Conservation and development of medicinal plants in xuan son national park phu tho province

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY FACULTY OF FOREST RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT STUDENT THESIS CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN XUAN SON NATIONAL PARK, PHU THO PROVINCE Major: Advanced Curriculum in Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources & Environmental Management Student: Nguyen Kim Anh Student ID: 1453090611 Class: K59B - Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 – 2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in Collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc.Prof Dr Hoang Van Sam Ha Noi, September 2017 ACKNOWLEDMENTS To complete the final thesis, firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Assoc.Prof Dr Hoang Van Sam for the continuous support of my thesis, for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my final thesis Thanks to cooperating between Vietnam Forestry University and Colorado State University, I have a chance to approach a reservoir of international knowledge and experience I would like to thank all staffs of Xuan Son National Park, Forest protection and management station of Xuan Son, local people for creating all favorable conditions and supplying all information and data in the process of studying this dissertation Last but not least, this thesis could have never been completed without the support of my friends and parents because of their encouragement and giving me the favorable conditions during the entire process of doing research and going field works for having my work done Because my knowledge is limited, this thesis may have some mistakes; I would like to receive the comments from the teachers to help my thesis becoming more complete Hanoi, 1st October, 2018 Student Nguyen Kim Anh ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: GOAL AND METHODOLOGY 2.1 Goal of the study 2.2 Specific objectives 2.2 Subjects – scope 2.3 Materials 2.4 Field Investigation method 2.4.1 Transect lines 2.4.2 Non-field investigation methods 2.5 Data analysis 2.6 Proposing measures to manage and conserve medicinal plants CHAPTER 3: NATURAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS 3.1 Geographic location and natural conditions 3.1.1 Geographical location 3.1.2 Terrain 3.1.3 Geology 3.1.4 Soil 3.1.5 Climate and hydrology 3.2 Forest status and land use 10 3.2.1 The area of land types, forest types 10 3.2.2 Vegetation, animals and distribution of rare species 11 3.3 Socio - economic characteristics 13 3.4 Situation of socio-economic development 14 3.4.1 Crop 14 3.4.2 Commercial service activities 14 3.4.3 Income of the people 15 iii 3.5 Traffic 15 3.6 Medical 15 3.7 Education 15 CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 16 4.1 The current status of resources and use of some medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park, Tan Son district, Phu Tho province 16 4.1.1 Current situation of medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park 16 4.1.2 The status of using medicinal plant resources 19 4.1.3 The variety of parts used 19 4.1.4 Diversity of number of parts and use of medicinal plants 20 4.2 Situation of exploiting, preserving and developing medicinal plant resources in Xuan Son National Park 23 4.2.1 Exploitation status 23 4.2.2 Current status of conservation and development of medicinal plant resources 24 4.3 Research on the ecological characteristics of rare medical plants in Xuan Son national park 27 4.3.1 Anoectochilus setaceus Blume 27 4.3.2 Paris polyphylla Smith 29 4.3.3 Aspidistra xuansonensis var xuansonensis 31 4.4 Solutions for conservation and development of some precious medical plants in Xuan Son national park 32 4.4.1 Threats to medicinal plant resources in Xuan Son National Park: 32 4.4.2 Proposed solutions to conserve medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park: 33 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMeNDATION 35 5.1 Conclusion 35 5.2 Recommendation 35 REFERENCES 37 APPENDICES 38 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Survey on species statistics by transect line Table 2.2: Form of information on medicinal plants by interview local people Table 3.1: Forest