Assessing the role of non timber forest products in developing household economy of tan binh commune in ben en national park

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL FORESTRY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENT THESIS Title ASSESSING THE ROLE OF NON- TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN DEVELOPING HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY OF TAN BINH COMMUNE IN BEN EN NATIONAL PARK Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Dang Thi Thao Student ID:1253090030 Class: K57 Natural Resources Management Course: 2012 - 2016 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Dr Tran Viet Ha Hanoi, 10 / 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To complete this study, apart from my own efforts, I also receive a lot of guidance and help from my teachers, organizations and individuals Firstly, I would like to give thanks to my supervisor: Dr Tran Viet Ha, who has taught me many precious knowledge and experiences throughout my learning and researching process and implementing this thesis I would like to express my gratitude to Prof Lee MacDonald for finding out the time to check and give advises to my proposal Secondly, I want to sincerely thank the Board of Directors of Ben En NP, Ben En Forest Protection Department, Xuan Ly Forest Protection Station , Leaders and Citizens of Tan Binh commune - where my study deploy, who created favorable conditions for during my data gathering and investigation process Finally, I want to say thanks my parents, thanks for supporting me a lot during the learning process and the implementation this thesis in Ben En NP I sincerely thank you! ABSTRACT Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) play an important role in rural livelihoods People living in and around forests are dependent on a variety of NTFPs for their subsistence and income generation This thesis gives a general overview on the diversity and the role of NTFPs for households living in core zone of Ben En NP Focus on villages of Tan Binh commune to propose some solution to sustainable management NTFPs The main method that we used for collecting data is PRA The results of this study indicated that NTFPs play an important role to households located in study area NTFPs bring up a lot of benefits to people such as medicine, food and handcraft Therefore, this study has proposed some solutions to managing, protecting and developing the sources of NTFPs in Ben En NP more effectively and sustainability TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABBREVIATION CHAPTER INTRODUCTION CHAPTER GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2.1 Goal 2.2 Objectives CHAPTER STUDY AREA CHARACTERISTIC CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 4.1 PRA method 4.2 S.W.O.T method 4.3 Data analysis method CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10 5.1 The status of NTFPs resources in villages located in core zone in Ben En NP 10 5.1.1 Classify based on use value of NTFPs 10 5.1.2 Used and exploitation NTFPs in study area 12 5.2 NTFPs market in study area 14 5.2.1 NTFPs consumption 14 5.2.2 NTFPs market demand 17 5.3 Assessment of NTFPs market potential 19 5.4 The role of NTFPs in households 20 5.5 NTFPs cultivation in villages of Tan Binh commune in core zone of Ben En NP 22 5.6 S.W.O.T analysis in the sustainable management of NTFPs in Ben En NP and assessment of NTFPs market potential 24 5.7 Solution 27 CHAPTER CONCLUSION, SHORTCOMINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 28 6.1 Conclusion 28 6.2 Shortcomings 28 6.3 Recommendations 29 REFERENCES APPENDIX LIST OF TABLES Table 5.1 List of NTFPs groups exploited and used in villages of study area 10 Table 5.2 NTFPs exploitation and use status in villages of study area 12 Table 5.3 Market consumption and price of some non-timber species in villages in study site 18 Table 5.4 S.W.O.T analysis of market demand of NTFPs in Tan Binh commune 19 Table 5.5 Statistics on the cultivation of NTFPs species in villages in the study area 23 Table 5.6 The strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats in the sustainable management of NTFPs in Ben En NP 24 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Map of Ben En NP Figure 5.1 Map of medicinal plant market 15 Figure 5.2 Map of Ornamental plants market 16 Figure 5.3 Map of Plant foods market 17 Figure 5.4 The income proportion of poor household group 21 Figure 5.5: The income proportion of near-poor households group 21 Figure 5.6 