Researching to conservation of melientha suavis pierre in xuan son national park phu tho province

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY STUDENT THESIS RESEARCHING TO CONSERVATION OF MELIENTHA SUAVIS PIERRE IN XUAN SON NATIONAL PARK, PHU THO PROVINCE Major: Natural Resources Management (Advanced Curriculum) Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Nguyen Thi Hong Quyen Student ID: 1453090152 Class: K59B Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 - 2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in Collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Vu Quang Nam Hanoi, September 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS i ACRONYMS iii LIST OF FIGURE iv LIST OF TABLE v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi ABSTRACT vii INTRODUCTION GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 2.1 Goal 2.2 Objectives 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Study area 3.2 General research methodology 3.3 Specific investigation methods 3.3.1 Investigation of reconnaissance 3.3.2 Detailed investigation 3.4 Internal processing methods 11 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 12 4.1 Results of morphological, ecological and phenological characteristics of Melientha suavis Pierre species in Xuan Son National Park 12 4.1.1 Morphological characteristics 12 4.1.2 Ecological characteristics 13 4.1.3 Phenological characteristics 13 4.1.4 Distribution of Melientha suavis Pierre 14 i 4.2 Investigation the regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre specie by transect 16 4.3 Indigenous knowledge of local people on the status of planting, exploitation and use of Melientha suavis Pierre specie 17 4.3.1 Planting situation 18 4.3.2 Situation of exploitation and use 22 4.4 Propose sustainable conservation, spread development of the valuable plant Melientha suavis Pierre specie in the community area 26 CONCLUSION 28 REFERENCES 29 APPENDICES 31 7.1 List of Melientha suavis Pierre mature in Xuan Son National Park by transect 31 7.2 List of Melientha suavis Pierre regeneration in Xuan Son National Park by transect36 7.3 Field survey form 40 7.4 Interviewees list of local people in Xuan Son National Park 42 7.5 Photographs of Melientha suavis species in the study area 43 ii ACRONYMS NP National Park UNDP The United Nations Development Program NTFPs Non-timber forest products MARM Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development iii LIST OF FIGURE Figure 3.1 Figure of five transects in Xuan Son National Park Figure 4.1 The percentage of seasonal of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park 19 Figure 4.2 The percentage of planting method of Melientha suavis Pierre 20 Figure 4.3 The percentage of care for Melientha suavis Pierre after planting 21 Figure 4.4 Change in quantity of Melientha suavis Pierre in 2008-2018 23 Figure 4.5 The percentage of time for harvesting per one month of local people 25 iv LIST OF TABLE Table 3.1 Investigation the Melientha suavis Pierre specie characteristics by transect Table 3.2 Investigation natural regeneration along the survey transect Table 3.3 Interviewees list in Xuan Son National Park 10 Table 4.1 Diagram of biological phenomena of phenology phases of Melientha suavis species 14 Table 4.2 Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park 16 Table 4.3 The regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park 17 Table 4.4 The quality and height of regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park 17 Table 4.5 Seasonal of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park 18 Table 4.6 Planting method of Melientha suavis Pierre 20 Table 4.7 Caring for Melientha suavis Pierre after planting 21 Table 4.8 Techniques for exploiting Melientha suavis Pierre of local people in Xuan Son National Park 24 Table 4.9 Time for harvesting per one month of local people 25 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Assoc