and land status of Xuan Son commune 10 Table 3.2: Forest composition of Xuan Son Commune 13 Table 4.1: Current situation of medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park 16 Table 4.2: Statistics of medicinal plant components in live form 18 Table 4.3: The variety of parts used in medicine 19 Table 4.4: Synthesis of parts used as drugs 21 Table 4.5: Usage of medicinal plants 22 Table 4.6: Market statistics and status of some herbs available in Xuan Son National Park (time of investigation in June 2018) 23 Table 4.7: List of medicinal plants that studied ecological characteristics in the study site 27 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Location of Xuan Son National Park Figure 2.2: Transect lines for investigation Figure 4.1: Statistics of the percentage of species and families in the area 18 Figure 4.2: Experience of using plant parts of medicinal plants ethnic minorities in Xuan Son National Park 20 Figure 4.3: Percentage of used parts for medicine 21 Figure 4.4: Stem and leaves of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume 28 Figure 4.5: Stem and leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith 30 Figure 4.6: Flowers and bulbs of Aspidistra xuansonensis 32 vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Plant conservation is one of the most important issues of concern to the world The flora is of the highest importance because of the habitat of living organisms The survival and development of plants are the basis for the evolution and evolution of the organism Moreover, plants contribute greatly to the healing of human disease from its use Vietnam is a tropical country, has the rich of vegetation cover with a variety of medicinal plants This precious herb resource contributes significantly to the initial health care in our country, particularly to rural and mountainous communities We have 54 ethnic groups live together, each groups has their own traditional culture and experience in heathy care Medicinal plants in Vietnam are largely used empirically in each ethnic community Uniqueness in the use of medicinal plants have shown in the experience of the individual or ethnic community This valuable experience which has helped to build up the back group of traditional medicine with a history of thousands of years However, the research, development, conservation and use of medicinal plants in Vietnam is facing many challenges, such as many medicinal plants are exhausted and in danger of extinction due to overexploitation People in mountainous areas still have the habit of exploiting available medicinal plants from natural forests Moreover, they sell to male traders, which leads to the danger of exhausting this resource quickly, and some high value species can become extinct Xuan Son National Park in Tan Son district, Phu Tho province is considered as a region with high biodiversity, which is the storehouse of gene sources of rare and precious plants and animals of our country There are 2,908 households in the national park, mainly Muong ethnic (80%) and Dao ethnic (18%) The people still retain many traditional customs and tradition characteristics in production as well as living and daily life In particular, the use of medicinal plants has been passed down through generations with many different remedies But, in recent times, the loss of many medicinal remedies, affecting indigenous knowledge in the use of plants, medicinal herbs In order to understand the status of conservation, exploitation and provide the basis for proposing solutions to management of previous medicinal plants in the study area, I the topic: “Conservation and development of medicinal plant in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho Province” CHAPTER 2: GOAL AND METHODOLOGY 2.1 Goal of the study - Assessment the current status of use and conservation; providing solutions for conservation and development of some precious medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province 2.2 Specific objectives - To assess the current status of use of medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park - Research on the ecological characteristics of rare medicinal plants in the study area - Propose solutions to conserve and develop medicinal plants in Xuan Son