Assessment of the diversity of reptile and amphibian in cat ba national park, hai phong, vietnam

(al, 2011) MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS ASSESSMENT OF THE DIVERSITY OF REPTILE AND AMPHIBIAN IN CAT BA NATIONAL PARK, HAI PHONG, VIETNAM Major: Natural Resources Management (Advanced Curriculum) Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Advanced Education Program Developed in Collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Student: Le Viet Student ID: 1253060857 Class: K57-Natural Resources Management Course: 2012 – 2016 Supervisor: Dr Dong Thanh Hai Hanoi, October 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis cannot become a reality without kind support and helps of many individuals, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to: The heads of Vietnam National University of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Management provided opportunity, essential conditions for me to finish this research I am grateful to my supervisor, Dr Dong Thanh Hai, whose expertise, understanding, generous guidance and continuous support made it possible for me to work on a topic that I chose It was my pleasure being his student I would like to express my gratitude to Prof Lee MacDonald for spending the time to check and give advises to my proposal I would like to express the deepest appreciation to the heads, officers of Cat Ba National park, local people there for providing me useful information and kind consideration and help Despite spending the best efforts in the thesis conducting process, this research still has many shortcomings due to the limitations of time, finance and my ability I am looking forward to receiving comments from teachers, friends to a better thesis completion Thank you! Hanoi, September 2016 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to provide the checklist of species of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba National Park, Haiphong, Vietnam as well as the distribution, the diversity of them in such habitats as artificial forest, natural forest, Mixed area of artificial forest and natural forest, shrub grassland A total of 80 species of reptile and amphibian was recoreded within survey during July 2016 in study site: 55 species of reptile and 25 species of amphibian Three main methods that were used for collecting data are interview, line transect survey, pitfall-trap The basic data analysis indicated that reptiles and amphibians, an important part of wildlife in Cat Ba National Park, are bringing up a lot of values to people like food, medical values Therefore, they have been hunted for different personal purposes in many various ways, especially hunting Furthermore, the living habitat of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba National Park also have been threatened by main threats: Pet trade and overexploitation; Habitat loss and fragmentation; Environment pollution Thence, it is very necessary to find the solutions out in order to solve these problems The study have recommended solutions in terms of minimizing the threats, managing, protecting and developing the sources of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba National Park more effectively and sustainability TABLE OF CONTENTS ACNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABBREVIATION CHAPTER