The income proportion of rich households group 22 ABBREVIATION NP: National Park NTFPs: Non-timber Forest Products PRA: Rapid Rural Appraisal S.W.O.T: Strengths – Weakness - Opportunities – Threats CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Non- timber forest products (NTFPs) not only play an important role in biodiversity of forest but also in economic development of people, who live nearby forest NTFPs bring a lot of benefit to them such as: food, medicine, income etc In the international conference “The role of non- timber forest products in poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation “was held on 11 and June 13, 2005 in Hanoi, this international conference pointed out that 60 million people around the world live depend on forest, in which are mainly in poor countries such as Latin America, West Africa and Southeast Asia As in 2010 in Vietnam, the forest is home of nearly 25 million people, in which there are about 13 million ethnic minorities, accounting for about 14% of the national population In Vietnam, there are many researches on the role and current status of NTFPs, these researches was interested scientists since 1997 There were some typical researches that could be noteworthy below: In 1997, Pham Xuan Hoan was studied the botanical classification of NTFPs at Phia Đen- Nguyen Binh, Cao Bang province follow intended use The author assessing the situation NTFPs exploit plant is best suitable conducted by local people and provide operators assess the situation as well as some suggestions for sustainable development of plant resources NTFPs According to Hoang Hoe (1998), NTFPs resources in our country very huge, there are many species with high economic value in which the number of medicinal plants accounting for 22% of Vietnam plant species, there are over 500 species of plants for oil (accounting for 7.14% of total species) and there are over 600 species for tannins and lots of other species, lubricants, fatty oils, plants Besides, rattan, bamboo (at present, the total of bamboo area of our country is 1.492 million ha, with about 4.1818 billion trees) bamboo is not only the traditional construction materials but also create incredibly beautiful product, in addition capable of bringing the export of high values Le Quy Nguu, Tran Nhu Duc (1998) has focused on a description of the technical and processing harvest remedies made from plants including plant NTFPs Besides that, Ninh Khac Ban (2003) initially studied NTFP resources in natural vegetation due to overexploitation as one of the signs inform about the situation we are most threatened He said they should be preserved in-situ and ex-situ conservation plan genetic resources in home gardens or on farms in the direction of sustainable use in order to reduce pressure on wild resources, contributing to conservation Biodiversity In parallel with these studies, some programs being implemented such as The research project local market for timber products in the north of Thailand by the department of agriculture and rural development in the northern state implementation; The project studied a number of socio-economic issues and the role of the woman for processing of rattan, bamboo forest by scientific institutes Vietnam implemented from 1993 to 1995; Specialty reforestation project (integrated in the program of million hectares) We can see that the development programs and research in the country have expressed interest in NTFPs plant However, the study of plant NTFPs in Vietnam lacks depth Thus, while there have been many studies, programs and projects carried out in many places, but rather there is nowhere really to promote the role of higher plant NTFPs especially studies about role of non- timber forest products in developing household economy Ben En NP was established in 1992 by decision of the government, location in Nhu Thanh and Nhu Xuan district, Thanh Hoa Province, Ben En not only famous with many beautiful natural landscapes but also famous with diverse fauna and flora ecosystems, representing lowland ecosystems in North Central Vietnam Ben En NP is the destination of the scientific research, besides, since Ben En NP was established many forest resources and Appendix List of NTFPs species that 30 household usually exploit and use N o Vietnamese name Sấu Scientific name Dracontomelon Forest duperreanum edges Vông Abelmoschus vang moschatus Lá lốt Piper lolot Cây chay Artocarpus tonkinensis 10 14 15 edges Forest Forest trắng album (Lour.) edges Chè vằng