Prf Dr Vu Quang Nam from College of Forestry Biotechnology, Viet Nam National University of Forestry for his continuous support of my student thesis study and research, for his motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge His guidance helped me in the time of research and writing of this thesis Beside my advisor, I wish to extend my thanks to express my heartfelt gratitude to Prof Dr Lee Macdonald, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, for his guidance, patience, and providing my class with an excellent atmosphere for our research I would also thank to the director, Dr Pham Van Long, vice director, Dr Tran Dang Hung and all of officers in Xuan Son National Park, for their giving information about the local area and culture that helped me a lot in this study I would also thank to all informants, who support me for my interview My research would not have been possible without their helps Lastly, I would like to thank to my family: my parents who always support to me and my friends who helped me in my research vi ABSTRACT Melientha suavis Pierre are used as a daily food by the people as well as bring significant economic value However, Melientha suavis Pierre are endangered species This study intends to documents information on characteristics of Melientha suavis Pierre by local people in Xuan Son National Park and to preserve this value species as the biomedical remedies in the future The open-ended and semi-structured interviews are the methods to document knowledge of 30 local people (21 men and women) in the situation of planting, exploitation and use Resulting from this study showed that a total of 126 species and 84 regenerated species as belonging to transects In addition, local people rely mainly on the experience gained to carry out propagation, care and harvesting methods Thus, the effective is not high and also effect to growth and development of specie The present study highlights important of Melientha suavis Pierre specie by validating their traditional uses High value of this specie can improve local economies by developing plan for conservation, sustainable uses and developments vii INTRODUCTION Melientha suavis Pierre is a wild vegetable used by people for a long time This is not only good food but also very high nutritional value In Vietnam, in addition to Huong Pagoda (formerly Ha Tay, now in Hanoi), vegetable growing is popular in many northern provinces such as Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Bac Kan, Kon Tum, Lam Dong, Be river, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, etc Melientha suavis Pierre is one of the plants that not only enhances biodiversity in the forest ecosystem, but also provides food for human consumption Shoots, leaves, clusters, flowers, young fruit are used to make soup, cooked fruit to eat This specie that make high economic value, the households collected the young buds for sale at an average price of 60,000vnd / kg, and 80,000 / kg of seeds (2017) Besides, this is a specialty plant, medicinal herbs, which help to green the hills, protect the ecological environment It growing scattered under limestone forest canopy, naturally distributed in the research site In recent years, due to overexploitation, the quantity and quality of Melientha suavis Pierre in the wild have been greatly reduced The demand of the market for fresh vegetable sources is increasing, and because of the high income from vegetables, the local people are trying to exploit it in the wild At the same time due to the habitat was destroyed so far the number of individuals remaining in nature is not much, there is a risk of losing the breed Melientha suavis Pierre has been listed in Vietnam Red Book 2007 VU B1 + 2e However, local people only stop at the collection in the wild, no conservation measures, planting for long-term use For those reasons, I come up with a goal for conservation