Conservation and development of medicinal plants in pu hu nature reserve thanh hoa province

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN PU HU NATURE RESERVE, THANH HOA PROVINCE Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resource and Environmental Management Student: Nguyen Thi Thuy Duong Student ID: 1453091257 Class: K59A - Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 – 2018 Advance Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Professor Dr Hoang Van Sam Hanoi, 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To complete this research, apart from my own efforts, I have received a lot of enhance and help from my teachers, organizations and individuals First and foremost, I would like to thank my research supervisors, Dr Hoang Van Sam with his support and understanding Without his assistance and dedicated involvement in every step throughout the process, this research would have never been accomplished I sincerely thank to Vietnam National University of Forestry has given me an opportunity to apply the knowledge I learned from the school I have got new and useful experience that is helpful for my future work I would like to extend my thanks to the Board of Pu Hu Management especially Mr Le Duy Cuong - the vice director of Pu Hu Nature Reserve, Quan Hoa district, Thanh Hoa Province for his useful, providing helpful data and constructive recommendations on this research I am also grateful to the stuffs of Pu Hu Reserve Manager: Le Phong, Hoang Van Phu for taking good care of mine and supporting me with the enthusiastic guidance to collected data when I stayed in the ranger station Last but not least, I would like to thank my family for supporting me spiritually throughout my life i ABSTRACT Over three-quarters of the world population relies mainly on plants and plant extracts for health care More than 30% of the entire plant species, at one time or others were used for medicinal purposes Population rise, inadequate supply of drugs, prohibitive cost of treatments, side effects of several allopathic drugs and development of resistance to currently used drugs for infectious diseases have led to increased emphasis on the use of plant materials as a source of medicines for a wide variety of human ailments Vietnam is a country with 75% mountainous area where ethic groups distributed This areas have many difficult conditions to develop the community also economic of community especially transportation The goods from urban areas are transported by a difficult way including clothes, medicine…ect Therefore, they have to have their own traditional culture and experiences in the makeup and use medical plants It led to the illegal harvesting medicinal plants in the nature forest and effect to the growth and regeneration of medicinal plants in nature forest This study aims at conservation and development of medicinal plants in Pu Hu Nature Reserve Collecting existed data, survey questionnaires were the methods used in data collection The study showed the current status of medicinal plants in Pu Hu Nature Reserve includes: ingredient, habit, part-using, therapeutic, degree of threaten and status of harvesting and planting The study also provided information of ecological and distribution of Morinda officinalis How as well as the factors impact on this species and made a documentation of local people knowledge and development of medicinal plants in Pu Hu Nature Reserve Last, it gave solution for conservation and development of medicinal plants in Pu Hu Nature Reserve ii TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENT iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v LIST OF TABLE vi LIST OF FIGURE vii I INTRODUCTION II GOAL, SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 