 ), Circular 120/2005/TT-BTC [17] The President of Hai Phong People's Committee (04/12/2012), Decision No 2119/QD-UBND, about approving the Scheme on ecotourism development in Cat Ba National Park [18] The President of Hai Phong People's Committee (2012), Decision No.1572/QDUBND, about the planning of Hai Phong city 35 [19] The President of Hai Phong People's Committee (2012), scheme “Cat Ba National Park Ecotourism Development period 2012-2020” [20] The Prime Minister (14/08/2006), Decision 186/2006/QD-TTg, on of about promulgating the Regulation on special use forests management [21] Wunder, Sven (2005), “Payments for environmental services: basic knowledge”, CIFOR Occasional Paper ( No 42) Link : http://www.cifor.org/pes/publications/pdf_files/OP-42.pdf 36 Appendix (*) Table 01: The total number of tourists to Cat Ba National Park 2003-2013 Tourists visit both the forest and Tourists visit the forest route Tourists visit Cat Ba by the sea route sea routes Year Vietnam International Total Vietnam International Total Vietnam International Total 2003 10.512 5.765 16.277 14.670 14.235 28.905 25.182 20.000 45.182 2004 10.768 6.884 17.652 16.202 16.089 32.291 26.970 22.973 49.943 2005 11.896 7.446 19.342 23.204 14.608 37.812 35.100 22.054 57.154 2006 13.520 8.103 21.623 25.510 16.905 42.415 39.030 25.008 64.038 2007 16818 8.971 25.789 28.047 20.929 48.976 44.865 29.900 74.765 2008 16.823 9.764 26.587 29.075 21.236 50.311 45.898 31.000 76.898 2009 19.154 10.121 29.635 46.860 23.879 70.739 66.014 34.000 90.014 2010 20.919 10.459 31.378 34.144 29.541 63.685 55.063 40.000 95.063 2011 23.504 11.752 35.256 28.496 26.117 54.613 52.000 37.869 89.869 2012 24.967 15.676 40.063 61.252 39.424 100.676 86.219 55.100 141.319 44.692 62.184 2013 30.756 13.926 38.174 (Source: Cat Ba National Park, 2013) 37 100.358 92.94 52.100 144.194 (**) Table 02: Total revenues from ecotourism services in 2010-2013 (under management of Cat Ba National Park) Revenues through the years (1000Vnd) No Collected categories 2010 2011 2012 2013 Revenue from the Park tickets 708.587 700.000 1.335.588 1.481.211 Tourists guidance 13.000 15.000 43.360 65.000 Locations lease for tourism, joint ventures 110.000 200.000 135.000 280.000 Revenue from hotels / motels / 19.000 10.000 10.210 25.000 80.000 80.000 80.000 95.000 accommodation establishments (under Revenues from management of restaurants, the Park) canteens (under the management of the Park) Total revenue 930.587 1.005.000 1.604.158 1.946.211 38