INTRODUCTION CHAPTER GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 2.1 Goal 2.2 Objectives CHAPTER STUDY SITE 3.1 Geo-location 3.2 Climate and hydrology 3.3 Topography 3.4 Geology and geomorphology 3.4.1 Geologic characteristics 3.4.2 Soils 3.5 Fauna and Flora 3.5.1 Fauna 3.5.2 Flora 3.6 Economy-Society 3.6.1 Population and employ 3.6.2 Livelihood CHAPTER METHODS 10 4.1 Secondary document 10 4.2 Collecting data methods 10 4.2.1 Interview method 10 4.2.2 Line transect survey 11 4.2.3 Pitfall-Trap 13 4.3 Data analysis 13 CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 15 5.1 The composition of reptile and amphibian in Cat Ba National Park 15 5.1.1 The results of investigation 15 5.1.2 Assessment of taxon diversity 17 5.2 The distribution of reptiles and amphibians by habitats 18 5.3 Conservation value of reptiles and amphibians 22 5.4 Threats to reptiles and amphibians at Cat Ba National Park 23 5.4.1 Pet trade and overexploitation 23 5.4.2 Habitat loss and fragmentation 24 5.4.3 Environment pollution 25 5.4.4 Threats ranking 26 5.6 Proposing solutions for protection and sustainable development of reptile and amphibian resources in Cat Ba NP 26 5.6.1 Solution to minimize threats to reptile and amphibian 26 5.6.2 Solutions for technique 27 5.6.3 Solutions for socio-economic 28 CHAPTER CONCLUSION, CONSTRANTS AND RECOMMENDATION 29 6.1 Conclusion 29 6.1.1 Species composition 29 6.1.2 Species distribution 29 6.1.3 Conservation value of reptiles and amphibians in Cat Ba National Park 29 6.1.4 Threats to reptiles and amphibians 29 6.1.5 Proposing solutions for protection and sustainable development of reptile and amphibian resources in Cat Ba NP 29 6.2 Constrants 30 6.3 Recommendation 30 REFERENCES LIST OF TABLES Table 5.1 Species diversity of reptile and amphibian in Cat Ba National Park 15 Table 5.2 The diversity of reptiles and amphibians species by habitats 20 Table 5.3 Conservation value of reptiles and amphibians 22 Table 5.4 Rank of threats to reptile and amphibian resource in Cat Ba NP 26 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1 Line transects for collecting data in Cat Ba National Park 12 Figure 5.1 Reptile and amphibian species recorded from sources of information in Cat Ba National Park 16 Figure 5.2 The diversity of reptiles in Cat Ba National Park 17 Figure 5.3 The diversity of amphibians in Cat Ba National Park 18 Figure 5.4 The number of species detected in each habitat 19 Figure 5.5 Hunter with equipments they use for hunting reptile and amphibian (Source: Le Viet, 2016) 24 Figure 5.6 Wastes the tourist put into forest (Source: Le Viet, 2016) 25 ABBREVIATION NP: National Park IUCN: The International Union for Conservation of Nature CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species NTFP: Non-timber Forest Product CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Vietnam has an abundant of animal resources with high endemism This is a big advantage in strategies of protecting and developing biodiversity in our country This resource brought us benefit in many aspects of live Previously, rainforest wildlife are one supply of food and rare pharmaceuticals Besides, many products from wildlife animal were used to produce craft items which are very popular Another important role of wildlife is in science and medicine Some animals are extremely rare resources