2.1 Goal 2.2 Objectives 2.3 Methods 2.3.1 Secondary data collection 2.3.2 Collect primary data 2.3.3 Data analysis 2.3.4 Assess the level of threat III STUDY SITE CHARACTERISTICS 3.1 Natural conditions 3.2 Social and economic conditions 3.3 Basic characteristics of forest resources 3.3.1 Current status of land types, forest types of Pu Hu NR 3.3.2 Typical types of forest vegetation IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10 4.1 Current status of medicinal plants in Pu Hu Nature Reserve 10 4.1.1 Diversity of Taxon 10 4.1.2 Usage of plant parts for medicine 10 4.1.3 Habits of medicinal plants 11 4.1.4 Disease treated with medicinal plants 11 4.1.5 Decree of threaten of medicinal plants in Pu Hu NR 12 4.1.6 Status of havesting, planting 14 4.2 Status of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR 15 4.2.1 Distribution of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR 15 4.2.2 Distribution characteristics of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR 16 4.2.3 Growth situation of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR 18 iii 4.2.4 Factors impact on the growth of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR 19 4.2.5 Trading situation of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR 19 4.3 Local people’s knowledge and development of medicinal plants in Pu Hu NR 20 4.4 Solution proposals for conservation and development of medicinal plants in Pu Hu NR 21 V CONCLUSION 22 REFERENCES APPENDIX iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS NR Nature Reserve IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature VU Vulnerable LR Lower risk LC Least concern EN Endangered DD Data deficient NTFPs Non-timber forest products v LIST OF TABLE Table 2.1 Coordinate of start, end point of each trasect line Table 3.1 Classification of vegetation Table 4.1 Medicinal plants found in Pu Hu Nature Reserve Table 4.2 Group of diseases treated with medicinal plants by local people Table 4.3 Endangered species of medicinal plant found in Pu Hu NR Table 4.4 Forest status where Morinda officinalis How grow Table 4.5 Stand information in each plot Table 4.6 Factors impact on the growth of Morinda officinalis How in each plot vi LIST OF FIGURE Figure 2.1 Distribution map of transect line investigation in Pu Hu NR Figure 2.2 Distribution map of transect line and plot investigation in Pu Hu NR Figure 3.1 Map of Pu Hu NR Figure 4.1 Usage of plant parts for medicine in Pu Hu NR Figure 4.2 Habit of medicinal plants in Pu Hu NR Figure 4.3 Harvesting’s frequency of local people Figure 4.4 Situation of planting medicinal plants Figure 4.5 The distribution map of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR Figure 4.6 Average height of stem of Morinda officinalis How in each plot Figure 4.7 Average height of stump of Morinda officinalis How in each plot Figure 4.8 Local people’s knowledge about effect of harvesting method on medicinal plants Figure 4.9 Factors impact on the growth of medicinal plant vii I INTRODUCTION The medicinal source of Vietnam is abundant and diversified include plants, animals and minerals In which, plant still play an important role in this component, in terms of kinds as well as use values Located in the belt of tropical monsoon, Vietnam has high biodiversity and is ranked as one of the top 25 highest biodiversity countries in the world Vietnam has approximate 11,000 species of vascular plants, 800 species of fungi and more than 2,000 species of algae According to the figure of Vo Van Chi, which was published in the book “Dictionary of medicinal plants in Vietnam”, nearly 4,700 species are listed as medicinal plants However, Vietnam is also one of countries with high rate of