commune, Phu Tho province 2.2 Subjects – scope - Subjects: Some precious medicine plant species in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province - Scope: Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province Figure 2.1: Location of Xuan Son National Park 2.3 Materials - Inherited the documentation of the flora survey results of individuals and organizations inside and outside the country - Inheritance process selectively • The data on natural conditions, climate, hydrology, soil, topography, forest resources • Information and data on economic, condtions, social conditions 2.4 Field Investigation method 2.4.1 Transect lines Using transect line to collect data on some previous medicinal plant species in Xuan Son National Park The transect line was designed on the topographic map to check the information that was discussed with local experts such as distribution, management situation, exploitation and use The transect line should be selected based on available trails for easier access to the area Use a GPS to determine the distribution of species on the transect lines into the vegetation map of Xuan Son National Park Figure 2.2: Transect lines for investigation Use a camera to save the image of previous plants on the transect line 4.3.3 Aspidistra xuansonensis var xuansonensis - Family: Asparagaceae Russian scientists (Nikolay Aleksandrovich Vislobokov, Dmitry Sokoloff, Galina Degtjareva, Carmen Valiejo-Roman, Andrey Kuznetsov - among them researchers at the Vietnamese-Russian Tropical Biology Institute, Cau Giay, Hanoi) have just published a new scientific name: Aspidistra xuansonensis, discovered from Xuan Son National Park in Phu Tho province This is the 40th Aspidistra species discovered in Vietnam in the past 10 years, bringing the total number species of Aspidistra in Vietnam to 44 species Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) is the most abundant genus in southern China and northern Vietnam The new species: Aspidistra xuansonensis was discovered in northern Vietnam, consisting of two subspecies: A xuansonensis var.xuansonensis with white bluish vesicles and A xuansonensis var violiflora with purple flowers The scientists also presented the DNA bar code data of psbA-trnH and the 5SNTS nuclei for these two species and compared it with the other three Aspidistra species In addition, A xuansonensis's non-spindle bud shape was described in detail A xuansonensis is similar to the species described recently in A lingyunensis but differs in longer petioles, longer leaf blade, tubular shape (tube, enlarged at the base compared with the funnel shape This publication was published in Phytotaxa Magazine (No 3, episode 173, pages: 226-234) at the end of June 2014 (biodivn) 31 Figure 4.6: Flowers and bulbs of Aspidistra xuansonensis * Distribution: - In the world: Aspidistra has over 150 species, distributed in sub-tropical Asia, from India (Assam) to Japan extending south to the Malay Peninsula There are at least 52 known species in Vietnam, including the newly discovered species - In Xuan Son commune: Species are usually found at 250 to 400 meters above sea level * Values: Scoring to the experience of using medicinal plants of the Muong and Dao ethnic groups in Xuan Son National Park, rhizomes (tubers) have the effect of rheumatism, sedative, insomnia, boils, skin beauty, black hair 4.4 Solutions for conservation and development of some precious medical plants in Xuan Son national park 4.4.1 Threats to medicinal plant resources in Xuan Son National Park: * Over - exploitation: For medicinal plants can be traded (Table 4.2.1) The direct impact of these species is on people collecting medicinal plants in the hamlets However, the profound impact is that the collectors of medicines in communes and districts Although medicinal plants are being harvested from Xuan Son National Park, the management of the NP does not currently have plans to manage and monitor medicinal plant populations in the area 32 * Loss of knowledge and practice of use medicinal plants: Knowledge of the use of medicinal plants in an area that is lost due to the following causes: - The majority of the younger generation of Kinh and Muong communities are less interested in learning their parents' knowledge of medicinal plants - The development of the health system with medicines available for initial treatment, , drug support policy for remote communes - Knowledge of the use of medicinal plants is not documented, but is spoken by generations - Misinformed propaganda of some mass media, they believe that the use of medicinal plants in the traditional way is backward - The health sector does not have solutions to increase the use of local medicinal plants - Difficult to use and unstable of medicinal plants The cause is not documented, not interested in the modernization of medicines from plants to the use of more convenient and available 4.4.2 Proposed solutions to conserve medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park: 4.4.2.1 For Xuan Son commune, Xuan Son National Park: - Development of materials on medicinal plants in the area (including protected areas and buffer zones): investigate the other communes of the buffer zone, additional investigations in the areas of strictly protected areas The documentation of medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park may be simply a list of checklists, including scientific names, local names, and medicinal plants Because there are no clear rules on intellectual property rights in the use of medicinal plants in Vietnam, the knowledge of medicinal plants should at least be based on voluntary principles This knowledge will be printed in publications and widely distributed, limited scope of distribution - Give medicinal plants information into the management plan of Xuan Son National Park Protect the species in the Red Book of Vietnam Species at risk of degradation are being exploited for sale 33 - Training of technical staff and forest rangers on the preservation of medicinal plant resources, including: Identify medicinal plants, conservation techniques (in-situ and ex-situ conservation), methods of research and development of medicinal plant resources The knowledge of medicinal plants is at least focused on species being harvested for sale, precious and rare species, species included in the Red Book of Vietnam - To build a medicinal garden: The site of conservation of medicinal plants, research on propagation and cultivation to restore and develop medicinal plants, which can develop in the area as well as serve the goal of educating the community, especially the younger generation Therefore, it is necessary to design nursery gardens and grow medicinal plants in the garden 4.4.2.2 For local health - Design of knowledge about medicinal plant community use - Research to produce medicinal plants at small health care It is based on the experience of using medicinal plants of the community to cure common diseases - Planting and using medicinal plants at commune health stations List of medicinal plants to be planted based on their own use - Coordinate education of young people about the use and recognition of medicinal plants of the area This activity can be carried out through competitions on traditional medicine 34 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion Medicinal plants resources in Xuan Son National Park are quite diverse in terms of species with 703 species belong to 120 families In particular, I have investigated 182 species and 80 families The medicinal plant resources in Xuan Son NP are distributed in seven main habitat groups: primary forest; secondary forest; bushes; along streams, wet valley; water; bareland, paddy fields, roadside and home gardens It focus on primary and secondary forests The medicinal plants at Xuan Son National Park are used with main groups of plants, of which leaves are the most used species with 40% of total species Medicinal plants are used in Xuan Son National Park in two ways: use dry 68% and fresh use 32% Most of them are drinking, boiling and rubbing The research has evaluated the status of use and conservation of medicinal plants The research has shown the ecological characteristics of some precious medicinal species of high value The research has proposed solutions to preserve and develop medicinal plants associated with the participation of local people in Xuan Son National Park 5.2 Recommendation The competent authorities at local should have some method to propagandize, educate people to get the important of