subtriplinerve Đinh hương Cà độc dược Địa lan Syzygium aromaticum Datura metel L Cymbidium hybrid Hoàng Cupressus đằng tonkinensis Fallopia multiflora Chaenmoeles 12 Hải đường lagenaria Đỗ quyên 13 Rhododendron hoa trắng 11 Forest Canarium Blume Forest Trám Jasminum Location Hà thủ ô đỏ Thiên niên Homalomena kiện Lá khôi amoraticae Ardisia silvestris Plant parts exploitation Exploitation and use frequency High Medium Low Fruits x Seeds Leaves Forest Leaves Forest x x x flower Forest x x Forest Forest x Fruits branches Forest x x forest Forest Medium Low x Stem, Forest High Fruits Protection Forest Availability Whole plant x x x x x x Stem, Whole plant Whole plant Stem, roots Leaves x x roots Tubers x x x x x x x x x x x x 16 Măng tre Dendrocalamus Forest bát độ latiflorus Munro edges Calamus tetradactylus Under forest canopy Stem x x Forest Stem x x 17 Mây nếp 18 Tre gai 19 Nứa 20 21 Quế tích lan Gừng Bambusa bambos Schizostachyum Hill, Tubers x x Stem x x Forest Bark x x Zingiber Forest Leaves, officinale edges Tubers Forest Seeds Forest Fruits x x Forest Stem x x Forest Tubers x x Forest Bark aciculare Roadside Cinnamomum verum x x x x Michelia 22 Giổi xanh mediocris Dandy Ké đầu Xanthium 23 ngựa 24 25 26 27 28 29 Bình vơi Ba kích Chị nhựa Xoan ta Thầu dầu Gấc strumarium Stephania rotunda Morinda officinalis Dipterocarpus retusus Melia Forest azedarach L edges Ricinus Forest communis L edges Momordica Forest cochinchinensis edges Stem x x x Seed Fruit x x x x x aleurites 30 Trẩu montana (lour.) Wils Total Forest Seed x x Appendix The proportion of income of 30 household interviewed Group of No Name Income proportion from household different sources (%) Farming, Logging NTFPs Others livestock Poor Bui Thi Soi 45 21 30 Le Van Duc 39 18 30 13 Nguyen Van 46 17 27 10 Giang Nguyen Duc Long 40 20 25 15 Le Thi Nguyet 35 25 28 12 Le Vu Lan 39 15 26 20 Nguyen Duc Huy 33 16 32 19 Nguyen Van Quan 46 19 30 Nguyen Thi Loan 38 17 28 19 10 Le Duc Hung 49 12 24 15 41 18 28 13 50 17 17 16 Average Near-poor 11 Nguyen Thi Tuyen 12 Bui Thi Dung 39 20 32 13 Le Huu Dinh 47 21 30 14 Phung Van Quyet 34 18 37 11 15 Nguyen Thi Thu 40 19 26 15 16 Nguyen Thi Trang 36 17 27 20 17 Nguyen Huu Tho 41 17 24 18 18 Pham Van Tai 47 16 22 15 19 Le Thi Hoi 40 19 24 17 20 Le Thi Thu 46 16 31 42 18 27 13 Average Rich 21 Le Van Viet 44 16 14 26 22 Pham Van Duc 45 17 13 25 23 NguyenThi Huong 42 20 16 22 24 Pham Thi Quyen 41 19 20 20 25 Nguyen Thi Sen 46 22 19 13 26 Le Duc Dung 49 15 22 14 27 Phung Van Dien 43 21 21 15 28 Luong Thi Tuyet 49 18 16 17 29 LeVan Du 44 17 18 21 30 Nguyen Van Long 47 15 11 27 45 18 17 20 Average Appendix Criteria of households classification Classification Rich household criteria Near-poor Poor household household House Highrise building permanent houses Cottage Land >8 pole 5-8 pole < pole 1-2 motorbike (>22 1-2 motorbike (10- bike, motorbike million) 18 million) (3-5 million) Television, gas Television and stove other tools Vehicle Television, washing Toiletries machine, refrigerator Income/ household >5 million/ month – million/ month < million/ month Appendix List of officers interviewed No Full name Regency Le Dinh Phuong Bui Van Sy Le Van Thai Luong Van Tap Head station of Xuan Ly forest station Tran Van Nghia Ranger Nguyen Van Thang Vuong Van Tap Vice director of Ben En NP Head of department of Ben En international scientific cooperation Legal department NP Local president of Tan Binh Commune Head of Rooc Nai village Appendix Questionnaire household interviews: “Assessing the role of non- timber forest products in developing household economy of Tan Binh commune in core zone of Ben En NP” Appendix 5.1: Information about responded and collect the information of NTFPs Name: Date: Settlement name: settlement type: Population size: Sex: Male/ Female age: Location: Current occupation: Previous occupation: Name of HH head: Number of family: Male? Female? Whether they are literate or not: What are your sources of money? a Labor/ working b Business c Agriculture d Services e Medicinal plants collection and trade f Others religion: What forest products you collect/ use: a Jelutong (pantone) Y N b Rattan Y N c Gemur Y N d Honey Y N e Parrots Y N f Fish Y N g Fruit Y N h Pigs Y N i Other animals, if so what Y N j Medicinal species Y N k Timber (not for trade) Y N l Other Market: Who is it collected for: a Own use b Individual sale c Sale to business d Other Is it then sold a Locally b In Java c Internationally d Other e Don’t know How much you sell if for (per kilo?)