deforestation in the world (MC Kinnon & Cox, 1991) Current stock of primeval forests was remaining about 1% of the total land area Then forest resources will be destroyed including many medicinal plants This can be considered as a challenge and mission to conserve the source of pharmaceutical material, which needed to invest in research in the current time and future Moreover, Vietnam has 54 ethnic groups live together From time immemorial, people have known to use medicine from plants to treat health problems for human and animals Throughout our history, the capital of community medicine were accumulated, took shape and developed to become national background of traditional medicine with all databases were saved and transmitted orally to the next generation Besides, the local knowledge and experiences of each ethnic group are different and they have their own traditional culture and experiences in the makeup and use medical plants On the other hand, the old generation gradually passed away and the young generation demonstrated little interest in learning how to make up medicine from medicinal plants and how to use it and the development of modern medicine All reasons lead to the traditional treatment is being lost day by day Pu Hu Nature Reserve belongs to the Muong Lat and Quan Hoa districts and in the Northwet of Thanh Hoa province The area of special use forest in Pu Hu nature reserve is approximate 22.680,59 The whole area of the forest is a hilly area in the west, surrounded by two major river systems, the Ma River and the Luong River and it is mainly formed by two ecosystems: highland mountain ecosystems and limestone karst ecosystems In this area, there are many valuable medicinal herbs including Morinda officinalis This species are very interested in producing medicinal plants and growing in many parts of Vietnam However, local planting, exploitation and trading products of this species are directly affecting the expansion or narrowing of their distribution Being aware of providing necessary scientific information for the management, conservation and development of this species in the locality, contributing to the improvement of income and living standard for local people, I decided to conduct a thesis titled: “Conservation and development of medicinal plants in Pu Hu Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoa province” II GOAL, SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 2.1 Goal The Goal is to evaluate current status and propose solutions for conservation and development of medicinal plants in Pu Hu Nature Reserve 2.2 Objectives - To assess the current status of medicinal plants in Pu Hu NR, Thanh Hoa province - To assess the current status of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR - To assess local knowledge and development of medicinal plants in Pu Hu NR - To provide solutions for conservation and development of medicinal plants in Pu Hu NR 2.3 Methods 2.3.1 Secondary data collection Using method to collect existing data about Pu Hu NR geographic condition, current status of fauna and flora biodiversity, forest areas; Economic and social condition of surrounded communes 2.3.2 Collect primary data 2.3.2.1 Structure interview A random sample of 100 households in surrounded communes (Nam Tien commune belongs to Quan Hoa district and Trung Ly commune belongs to Muong Lat district) is selected in a survey Questionnaires are prepared before going to the field to get information about: General information of interviewees (age, gender, education level, main income, etc.); their knowledge about distribution of medicinal plants and factors effect the medicinal plants in local area 2.3.2.2 Semi-structure interview Interview staffs who work in Management