in understanding the principles, biomechanics, physiology to serve the prevention and medical care for people Wildlife animal resources, especially gene bank is very precious, is the origin of current domestic animals, along with the balancing factor of current ecosystem Reptile and amphibian are other valuable resources beside birds, mammals and fishes In natural ecosystem as well as humanity ecosystem of our nation, reptile and amphibian play an important role in social A serious problem now is the wildlife animal sources in general and the reptiles, resources in particular are endangered of decreasing sharply A lot of species are becoming rarely, or special rarely, some species are threatened of becoming extincted The main reason that leads to this situation is the over-exploited that made the area of forest soil decrease and some species are lost their habitat The illegal hunting with the inefficient management of functional agencies also need to be cared and adjusted Red data list is the inventory of the global conservation status of all biological species, which is abbreviated to IUCN ( International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) The levels of extinction risk in Vietnam red data book are similar to those in IUCN Red list Up to now, the list has evaluated over 79,800 species that may come to extinction according to categories Appendix Questionaire of human impacts to reptile and amphibian resources Ghi chép tác động người / Impacts from human Địa điểm điều tra (Location): Ngày (Date): Thời gian bắt đầu (Starting time): Thời gian kết thúc (Ending time): Sinh cảnh (Habitat): Điểm bắt đầu (Starting point): Điểm kết thúc (Starting point): Người điều tra (Investigator): Hoạt động/Activities (5) Khai thác gỗ lâm sản gỗ/ (1) Săn bắt/Hunting Wood and Non-timber forest product (2) Lều,Trại (săn bắt, khai thác gỗ)/Camp, exploitation tents (hunting/wood exploitation) (6) Chăn thả gia súc/Grazing cattle (3) Nương rẫy/Burnt-over land (7) Những hoạt động khác/Others (4) Hoạt động du lịch/Tourism Tọa độ TT/No Thời gian Hoạt động (Time) (Activities) Ghi GPS (Note) (GPS Coordinate) 38 Appendix Results of species composition No Order - Family - Species Vietnamese name- Specific name Common name 10 11 12 13 I Bộ có vảy Squamata Họ tắc kè Gekkonidae Tắc kè (Gecko) Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) Tắc kè trung quốc (Chinese Gecko) Thạch sùng mí cát bà (Cat Ba Leopard Gecko) Thạch sùng đuôi sần (Common house gecko) (ZIEGLER, TRUONG, SCHMITZ, x x x x x x Hemydactylus frennatus (SCHLEGEL IN DUMÉRIL & BIB RON, 1836) Agamidae Acanthosaura lepidogaster (CUVIER, 1829) Nhông vẩy nhỏ Calotes microlepis (Small-scaled forest agamind) (BOULENGER, 1888) Rồng đất (Green Water Dragon) x I-S-D STENKE & RƯSLER, 2008) Họ nhơng Flying Lizard) P-T Goniurosaurus catbaensis Hemidaetylus bowringi Thằn lằn bay đốm (Two-spotted L-T-S Gekko chinensis (Gray, 1842) Thạch sùng bao rin Ô rô vảy Source x x x x Draco maculatus (GRAY, 1845) x Physignathus cocincinus x (CUVIER, 1829) Họ thằn lằn bóng Scincidae Thằn lằn baorin (Bowring’s Riopa bowringiis Supple Skink) (Günther 1864) Thằn lằn ligo chi ngắn (Short- Lygosoma quadrupes limbed Supple Skink) (GÜNTHER, 1864) Th.lằn bóng dài (Beautiful Mabuya longicaudata Mabuya) (HALLOWELL, 1857) Thằn lằn bóng hoa (Rough Mabuya multifasciata 39 x x x x x x x No