… a At present b Last year c 1996 ( pre crash) What was the best price worst price a So far this year ………… ………… b 2001 ………… ………… c Since starting ………… ………… On a scale of to 10 how you feel the demand has changed since 1997 ( = stayed the same, declined, 10 improved) 10 Seasonality (Do seasonal calendar) 10 How many days a year you spend harvesting the product a 1-2 weeks b 3-4 weeks c 1-3 months d 6- months e Other time 11 Which months is this in J F M A M J J A S O N D why? 12 How does the west season affect the activity? 13 What % does this activity contribute to your annual income? 14 Is it your only job 15 What other job you have? Y N Harvesting and collection Do you collect NTFPs from forest? Yes or No Can you give me the name of product besides timber, fuel wood and fodder? Which is forest you are traditionally using fulfill the basic products? If you collect NFTPs, give the information to me: Species Part used Uses Amount / Time of Frequency of season collection/ season collection remarks Do you have NTFPs on your land? Yes or No If yes, how much? How harvesting and collection of NFTPs are carried out? Are their sufficient NTFPs in the forest? Give Yes or No Why you collect NTFPs? a Personal use/ household level consumption b Sale purpose c Others 10 Are there any indigenous management system for NTFPs harvesting and collection Wheather it is Yes or No 11 If yes, what are those management systems? 12 Do you collect NTFPs from Ben En NP if yes what amount 13 All user collect NTFPs in individual basic? 14 If yes, why? a Livelihood problem b Illiterate c conflict 16 Where did you learn the trade a Family (which member) b Friends c Employer d Other 17 On average what quantity you extract per week 18 What was the total quantity taken a In 2001 b When you started 19 How many years have you done this activity 20 Over this time has the annual yield a Declined b Stayed the same c Increased 21 Why you think this ( market, harder to find, other) ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… 22 Please describe how you harvest the product 23 How many people you work with 24 Are you aware of other collectors in the area: Y N If yes, how many What they collect? 25 Is the Ben En NP the only area you collect in? 26 Do you know important this area is compared to other areas? 27 How you remove the product from forest a Walk b On the cow c Car d Other 28 How much you spend to extract the product on a Transport b Equipment c Other 29 Do you feel that this product will be available in another 10 years at present yield: Yes No why? Fish 30 What species you collect 31 Please rank these in order of quantity taken a At present b 2001 c 1996 d Other 32 Please rank these in order of scale price a At present b 2001 c 1996 d Other 33 Since starting has total annual yield a Increase b Decrease c Stayed the same 34 Why you think this is …………………………… 35 Has there been a decrease in individual fish size within different species since starting Plant species: 36 What is part of plant you taken to use: a Root b Branches c Leaf d Other 37 What is purpose when you collect them? 38 What is it use value? a Medicine b Food c Other Animals/ birds: 39 How you decide which species to hunt? a Opportunistic b To order c Other 40 Which species have you collected since last July/ August? 41 How has the quantity of each mammal changed over this time? 42 What is it used for? a Meat b Own use c Medicine d Other Appendix 5.2: Interviewing with district forest staffs Please, tell me the price of NTFPs Do the local people collect in individual basis? If no, why? If yes, what are the prices of NTFPs? Above price are satisfactory? Yes / No If no, how much price you expect? Do you have storage facilities? Yes/ No Where and when sell the NTFPs? Tell me, sufficient store or not? How much NTFP you sell? To whom you sell? a Village traders b Road head traders c Local processing unit 10 What is the mode of selling of NTFPs? a Auction b Direct sell c Others 11 What type of strategy are you adopting to promote the sale of NTFPs? 12 In your think, how can you improve the Marketing of NTFP at local level? 13 Please tell me the strategy adopting to promote the sale of NTFPs a Personal contact b Advertisement c Commission to middlemen d Notice of bidding 14 Is there any institution that you have made agreement? 15 If yes, tell me the institution 16 Are there any conflict regarding marketing? 17 Do you suggest anything to solve the problems? Appendix Some photos from field trip (Source: Dang Thi Thao-2016)