medicinal plant in daily life They should training planting, breeding skills for local people Sharing experiences on using medicinal plant between Thai ethnic, H mong ethnic and Kinh ethnic to discussion and exchange knowledge of each ethnic from that learn from each other The results of this study are just in the level of integrated investigation It is not clear how effective the use of medicinal plants and drugs In addition, some valuable medicinal plants, medicinal products need to be researched for conservation and sustainable use 35 It is necessary to provide annual funding for Xuan Son National Park for conservation and development of medicinal plants 36 REFERENCES Do Van Tinh (2014) , Study on conservation of some previous plants in Xuan Son National Park G Phani Kumar, Raj Kumar, O P Chaurasia and Shashi Bala Singh (2010) Current status and potential prospects of medicinal plant sector in trans-Himalayan Ladakh Ladakh, India: Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research Hoang, V (2010) Indigenous knowledge of Dao and Muong ethnic minority groups on medicinal plants in Ba Vi national park, Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam: Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam JANTAN, I (2004) Medicinal Plant Research in Malaysia: Scientific Interests and Advances Kumbi, E T (2007) Use and conservation of traditional medicial plants by indigenous people in Gimbi Woreda, Western Wellega, Ethiopia ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA Overview about Red Data Book (2013, 5) Retrieved from Vietnam forest creatures: http://www.vncreatures.net/tqsachdo.php Tran Dang Hung (2016), Study on conservation and development of medical plants resources in Xuan Son National Park 37 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Results of investigation and statistics of medicinal plants No Scientific Name Vietnamese Name Living form Anoectochilus setaceus Blume Kim tuyến tơ Herbaceous Paris polyphylla Sm subsp polyphylla Trọng lâu nhiều Herbaceous Fibraurea tinctoria Lour Hoàng Đằng Liana Zingibez zerumbet (L.) Smith Gừng gió Herbaceous Gomphandra mollis Merr Bổ béo mền Shrub Pandanus tonkinensis Mart Dứa dại bắc Herbaceous Amorphophallus interruptus Engl Nưa gián đoạn Herbaceous Knema globularia (Lamk.) Warb Máu chó nhỏ Woody Disporopsis longifolia Craib Hoàng tinh trắng Herbaceous 10 Aspidistra xuansonensis Tỏi rừng Herbaceous 11 Lycopodium cernuua (L.) Pic Serm Thông đất Herbaceous 12 Angiopteris erecta (G Forst.) Hoffm Móng ngựa Herbaceous 13 Drynaria bonii Chr Tắc kè đá Herbaceous 14 Drynaria fortunei (Kuntze) J Smith Cốt toái bổ Herbaceous 15 Gnetum latifolium Blume Gắm rộng Herbaceous 16 Gnetum montanum Markgf Gắm núi Herbaceous 17 Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindl Chuỳ hoa bắc Herbaceous 18 Acer laurinum Hassk Thích mười nhị Woody 19 Acer sinense Pax Thích tầu Woody 20 Rhus chinensis Muell Muối trung hoa Woody 21 Rhus javanica L Muối Woody 22 Desmos chinensis Lour Dẻ hoa thơm Liana 23 Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook Rau má núi Herbaceous 24 Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill Ba gạc vòng Woody 25 Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Voss Ngũ gia bì gai Woody 26 Brassaiopsis ciliata Dunn Thông thảo giả Woody 27 Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin Đáng chân chim Woody 28 Trevesia palmata (Roxb ex Lindl.) Visan Đu đủ rừng Woody 29 Asarum caudigerum Hance Thổ tế tân Shrub 38 No Scientific Name Vietnamese Name Living form 30 Dischidia tonkinensis Cost Song lý bắc Shrub 31 Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) DC Hà thủ ô trắng Liana 32 Vernonia arborea Buch.