Order - Family - Species Vietnamese name- Specific name Common name 14 15 16 17 18 19 Mabuya) (KUHL, 1820) Thằn lằn bóng đốm (Bronze Mabuya macularia (Blyth, Mabuya) 1853) Thằn lằn bóng SaPa (Sapa Mabuya chapaensis Mabuya) (BOURRET 1937) Thằn lằn tốt mã thượng hải Plestiodon elegans (Shanghai Elegant Skink) (BOULENGER, 1887) Thằn lằn tốt mã trung quốc Plestiodon chinensis (Chinese blue-tailed Skink) (GRAY, 1838) Họ Thằn lằn giun Dibamidae Thằn lằn giun bua rê (Bourret’s Dibamus bourreti Blind Skink) (ANGEL, 1935) Họ thằn lằn thực Lacertidae Liu điu (Asian Grass Lizard) Họ kỳ đà 20 21 22 Kỳ đà hoa (Binden Waran) L-T-S P-T I-S-D x x x x x Takydromus sexlineatus (DAUDIN, 1802 x ) Varanidae Varanus salvator (LAURENTI x 1768) Họ rắn giun Typhlopidae Rắn giun thường (Flowerpot Ramphotyphlops braminus Snake) (Daudin, 1803) Họ trăn Boidae Trăn đất (Indian Rock Python) Source x Python molurus (Linnaeus, x 1758) Họ rắn hổ Elapidae 23 Rắn hổ mang (indian Cobra) Naja naja (Laurenti, 1768) 24 Rắn hổ chúa (Desert Cobra) Naja hannah (Cantor, 1836) 25 Rắn cạp nong (Red River Krait) Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider, 1801) 40 x x x x x x Order - Family - Species No Vietnamese name- Specific name Common name 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Rắn cặp nia bắc (Many-banded Krait) L-T-S (BLYTH, 1861 Coral Snake) REINHARDT, 1844) 10 Họ rắn nước Colubridae Rắn sãi thường (Buff Striped Amphiesma stolata Keelback) (LINNAEUS, 1758) Rắn roi thường (Oriental Atheatulla prasina Whipsnake) (BOIE, 1827) Rắn roi mõm nhọn (Long-nosed Aheatula nasuta (LACÉPÈDE, x 1789) x x x x Rắn rào đốm (Many-spotted Cat Boiga multomaculata Snake) (BOIE, 1827) Rắn sọc dưa (Radiated Coelognathus radiata (F BOIE, Ratsnakes) 1827) Rắn leo thường (Common Dendrelaphis pictus Bronze-back) (GMELIN, 1789) Rắn lệch đầu kinh tuyến (Big- Dinodon meridionale tooth Snake) (BOURRET, 1935) Rắn bồng chì nước lợ Enhydris bennetti ( (Bennett’s Mud Snake) Sonnini & Latreille, 1802) Rắn bồng trung quốc (Chinese Enhydrys chinensis (Gray, Mud Snake) 1842) Rắn bồng chì (Rice paddy Enhydrys plumbea (F Boie, Snake) 1827) Wolf Snake) Rắn hổ xiên măt (Mock Cobra) I-S-D ) Calliophis macclellandi (J.T Rắn khuyết đài loan (Mountain P-T Bungarus multicilctus Rắn xe điếu (MacClelland’s Tree Snake) Source x x x x x x x x x Lycodon ruhstrati (FISCHER, 1886) x Pseudoxenodon macrops 41 x x No Order - Family - Species Vietnamese name- Source Specific name Common name L-T-S P-T I-S-D (BLYTH, 1855) 40 Rắn (Indo-chinese Ptyas korros Ratsnake) (SCHLEGEL, 1837) Ptyas mucosus (LINNAEUS, 41 Rắn trâu (Dhaman) 42 Rắn hổ đất nâu ( Psammodyates pulverulentus Rắn hoa cỏ nhỏ (Red-necked Rhabdophis subniatus Keelback) (Schlegel, 1837) Rắn hoa cỏ gáy (Hubei Rhabdophis nuchalis Keelback) (Boulenger, 1891) Rắn rồng cổ đen (Common Sibynophis collaris Many-tooth Snake) (GRAY, 1853) 43 44 45 Rắn nước đốm vàng/ 46 Rắn nước (Yellow-Spotted Keelback) 11 Họ rắn lục 47 48 49 50 51 52 Rắn lục mũi hếch Xenochrophis flavipunctatus (HALLOWELL, 1860) x x x x x x Viperidae Deinaglistrodon acutus x (GÜNTHER, 1888) Viridovipera stejnegeri Tree Viper) (SCHMIDT, 1925) Rắn lục núi (Chinese Mountain Ovophis monticola (GÜNTHER, Pit Viper) 1864) Rắn lục mép trắng (White- Cryptelytrops albolabris (Gray, lipped Tree Viper) 1842) pitviper) x x 1758) Rắn lục xanh (Chinese Green Rắn lục