board of Pu Hu NR by using checklist to get information and data on the issues: Current population, living standard of local communes; Local awareness about forest resources management especially medicinal plants and the role and level of local community participation in forest resources management in Pu Hu NR 2.3.2.3 Establish transects Establishing transectline in the field and on the map, especially make sure that the area which transectline was established can represent the forest type and habitat of whole area There are transect lines were set up: No F No S Endangered level Scientific name Vietnamese name RHAMNALES Rhamnaceae Bộ TÁO Họ Táo 258 Berchemia lineata (L.) DC Rung rúc 259 Gouania leptostachya DC Dây Gồ an hẹp, Dây gân 260 Sageretia theezans (L.) Brongn Canh châu 261 Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk Táo 77 78 262 263 264 79 Vitaceae Họ Nho Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hook & Chè dây Arn.) Planch Ampelopsis heterophylla (Thunb.) Song nho dị diệp Sieb & Zucc Vitis vinifera L Nho OLEALES Oleaceae Bộ NHÀI Họ Nhài 265 Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait Nhài 266 Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume Vằng SANTALALES Bộ BẠCH ĐÀN Use Habit Rheumatism, Haemoptysis, TB Scalded, Snake bite, Fever Shrubs Cough, Fever, Boil Vine Shrubs Insomnia, Asthma, Cold perspiration Tree Stomachache, Malaria, Rheumatism Vine Malaria, Tonic Vine Foetal derangement, Diarrhoea, Dermatitis Vine Bellyache, Diarrhoea, Bone fraceture, Teethache Menstruation disease, Jaundice Tree Shrubs Used parts Root Leaf, Stem Branch, Leaf, Root Seed, Leaf, Fruit, Bark Whole plant Whole plant Whole plant Leaf, Flower, Root Branch, Leaf IUCN 2013 Redlist Decree 2007 32 No F No S Endangered level Scientific name Opiliaceae 80 Vietnamese name Use Habit Used parts IUCN 2013 Họ Rau sắng Tree 267 81 268 82 269 83 270 84 271 272 273 274 85 Redlist Decree 2007 32 Melientha suavis Pierre Rau sắng Erythropalaceae Erythropalum scandens Blume DIPSACALES Caprifoliaceae Họ Hạ hòa, Dây hƣơng Dây hƣơng, dây bò khai Bộ TỤC ĐOẠN Họ Kim ngân Sambucus javanica Reinw ex Blume Cơm cháy GENTINIALES Loganiaceae Bộ LONG ĐỞM Họ Mã tiền Strychnos umbellata (Lour.) Merr Mã tiền hoa tán Apocynaceae Họ Trúc đào Alstonia scholaris (L.) R Br Sữa Kibatalia macrophylla (Pierre in Planch ex Hua) Woods Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill Strophanthus divaricatus (Lour.) Hook et Arn Asclepiadaceae Thần linh to Tapeworm Rheumatism, Stangury Beriberi, Nephritis, Eczema Tonic Dysentery, Enteritis, Insolation Tonic Ba gạc vòng Hypertensive Sừng dê Heart failure Họ Thiên lý VU Bx+2 e Leaf, Root Vine Whole plant Herbs Branch, Root, Bark, Leaf, Flower, Fruit Shrubs Tree Tree Tree Shrubs VU Axa,c Root Root LR Stem, Resin Root Seed VU Axa,c No F No S 275 Endangered level Scientific name Dischidia acuminata Cost Vietnamese name Tai chuột 276 Hoya carnosa R Br Cẩm cù 277 Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr Hà thủ ô nam 278 Telosma cordata (Burm.f.) Merr Hoa thiên lý 279 280 Rubiaceae Hedyotis capitellata Wall Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk Họ Cà phê An điền đầu Cóc mẳn 281 Ixora coccinea L Trang son 86 282 Morinda citrifolia L Nhàu chanh Use Habit Dysuria, Leucorrhoea, Beriberi, Otorrhoea, Adenitis Rheumatism, Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Orchitis Detoxicate, Fever, Malaria, Dysuria Santonin, Tonic, Haematuria, Haemoroids Vine Gastritis Malaria Dysentery, Menstruation disease, Boils, Allergic Hypertension, Kidney stone, Piercing pain in the bones Shrubs Herbs Tree Used parts Morinda officinalis F.C.How Ba kích 284 Nauclea orientalis (L.) L Paederia foetida L Gáo vàng Rau mơ thối Vine Whole plant