of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province to be my study in order to have some solutions to conservation Melientha suavis Pierre The situation of research and conservation in Xuan Son National Park: In recent years, Xuan Son National Park has coordinated with organizations and individuals to carry out surveys and assess the diversity of the flora here During the implementation, many rare and valuable plant species have been surveyed and found to have economic and conservation value Besides, based on the results of the survey, there are solutions to zoning, protecting and promoting the value of rare and precious plants With the results of the survey in each period, Xuan Son National Park has discovered and added many new plants to the list of plants of the garden as well as the country and the world The results of the 2002 survey included a total of 726 plant species; There were 1217 species in 2005; In 2012 there are 1249 species In particular, in 2013-2014, Xuan Son National Park coordinated with scientists from the Vietnam Nature Museum to investigate the field in combination with the collected specimens and identified two Ginger species complement the list of plants in Vietnam In it, one species belongs to Rieng (Alpinia pholyatha), one species belongs to Sa Nhan (Amomum puiressens) These results have added to the vegetation list of Xuan Son National Park to 1259 species The focus on scientific research is of great importance in the conservation of biodiversity in Xuan Son National Park This will provide the basis for solutions to preserve and promote natural resource values, contributing to propaganda, education and community awareness in forest management and conservation biological species and rare plants In order to create the Xuan Son National Park as a living museum, a place to store plant genetic resources for Vietnam as well as the whole human race In 2004, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) funded 2.4 billion VND for Xuan Son National Park In 2005, the national park management board planted 50 of Melientha suavis Pierre specie and collected tons of ripe fruits (about 140 million VND) and is expected to develop 100 of this specie According to Mr Pham Van Long - Director of Xuan Son National Park: National Park Management Board is continuing to propagate to provide for the people Three models have been propagated in Minh Dai, Tan Son and Dong Son communes APPENDICES 7.1 List of Melientha suavis Pierre mature in Xuan Son National Park by transect Transect 1: Du hamlet to the top of Ten mountain (6 km) No Coordinates (StartingEnding point) Elevation Height Ecosystem (m) (m) Diameter (cm) Status 340 13 Medium 340 13 Medium 400 6.5 13 Medium 550 12.5 Medium 550 10 13 Medium 600 7.5 14.5 Medium 22 Good 22 Good 10 25 Good 15.5 20 Good 12.5 21.5 Good Evergreen closed forest 650 650 650 10 650 11 650 12 650 14 25 Good 700 15 22 Good 700 15 23 Good 700 16 25 Good 700 13 22 Good 17 700 14 21 Good 18 700 12 22 Good 19 700 12 25 Good 20 700 12.5 12 Medium 21 710 15 14.5 Medium 22 750 15 14.5 Medium 23 750 14 15 Medium 24 800 12 15 Medium 25 850 Evergreen closed forest moderate 12 15.5 Medium 26 850 11 15.5 Medium 27 900 14.5 14 Medium 28 900 tropical rainforest mountain 12 13 Medium 13 14 15 16 X1: 492.956 Y1: 2334.966 X2: 495.160 Y2: 2336.033 tropical rainforest 31 Note Transect 2: Lap hamlet to Can mountain (7.5 km) No Coordinates (StartingEnding point) Elevation Height Ecosystem (m) (m) Diameter (cm) Status 400 13 Medium 400 10 16 Medium 450 10.5 16 Medium 470 16 Medium 500 16 Medium 600 13 18 Medium 600 13.5 20 Medium 610 12 22 Good 610 15 25 Good 10 620 15 23.5 Good 11 620 10 14 Medium 12 620 18 27 Good 13 650 18 20 Good 14 650 18 28 Good 650 18 23 Good 680 12 20 Good 680 12 24 Good 700 13 20 Good 700 16 24 Good 20 700 16 22 Good 21 700 18 26.5 Good 22 700 14 20 Good 23 700 12 28 Good 24 720 16 25 Good 25 720 17.5 22.5 Good 26 730 