cườm (Brown spotted x x x x x Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Cantor, x x 1839) 12 Họ rắn biển Hydrophiidae Đẻn khoanh đầu vàng Hydrophis cyanocinctus (Annulated Sea Snake) (DAUDIN, 1803) 42 x No Order - Family - Species Vietnamese name- Specific name Common name 53 Đẻn cạp nong (Striped Sea Hydrophis fasciatus Snake) (SCHNEIDER, 1799) II Bộ rùa TESTUDINATA 13.Họ rùa đầm Geoemydidae Rùa sa nhân (Keeled Box 54 L-T-S 14 Họ vích x x Eretmochelys imbricata x (Linnaeus, 1766) Order - Family - Species Common name- Specific name Vietnamese name I-S-D Cheloniidae Đồi mồi No P-T Cuora mouhotii (Gray, 1862) Turtle) 55 Source Bộ khơng I Anura Họ cóc bùn Pelobatidae Cóc mày bùn Cóc rừng (Mountain Igerophrunus galeatus (Bunther, Toad) 1864) Cóc rừng nhỏ (Small Igerophrunus macrotis (Boulengger, Moutain Toad) 1877) Cóc nhà (Asian Common Duttaphrunus melanostictus Toad) (Scheneider, 1799) Họ nhái bén Hylidae Nhái bén nhỏ (Hyla) Hyla simplex (Doettger, 1901) Nhái bén trung quốc P-T I-S-D x (Boulenger,1893) Bufonidae Tree Fog) L-T-S Leptolalax pelodytoides Họ cóc Nhái bén dính (Jerdon’s Source x x x x x x x x Hyla anectans (Jerdon, 1870) x x Hyla chinensis (Günther, 1859) x x 43 x (Chinese Hyla) Họ ếch nhái 10 Chẫu (Guenther’s Frog) Ranidae Hylarana guentheri (Boulenger, 1882) Chàng mẫu sơn (Mao- Hylarana maosonensis (Bourret, son Frog) 1973) Chàng đài bắc (Taipei Hylarana taipehensis (Van Frog) Denburgh, 1990) Chàng hiu 12 Hiu hiu (John’s Frog) Rana johnsii (Smith, 1921) Họ ếch đồng Dicroglossidae 14 15 16 Ngoé (Alpine Cricket Frog) Fejervarya limnocharis (Boie, 1843) Hoplobatrachus rugulosus Edible Frog) (Wiegmann,1835) Frog) x x x x 1858) Ếch đồng (Chinese Ếch nhẽo (Large-headed x Hylarana macrodactyla (Günther, 11 13 x Limnonectes kuhlii (Tschudi, 1838) Cóc nước sần (Green Occidozyga lima (Gravenhorst, Puddle Frog) 1829) x x x x x x x x x x x Cóc nước marten 17 (Round-tongued Floating Occidozyga martensii (Peters,1867) x Frog) 18 19 Chàng anderson Odorana andersonii (Anderson’s Frog) (BOULENGER, 1882) Họ ếch Rhacophoridae Ếch mép trắng Polypedates leucomystax (White-lipped Tree Frog) (Gravenhorst, 1829) Họ nhái bầu 20 21 Ễnh ương (Asian Painted Frog) Nhái bầu but lơ (Butler’s Ricefrog) x x x x x Microhylidae Kaloula pulchra (Blyth, 1855) Microhyla butleri (Boulenger, 1900) 44 x 22 23 24 25 Nhái bầu hây môn (Taiwan Rice Frog) Microhyla heymonsi (Vogt, 1911) Nhái bầu hoa (Ornate Microhyla ornata (Duméril and Narrow-Mouthed Toad) Bibon, 1841) Nhái bầu vân (Beautiful Pygym Frog) Nhái bầu hoa cương Microhyla pulchra (Hallowell, 1861) x x x x x x x Microhyla marmorata (Bain & Truong, 2004) Note: L-T-S: Transect Survey; P-T: Pitfall-Trap; I-S-D:Interview-Specimen-Document 45 x Appendix Results for species observed in habitats No Species house gecko) Snake) Rắn cạp nong (Red River Krait) 12 Rắn roi mõm nhọn (Long-nosed Tree Snake) x x x x x x x x x Rắn roi thường (Oriental x Whipsnake) Rắn sọc dưa (Radiated x Ratsnakes) 14 Rắn (Indo-chinese Ratsnake) x 18 x x x 17 (H4) x Rắn hổ xiên mắt (Mock Cobra) 16 grassland x 13 15 Shrub x x (Beautiful Mabuya) Rắn giun thường (Flowerpot area (H3) x Thằn lằn bóng dài Mabuya) (H2) x Ơ rơ vảy (Brown Pricklenape) Thằn lằn bóng hoa (Rough forest Mixed x Leopard Gecko) Thạch sùng đuôi sần (Common Natural x Thạch sùng mí Cát Bà (Cat Ba Rắn hổ mang (Indian Cobra) 11 