Vine Vine Root, Leaf Leaf, Root Whole plant Whole plant Root, Leaf Tree Root 285 Hypertensive, Spermatorrhoea, Stangury Fever, Malaria, Cirrhosis Dysentery, Diarrhoea, Redlist Decree 2007 32 Whole plant Herbs 283 IUCN 2013 Root Tree Vine Bark, Wood Whole plant EN Axc, d, Bx+2 a,b,c No F No S 286 Endangered level Scientific name Psychotria reevesii Wall in Roxb Vietnamese name Lấu 287 Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poit Lấu đỏ 288 Randia spinosa Bl Găng tu hú POLEMONIALES Convolvulaceae Pharbitis purpurea Voight Boraginaceae Bộ HOA LỐC Họ Khoai lang Bìm bìm tía Họ Vịi voi Heliotropium indicum L Vịi voi SCROPHULARIALES Solanaceae Bộ HOA MÕM CHÓ Họ Cà Capsicum frutescens L Ớt 87 289 88 290 89 291 Use Pertussis Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Boils, Typhoid, Leucorrhoea, Haematuria, Pharyngitis, Teethache, Postnatal disease Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Boils, Typhoid, Leucorrhoea, Haematuria, Pharyngitis, Teethache, Postnatal disease Ditoxicate, Boils, Strangury Habit Used parts IUCN 2013 Redlist Decree 2007 32 Tree Root, Leaf Tree Root, Leaf Shrubs Fruit, Root, Bark ‘ Beiberi, Bellyache Vine Astrigent injury, Dislocation Herbs Snake bite, Insect bite, Eczema, Boils, Bellyache Tree Seed Whole plant Leaf No F No S Endangered level Scientific name Vietnamese name 292 Datura metel L Cà độc dƣợc 293 Physalis angulata L Tầm bóp 294 Solanum procumbens Lour Cà gai leo 295 Solanum torvum Sw Cà nồng Buddleiaceae Họ Bọ chó Buddleia asiatica Lour Bọ chó Scrophulariaceae Họ Hoa mõm chó 297 Adenosma caeruleum R.Br Nhân trần 298 Scoparia dulcis L Torenia violacea (Azaola ex Blanco) Pennell Bignoniaceae Cam thảo nam 90 296 91 299 92 300 93 301 Tơ liên tím Habit Used parts Bronchitis, Asthma Fever, Cough, Boils, Pharyngitis, Orchitis, Jaundice, Strangury Rheumatism, Teethache Teethache, Insect bite, Eczema Tree Herbs Leaf, Flower Vine Tree Root, Bark Root, Fruit, Leaf, Flower Fever, Cough, Malaria, Postnatal disease Tree Flower, bubs, Bracnh, Root Jaundice, Fever, Headache Fever, Ditoxicate Herbs Insolation, Regurgitate Whole plant Herbs Herbs Whole plant Whole plant Whole plant Họ Chùm ớt Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Núc nác Acanthaceae Họ Ơ rơ Justicia gendarussa Burm.f Use Thanh táo Dislocation, Eczema, Dysentery, Boils, Cough, Food poisioning, Syphilis, Stomachache Tree Fever, Cough, Cold perspiration, Dislocation, Rheumatism, Boils, Tree Bark, Stem, Seed Branch, Leaf, Root IUCN 2013 Redlist Decree 2007 32 No F No S Endangered level Scientific name Vietnamese name Use Habit Used parts Vine Root, Vine, Leaf Orchitis, Postnatal disease 302 94 Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb ex Willd.) Roxb Plantaginaceae Bông báo Họ Mã đề 303 Plantago major L Mã đề 304 LAMIALES Verbenaceae Lantana camara L Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Bộ BẠC HÀ Họ Cỏ roi ngựa Bông ổi 95 305 Đuôi chuột 306 Verbena officinalis L Cỏ roi ngựa 307 Vitex negundo L Ngũ chảo 308 Vitex trifolia L Đẻn ba 309 Lamiaceae Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Họ Bạc hà Thiến thảo 96 Snake bite Cough, Dysentery, Strangury, Bronchitis, Diarrhoea, Malaria, Beriberi, Hepatitis, Nephritis, Leucorrhoea, Otitis, Scalded Herbs Haemoptysis, Diabetic Shrubs Herbs Rheumatism Menstruation disease, Strangury, Nurse disease, Hepatitis Fever, Headache, Runny nose Headache, Nurse disease, Sore eyes, Otitis Rheumatism, Fever, Leaf, Seed Leaf, Flower Whole plant Herbs Whole plant Tree Shrubs Herbs Root, Leaf, Fruit, Seed Fruit Whole plant IUCN 2013 Redlist Decree 2007 32 No F No S 310 Endangered level Scientific name Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland Vietnamese name Kinh giới 311 Hyptis suaveolens Poit