15.5 25.5 Good 27 730 18 28 Good 28 800 10 23 Good 29 850 14 23.5 Good 30 950 13.5 25.5 Medium 31 950 13.5 26 Medium 32 1000 15 22 Good 33 1100 16 14.5 Medium 15 16 17 18 19 X1: 487.008 Y1: 2339.164 X2: 491.610 Y2: 2342.849 Evergreen closed forest tropical rainforest Tropical evergreen closed forest on limestone karst 32 Note Transect 3: Ben Than hamlet to Can mountain (5 km) No Coordinates (StartingEnding point) Elevation Heigh Ecosystem (m) t (m) Diameter (cm) Status 500 13 Medium 500 12 14 Medium 520 13 13 Medium 550 13.5 14.5 Medium 550 6.5 13 Medium 570 14 17 Medium 14 15.5 Medium 14.5 23 Good 15.5 25 Good 15.5 25 Good 650 16 25 Good 650 17 28.5 Good 680 17 20 Good 700 10.5 22 Good 15 700 17 23.5 Good 16 700 13 25 Good 17 700 15 28 Good 18 710 17 22 Good 19 750 Tropical 17 22 Good 20 800 evergreen 18 25 Good 21 870 closed 20 24 Good 22 900 forest on 12 16 Medium 23 940 limestone 13 16 Medium 24 1000 karst 12.5 15.5 Medium 25 1100 12.5 14.5 Medium 610 610 650 10 650 11 12 13 14 X1: 484.495 Y1: 2337.095 X2: 493.548 Y2: 2339.502 Evergreen closed forest tropical rainforest 33 Note Transect 4: Ben Than hamlet to Bang mountain (4 km) No Coordinates (StartingEnding point) Elevation Height Ecosystem (m) (m) Diameter (cm) Status 480 14 Medium 510 12 22 Good 530 10 21 Good 550 10.5 16 Medium 550 13 18 Medium 600 Evergreen 15.5 20 Good 600 closed 15 18 Medium 610 forest 16 24 Good 630 tropical 16.5 24 Good rainforest 15 17 Medium 10 X1: 487.008 650 11 Y1: 2339.164 680 18 20.5 Good 12 X2: 495.139 680 15 25 Good 13 Y2: 2338.311 700 15 20 Good 14 700 17 23 Good 15 700 17 21.5 Good 16 710 Evergreen 15 23 Good 17 870 closed 10 12 Medium 18 880 forest 8.5 12 Medium 19 900 moderate 16 25.5 Good 20 930 tropical 15 Medium 21 950 rainforest 7.5 14 Medium 22 950 mountain 13.5 16 Medium 34 Note Transect 5: Tan Long hamlet to Chin Tang waterfall (3 km) No Coordinates (StartingEnding point) Elevation Height Ecosystem (m) (m) Diameter (cm) Status 400 6.5 14 Medium 420 6.5 15.5 Medium 450 8.5 14 Medium 470 15 Medium 15 Medium 15 Medium 13.5 18 Medium 12 22 Good 650 14 26 Medium 650 15.5 25 Good 700 15.5 22 Good 12 700 12 24 Good 13 710 Evergreen 12 20 Good 14 750 closed 12.5 24 Good 15 750 forest 11 22 Good 16 850 moderate 11 20.5 Good 17 970 tropical 8.5 14.5 Medium 18 970 10 15 Medium 470 500 550 10 11 X1: 490.779 Y1: 2332.275 X2: 495.097 Y2: 2334.134 600 Evergreen closed forest tropical rainforest rainforest mountain 35 Note 7.2 List of Melientha suavis Pierre regeneration in Xuan Son National Park by transect Transect 1: Du hamlet to the top of Ten mountain (6 km) Height (cm) No 100 Regeneration form Stump Seed sprout x Status Good Medium x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 10 x x x x x 11 x x X 12 x x X 13 x x X 14 x x X 15 x x x 16 x x x 17 x x x 18 x x x 19 20 21 x x x x x x x 36 Bad x x Transect 2: Lap hamlet to Can mountain (7.5 km) Height (cm) No 100 Regeneration form Stump Seed sprout x Status Good Medium Bad x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 10 x 11 x 12 x x x x x x x x x 13 x x x 14 x x x 15 x x x x x 16 x 17 x x 18 x x x 19 x x x 20 x x x x 21 x x 22 x x 23 x x 37 x x x Transect 3: Ben Than hamlet to Can mountain (5 km) Height (cm) No 100 x x Regeneration form Stump Seed sprout x Status Good Medium x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Bad x x x x x x x x 10 x x x 11 x x 12 x x x 13 x x x 14 x x x 15 x x x 16 x x x x x 17 x 38 x Transect 4: Ben Than hamlet to Bang mountain (4 km) Height (cm) No 100 Regeneration form Stump Seed sprout x Status Good x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 10 x x 11 x x x x 12 x x 13 x x 14 x x Bad x Medium x x x Transect 5: Tan Long hamlet to Chin Tang waterfall (3 km) Height (cm) No 100 x x Regeneration form Stump Seed sprout x Status Good x x x x x x Bad x x Medium x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 39 x 7.3 Field survey form INVESTIGATION THE MELIENTHA SUAVIS