- Ham Bông bạc Liana 33 Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr Dây chua lè Liana 34 Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn Bọ xít Liana 35 Balanophora abbreviata Blume Cu chó ngắn Liana 36 Impatiens balsamina L Bóng nước Herbaceous 37 Begonia aptera Blume Thu hải đường không cánh Herbaceous 38 Begonia grandes Dry var chinensis Irmsch Thu hải đường to Herbaceous 39 Begonia lecomtei Gagnep Thu hải đường lecomte Herbaceous 40 Begonia semicava Irmsch Thu hải đường Herbaceous 41 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent Núc nác Woody 42 Cordia grandis Roxb Tầm mốc to Woody 43 Heliotropium indicum L Vòi voi Woody 44 Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch ex DC Trám trắng Woody 45 Canarium tramdenum Dai et Yakovl Trám đen Woody 46 Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook Đẳng sâm Woody 47 Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC Bún Woody 48 Sambucus javanica Reinw ex Blume Cơm cháy Woody 49 Cratoxylum prunifolium (Kurz.) Kurz Đỏ Woody 50 Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Alston Khế rừng Woody 51 Ipomoea involucrata Beauv Bìm tổng bao Liana 52 Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino Dần toòng (giảo cổ lam) Liana 53 Dillenia heterosepala Fin & Gagnep Lọng bàng Woody 54 Dillenia indica L Sổ bà Woody 55 Erythropalum scandens Blume Bò khai Liana 56 Antidesma hainanense Merr Đơn núi Woody 57 Baccaurea ramiflora Lour Giâu da đất Woody 58 Bischofia javanica Blume Nhội Woody 59 Cleidion bracteatum Gagnep Cơm gáo Woody 39 No Scientific Name Vietnamese Name Living form 60 Croton tonkinensis Gagnep Khổ sâm Shrub 61 Endosperum chinense Benth Vạng Woody 62 Excoecaria cochinchinensis Đơn đỏ nam Woody 63 Flueggea virosa (Roxb Ex Willd ) Wight Lộc mại dài Woody 64 Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Muell.Arg Lá nến Woody 65 Mallotus contubernalis Hance Cánh kiến trắng Woody 66 Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr Rau ngót Shrub 67 Trigonostemon flavidus Gagnep Mịng lơng Liana 68 Abrus precatorius L Cam thảo nam Liana 69 Bowringia callicarpa Champ ex Benth Dây bánh nem Liana 70 Calleyria cinerea (Benth.) Schot Thàn mát tro Liana Lục lạc kim Liana Ba chẽ Liana 71 72 Crotalaria acicularis Buch.- Ham ex Benth Dendrolobium striangulare (Retz.) Schindl 73 Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr Kim tiền thảo Liana 74 Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC Hàn the ba hoa Liana 75 Desmodium velutinum (Nilld.) DC Thóc lép lơng nhung Shrub 76 Milletia dielsiana Harms Kê huyết đằng Liana 77 Milletia ichthyochtona Drake Thàn mát Liana 78 Ormosia balansa Drake Ràng ràng mít Liana 79 Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr Sắn dây rừng Liana Aeschynanthus acuminatus Wall ex A DC Aeschynanthus bracteatus Wall ex A DC Má đào nhọn Liana Má đào hoa Liana 80 81 82 Illigera celebica Miq Vót ét Liana 83 Dichroa febrifuga Lour Trường sơn Liana 84 Cratoxylum cochinchinensis (Lour.) Blume Đỏ nam Woody 85 Hypericum japonicum Thunb Nọc sởi Woody 86 Gomphandra tetrandra (Wall.) ex Sluem Bổ béo bốn nhị Woody 87 Illicium griffithii Hook f & Thwaites Hồi núi Woody 88 Pterocaria stenoptera C DC Cơi Woody 40 No Scientific Name Vietnamese Name Living form 89 Lindera tonkinensis Lecomte Lòng trứng Woody 90 Actinodaphne pilosa (Lour.) Merr Bộp lông Woody 91 Beischmiedia balansae Lecomte Chắp balasa Woody 92 Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis (Lecomte) Airy-Shaw Cà lồ bắc Woody 93 Cinnamomum cassia Presl Quế Woody 94 Cryptocarya lenticellata Lecomte Mò nanh vàng Woody 95 Litsea baviensis Lecomte Bời lời ba Woody 96 Machilus bonii Lecomte Kháo vàng thơm Woody 97 Leea rubra Blume ex Spreng Gối hạc Woody 98 Strychnos axillaris Clebr Mã tiên hoa nách Woody 99 Strychnos ignatii Berg Mã tiền lông Liana 100 Helixanthera parasitica Lour Chùm gửi Liana 101 Medinila assamica (C B Clarke) C Chen Mua leo 102 Melastoma candidum D Don Mua vảy 103 Melastoma sanguineum D Don Mua bà Shrub 104 Aglaia spectabilis (Miq.) Jain Gội nếp Woody Gội trắng Woody Quếch tôm Woody 105 106 Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R N Park Chisocheton cunmingianus (C DC.) Harm Shrub Shrub 107 Dysoxylum hainanensis Merr Chò vảy Woody 108 Stephania hernandiifolia (Willd.) Spreng Dây mối Liana 109 Stephania rotunda Lour Bình vơi Liana 110 Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep Củ gió Liana 111 Archidendron chevalieri (Kosterm.) I Nielsen Mán đỉa chevalier Woody 112 Endata phaseoloides (L.) Merr Dây bàm bàm Liana 113 Ficus heterophylla L f Vú bò Woody 114 Ficus heteropleura Blume Sung dị phiến Woody 115 Ficus oligodon Miq Sung táo Woody 116 Horsfieldia amygdalina (Wall.) Warb Săng máu hạnh nhân Woody 117 Knema poilanei De Wilde Máu chó poilane Woody 41 No Scientific Name Vietnamese Name Living form 118 Maesa brevipaniculata (C