forest (H1) Tắc kè (Gecko) 10 Artificial Rắn nước (Yellow-Spotted x Keelback) Rắn lục xanh Chinese Green x Tree Viper) Rắn lục cườm (Brown spotted pitviper) Cóc rừng (Mountain Toad) 46 x x x x x 19 Cóc rừng nhỏ (Small Moutain 20 Cóc nhà (Asian Common Toad) 21 Nhái bén nhỏ (Hyla) 22 23 x Toad) x x x x x x Nhái bén dính (Jerdon’s Tree x x Fog) Nhái bén Trung Quốc (Chinese x Hyla) 24 Chẫu (Guenther’s Frog) x 25 Chàng mẫu sơn (Mao-son Frog) x 26 Ngóe (Alpine Cricket Frog) 27 Ếch đồng (Chinese Edible Frog) x 28 Ếch nhẽo (Large-headed Frog) x 29 30 31 32 33 x x Cóc nước sần (Green Puddle Frog) Ếch mép trắng (White-lipped x x x x x Tree Frog) Ếch ương (Asian Painted Frog) x x x Nhái bầu hoa (Ornate Narrow- x Mouthed Toad) Nhái bầu vân (Beautiful Pygym x Frog) Total 47 18 13 17 Habitat : Artificial forest Starting point : 20.789209 - 106.995413 Ending point : 20.780889 - 107.004774 Length : 2000m Width :10m No Species Amount Thạch sùng đuôi sần (Common house gecko) 2 Thằn lằn bóng hoa (Rough Mabuya) 3 Rắn giun thường (Flowerpot Snake) Rắn cạp nong (Red River Krait) Rắn roi mõm nhọn (Long-nosed Tree Snake) Ngoé (Alpine Cricket Frog) Ễnh ương (Asian Painted Frog) Cóc nhà (Asian Common Toad) Total 25 48 Note Habitat :Natural Forest Starting point :20.794988-106.990565 Ending point :20.804258-107.006539 Length :2000m Width :10m No Species Amount Tắc kè (Gecko) 2 Thạch sùng mí Cát Bà (Cat Ba Leopard Gecko) Ơ rơ vảy (Brown Pricklenape) Thằn lằn bóng dài (Beautiful Mabuya) Thằn lằn bóng hoa (Rough Mabuya) Rắn giun thường (Flowerpot Snake) Rắn hổ mang (Indian Cobra) Rắn roi thường (Oriental Whipsnake) Rắn sọc dưa (Radiated Ratsnakes) 10 Rắn lục xanh (Chinese Green Tree Viper) 11 Rắn lục cườm (Brown spotted pitviper) 12 Cóc rừng (Mountain Toad) 13 Cóc nhà (Asian Common Toad) 12 14 Cóc rừng nhỏ (Small Moutain Toad) 15 Nhái bén nhỏ (Hyla) 16 Ngoé (Alpine Cricket Frog) 17 Ếch mép trắng (White-lipped Tree Frog) 18 Ễnh ương (Asian Painted Frog) Total 61 49 Note Habitat :Mixed area of Artificial forest and Natural forest Starting point : 20.719388-106.995833 Ending point : 20.796874-107.005480 Length :2000m Width :10m No Species Amount Thạch sùng đuôi sần (Common house gecko) Th.lằn bóng dài (Beautiful Mabuya) Thằn lằn bóng hoa (Rough Mabuya) Rắn (Indo-chinese Ratsnake) Rắn nước đốm vàng/ Rắn nước (Yellow-Spotted Keelback) Rắn giun thường (Flowerpot Snake) Rắn hổ xiên măt (Mock Cobra) Rắn lục cườm (Brown spotted pitviper) Cóc rừng (Mountain Toad) 10 Cóc nhà (Asian Common Toad) 11 Nhái bén nhỏ (Hyla) 12 Cóc nước sần (Green Puddle Frog) 13 Ễnh ương (Asian Painted Frog) Total 41 50 Note Habitat :Shrub Grassland Starting point : 20.796550-106.989917 Ending point : 20.812131-106.986045 Length :2000m Width :10m No Species Amount Ơ rơ vảy (Brown Pricklenape) 2 Th.lằn bóng dài (Beautiful Mabuya) Rắn cạp nong (Red River Krait) Cóc rừng (Mountain Toad) Cóc nhà (Asian Common Toad) Nhái bén nhỏ (Hyla) Nhái bén dính (Jerdon’s Tree Fog) Nhái bén trung quốc (Chinese Hyla) Chẫu (Guenther’s Frog) 10 Chàng mẫu sơn (Mao-son Frog) 11 Ngoé (Alpine Cricket Frog) 12 Ếch đồng (Chinese Edible Frog) 13 Ếch nhẽo (Large-headed Frog) 14 Cóc nước sần (Green Puddle Frog) 15 Ễnh ương (Asian Painted Frog) 16 Nhái bầu vân (Beautiful Pygym Frog) 17 Nhái bầu hoa (Ornate Narrow-Mouthed Toad) Total 51 51 Note Appendix Some photos from field data collection 52