PIERRE SPECIES FORM Date…/…/2018 Full name of interviewer: Nguyen Thi Hong Quyen Full name of interviewees:…………………………………………………………… ……… …………… Hamlet,………………….Commune ,Tan Son District, Phu Tho Province Gender: Male/Female Age:…… Ethnic:…… Education level:…………………………… Job:……………………………………………………………………………………………… I Introduction Hello sir/madam, I am student in Viet Nam National University of Forestry in Hanoi In my research implementation plan, I come to Xuan Son National Park to find out about using and exploiting status of Melientha suavis species This interview is completely voluntary and randomly selected households The information collected today only serves the purpose of research First of all, please answer some of the question below I sincerely thank you for your sharing II Situation of exploitation and use Do you know Melientha suavis species? Yes No Common name of Melientha suavis species ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… Do you often use Melientha suavis species? Never Usually Number of time:… /mouth If yes, how you use it? Parts of it ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Where you see it? Elevation:……………., Soil type:…………… , species living around it………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Biological phenomena of phenology phases of Melientha suavis species: 40 Bud:……………………… Young leaves:………………………………………………… Bloom:…………………………fruit:……………………………………………………… Ripe fruit:…………………… Do you exploit to sell? Yes No Price: /kg Compared to 10 years ago, does quantity of Melientha suavis species change now? Increase Decrease No change Reasons Do you plant it at home? Yes No If yes, what are the method of planting? Seedling Cuttings Others:……………………………………………………………………………………… Time:……………………………………………………………………………………… Technology: ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Do you usually care for it? Yes No How to care for it? Weeding Fertilizing Others:……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Thank you for helping with the investigation process! 41 7.4 Interviewees list of local people in Xuan Son National Park No Full name Ly Thi Nuong Age 37 Ethnic Dao Job Farmer Hoang Van Dung 49 Dao Farmer Tran Quoc Cuong 46 Kinh Farmer Ban Van Hoi 49 Dao Farmer Ban Van Tu 45 Dao Farmer Xa Thi Nga 37 Muong Businessman Phung Thi Thi 33 Muong Farmer Ly Van Vuong 29 Muong Farmer Phung Van Tuong 30 Dao Farmer 10 Ban Van Tuong 36 Muong Farmer 11 Ly Van Truong 44 Dao Farmer 12 Ban Thi Hoa 45 Muong Farmer 13 Truong Van Phuong 43 Muong Farmer 14 Bui A Ly 47 Muong Farmer 15 Trieu Van Luong 43 Dao Farmer 16 Trieu Thi Phuong 41 Dao Farmer 17 Trieu Dinh Sinh 36 Dao Farmer 18 Dinh Van Ngu 37 Muong Farmer 19 Truong Thi Nga 33 Muong Farmer 20 Ly Van Nhau 30 Muong Farmer 21 Trieu Van Quoc 29 Dao Farmer 22 Trieu Thi Van 50 Dao Farmer 23 Ban Van Binh 48 Dao Businessman 24 Xa Van Bang 38 Muong Farmer 25 Bui Thi Ly 45 Muong Farmer 26 Tran Dang Manh 26 Kinh Ranger 27 Nguyen Manh Hung 30 Kinh Ranger 28 Ban Van Vuong 29 Muong Farmer 29 Ban Thi Thuong 30 Dao Farmer 30 Ly A Thanh 30 Muong Farmer 42 Note 7.5 Photographs of Melientha suavis species in the study area Mature Melientha suavis Pierre Seedling Flower of Melientha suavis Pierre Seedling in the forest 43 Bark Seedling years old The front of the leaf The back of the leaf 44 Interviewing the local people Local people climb the tree Fruit Young bud 45 ... For those reasons, I come up with a goal for conservation of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province to be my study in order to have some solutions to conservation Melientha. .. Seasonal of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park 18 Table 4.6 Planting method of Melientha suavis Pierre 20 Table 4.7 Caring for Melientha suavis Pierre after planting... 4.3 The regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park 17 Table 4.4 The quality and height of regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park