Y Wu & C Chen) Pipoly & C Chen Đơn nem nhỏ hoa ngắn Woody 119 Maesa indica (Roxb.) A DC Đơn nem ấn độ Woody 120 Syzygium wightianum Wall et Arg Trâm trắng Woody 121 Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr & Perry Roi Woody 122 Linociera ramiflora (Roxb.) Wall Hồ bì Woody 123 Oxalis corniculata L Chua me đất herbaceous 124 Microdesmis caseariaefolia Planch ex Hook Chẩn Woody 125 Piper bavinum C DC Tiêu ba Liana 126 Plantago major L Mã đề Liana 127 Helicia hainanensis Hayata Chẹo thui hải nam Liana 128 Helicia nilagirica Bedd Chẹo thui Liana 129 Helicia obovatifolia Merr & Chun Mạ sưa trứng ngược Liana 130 Gouania leptostachya DC Dây đòn gánh Liana 131 Carallia dipplopelata Hand.- Mezz Răng cá Woody 132 Rubus alcaefolius Poir Mâm xôi Shrub 133 Canthium dicocum var rostratum Gaertn Thw ex Pit Xương cá Woody 134 Canthium parviflorum Roxb Găng cườm Woody 135 Morinda officinalis How Ba kích Liana 136 Mussaenda pubescens Ait f Bướm bạc lông Liana 137 Nauclea orientalis (L.) L Vàng kiên Woody 138 Micromelum falcatum Tanaka Ớt rừng Shrub 139 Clausena excavata Burm f Hồng bì dại Shrub 140 Euodia lepta (Spireng.) Merr Ba chạc Shrub 141 Euodia meliaefolia (Hance) Benth Ba chạc xoan Shrub 142 Nephelium lappaceum L Vải guốc Woody 143 Cardiospermum halicacabum L Dây tầm phổng Liana 144 Dimocarpus fumatus (Blume)Leenh Nhãn rừng Woody 145 Kadsura coccinea (Lem) A C Smith Nắm cơm Woody 146 Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib Xưn xe tạp Woody 147 Scoporia dulcis L Cam thảo nam Woody 42 No Scientific Name Vietnamese Name Living form 148 Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst) Alst Thanh thất Woody 149 Alniphyllum eberhardtii Guillaum Dương đỏ Woody 150 Callicarpa longifolia Lamk Tử châu dài Liana 151 Callicarpa longissima (Hemsl.) Merr Tử châu hạ long Liana 152 Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hook & Arn.) Planch Chè dây Liana 153 Cissus triloba (Lour.) Merr Chìa vơi Liana 154 Helicia tonkinensis Lecomte Mạ sưa bắc Liana 155 Acorus calamus L Thuỷ xương bồ Liana 156 Homalomena occulta (Lour.) Schott Thiên niên kiện Liana 157 Homalomena tonkinensis Engl Sơn thục bắc Liana 158 Pothos chinensis (Paf.) Merr Ráy leo vân nam Liana 159 Pothos reipens (Lour.) Druce Ráy leo Liana 160 Disporopsis longifolia Craib hoa trắng Liana 161 Peliosanthes teta Andr Sâm cau Liana 162 Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour Củ nâu Liana 163 Dioscorea persimilis Prain & Burk Củ mài Liana 164 Phrynium placentarium (Lour.) Merr Dong rừng Herbaceous 165 Musa coccinea Andr Chuối hoa rừng Herbaceous 166 Musa seminifera Lour Chuối hột Herbaceous 167 Dendrobium aduncum Wall ex Lindl Hồng câu Herbaceous 168 Dendrobium chrysanthum Lindl Ngọc vạn vàng Herbaceous 169 Dendrobium lindleyi Steud Vảy rồng Herbaceous 170 Heterosmilax gaudichaudiana (Kunth) Maxim Khúc khắc Herbaceous 171 Smilax bracteata Presl Cậm kệch Herbaceous 172 Smilax corbularia Kunth ssp corbularia Kim cang Herbaceous 173 Smilax glabra Wall ex Roxb Thổ phục linh Herbaceous 174 Alpinia blepharocalyx K Schum Riềng dài lông mép Herbaceous 175 Amomum mengtzense H T Tsai ex P S Chen Sa nhân khế Herbaceous 176 Amomum muricarpum Elmer Sa nhân mỏ Herbaceous 177 Amomum thyrsoideum Gagnep Riềng ấm Herbaceous 178 Amomum villosum Lour Sa nhân Herbaceous 43 No Scientific Name Vietnamese Name Living form 179 Amomum xanthioides Wall Sa nhân ké Herbaceous 180 Hedychium coccineum Buch.- Ham ex Smith Ngải tiên đỏ Herbaceous 181 Zingiber purpureum Rosc Gừng tía Herbaceous 182 Uncaria sp Câu đằng Shrub 44 SOME IMAGES OF THE FIELD TRIP 45 ... resources and use of some medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park, Tan Son district, Phu Tho province 4.1.1 Current situation of medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park The survey results and interviews... species in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province - Scope: Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province Figure 2.1: Location of Xuan Son National Park 2.3 Materials - Inherited the documentation of. .. to conservation, models of medicinal plants in Xuan Son commune and Xuan Son National Park: Relocation model of medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park: At present, there are 02 models in Xuan