Tía tơ dại 312 Ocimum basilicum L Húng chó 313 Ocimum gratissmum L Hƣơng nhu trắng 314 97 315 Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt Tía tơ ASTERALES Asteraceae Bộ CƯC Họ Cúc Ageratum conyzoides L Cỏ cứt lợn 316 Artemisia vulgaris L Ngải cứu 317 Bidens pilosa L Đơn buốt Use Malaria, Diarrhoea, Flatulence Chill, Fever, Cough, Hemorrhage,Dermatitis Fever, Headache, Bellyache, Boils, Antipyretic Cough, Allergic, Medal Fever, Headache, Ozostomia Cough, Fever, Headache, Bellyache,Dysentery, Nurse disease, Nervous breakdown, Snake bite, Boils, Menstruation disease Cavity, Otitis, Postnatal disease Cough, Anaemic, Haemorrhoids, Gestation disease, Menstruation Enteritis, Dysentery, Pharyngitis, Snake bite, Habit Herbs Used parts Whole plant Herbs Whole plant Herbs Herbs Whole plant Whole plant Herbs Leaf, Stem, Fruit Herbs Whole plant Herbs Whole plant Herbs Whole plant IUCN 2013 Redlist Decree 2007 32 No F No S Endangered level Scientific name Vietnamese name 318 Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC Đại bi 319 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist Cỏ tai hùm (Thọ lão) 320 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L Nhọ nồi 321 Elephantopus scaber L Cúc thiên 322 Eupatorium odoratum L.f Cỏ lào 323 Lactuca indica L Bồ công anh 324 Parthenium hysterophonrus L Cúc liên chi dại 325 Pluchea indica (L.) Less Cúc tần 326 Siegesbeckia orientalis L Hy thiên, cỏ dĩ 327 Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn Bọ xít 328 Xanthium strumarium L Ké đầu ngựa Use Insect bite Pharyngitis, Cough, Rheumatism Hemostatic, Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Cystitis Malaria, Hemostatic, Dysentery, Menstruation disease, Gestation disease, Amaemic, Rheumatism, Haematuria Fever, Cough, Insolation, Bronchitis, Haematuria Insect bite Nurse disease, Stomachache, Boils Insect bite Dislocation, Fever, Headache, Cough, Bone fracture Rheumatism, Malaria, Hypertensive, Arthritis Headache, Rheumatism Rheumatism, Arthritis, Boils, Teethache, Dermatitis, Cavity Habit Shrubs Herbs Used parts Leaf, Flower Whole plant Herbs Whole plant Herbs Shrubs Herbs Herbs Shrubs Herbs Herbs Herbs Whole plant Leaf, Root Whole plant Root, Stem Branch, Bubs, Root Whole plant Branch, Leaf Whole plant IUCN 2013 Redlist Decree 2007 32 No F No S Endangered level Scientific name LILIOPSIDA LILIALES Asteliaceae 98 329 99 330 331 100 332 Huyết dụ Dracaenaeae Họ Huyết dụ/phất dụ Dracaena angustifolia Roxb Phất dụ hẹp Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep Hypoxidaceae Curculigo gracillis Wall Huyết giác Họ Hạ trâm, Tỏi voi lùn Lòng thuyền Họ Khúc khắc, Kim cang 333 Smilax glabra Wall ex Roxb Thổ phục linh 334 Stemonaceae Stemona tuberosa Lour Dioscoreaceae Họ Bách Bách Họ Củ nâu, Khoai 335 Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour Củ nâu 336 Dioscorea hispida Dennst Dioscorea persimilis Prain & Burkill Mài lơng Hồi sơn, Khoai chụp, Sơn dƣợc 102 103 337 Use Habit Menstruation disease, Dysentery, Haemoptysis, Haematuria Shrubs Used parts Lớp HÀNH Bộ HÀNH Họ Huyết dụ Cordyline fruticosa (L.) Goepp Smilacaceae 101 Vietnamese name Dysentery, Leucorrhoea Root, Leaf Shrubs Nurse disease, Tonic, Backache Shrubs Dysetery, Dyspepsia Herbs Rheumatism, Boils, Skin disease Vine Cough, Santonin Vine Dysentery, Diarrhoea, Leucorrhoea, Paralytic Dysentery, Diarrhoea Vine Backache, Diabetic Vine Vine Root, Leaf, Flower Red Wood Root Root Root Root Root Root IUCN 2013 Redlist Decree 2007 32 No F No S Endangered level Scientific name Vietnamese name Taccaceae Tacca chantrieri Andre' ZINGIBERALES Costaceae Costus speciosus (Koenig) Smith Zingiberaceae Họ Râu hùm Râu hùm hoa tía Bộ GỪNG Họ Mía dị, Đót đắng Chóc, Cát lồi Mía dị Họ Gừng 340 Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd Riềng nếp 341 Alpinia globosa (Lour.) Horan Mè tré 342 Alpinia officinarum Hance Riềng 343 Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu Sa nhân tím 104 338 105 339 106 344 Curcuma longa L Nghệ 345 Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc Nghệ đen 346 Zingiber officinale Roxb Gừng 347 Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J.E Sm Gừng gió Use Habit Used parts Rheumatism Herbs Root Cytitis, Rheumatism Herbs Root Bellyache, Diarrhoea, Dysentery Bellyache, Diarrhoea Bellyache, Diarrhoea, Rheumatism,Malaria Diarhoea, Rheumatism, Avitaminosis, Teethache Menstruation disease, Boils, Rheumatism, Gastritis, Jaundice Bellyache, Flatulence, Menstruation disease Chill, Rheumatism, Headache, Cough, Menstruation disease, Bellyache, Diarrhoea, Cholera Chill, Rheumatism, Headache, Cough, Herbs Herbs Herbs Herbs Root, Fruit Fruit Root Fruit Herbs Root Herbs Root Herbs Root Herbs Root IUCN 2013 Redlist Decree 2007 32 No F No S Endangered level Scientific name Vietnamese name Use Habit Used parts Cough Vine Leaf Menstrution disease, Stomachache, Metriris Herbs IUCN 2013 Menstruation disease 348 ORCHIDALES Orchidaceae Renanthera coccinea Lour CYPERALES Cyperaceae Bộ LAN Họ Lan Huyết nhung dúng Bộ CĨI Họ Cói, Lác 349 Cyperus rotundus L Cỏ gấu Bộ THÀI LÀI Họ Rau trai/Thài lài 350 COMMELINALES Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa Burm (C nudiflora L.) POALES Poaceae 351 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers Cỏ gà 352 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn Cỏ mần trầu 353 Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv Cỏ tranh 107 108 109 110 354 111 Thài lài trắng Fever, Pharyngitis Herbs Tuber LC Whole plant Bộ HÕA THẢO Họ Hòa thảo Zea mays L Ngô ARECALES Arecaceae Bộ CAU Họ Cau, Cau dừa Headache, Eyes disease, Epostaxis Sunstroke, Fever, Strangury, Rash Epostaxis, Haematuria, Asthma, Nephritis Strangury, Jaundice, Urinary gravel, Beiberi, Hypertensive, Hepatitis Herbs Herbs Herbs Flower Whole plant Root Herbs Seed, Hair LC Redlist Decree 2007 32 No F No S Endangered level Scientific name Vietnamese name 356 Areca catechu L Areca laoensis Becc Cau Cau rừng 357 Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr Búng báng 355 358 Caryota mitis Lour Đùng đình 359 Pinanga baviensis Becc ARALES Araceae Cau chuột ba Bộ RÁY Họ Ráy, Môn 360 Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Khoai môn Homalomena occulta (Lour.) Schott PANDANALES Pandanaceae Sơn thục/Thiên niên kiện Pandanus tonkinensis Martelli Dứa dại bắc 112 361 113 362 Use Habit Used parts Santonin, Malaria Santonin, Beriberi Tree Tree Tree Seed Seed Fruit, Stem, Root Hypertensive Dysentery, Menstruation disease, Headache, Strangury, Haematuria Santonin, Beriberi Shrubs Boils, Snake bite, Insect bite, Gestation disease Herbs Rheumatism Root Tree Herbs Seed Tuber, Leaf Root Bộ DỨA DẠI Họ Dứa dại, Dứa gai Beriberi, Strangury, Kidney stone IUCN 2013 Shrubs Bubs, Root LC Redlist Decree 2007 32 APPENDIX IV: Plot 1: No 10 Hstem 203 168 176 159 198 135 158 236 189 180 Dstump 0.78 0.54 0.56 0.5 1.3 0.35 0.64 1.2 0.73 0.89 No 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Hstem 176 164 198 185 176 168 157 164 153 191 Dstump 0.65 0.74 0.86 0.75 0.98 0.45 0.58 0.54 0.34 0.98 No 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Hstem 235 264 124 157 164 183 178 192 178 164 Dstump 1.3 1.5 0.25 0.46 0.51 0.64 0.63 0.76 0.69 0.61 No 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Hstem 178 189 156 189 175 180 199 200 Dstump 0.71 0.81 0.56 0.79 0.76 0.77 0.89 0.91 Plot 2: No Hstem 138 145 100 89 168 135 142 Dstump 0.74 0.76 0.53 0.49 0.87 0.41 0.68 No 10 11 12 13 14 Hstem 123 162 91 170 135 120 162 Dstump 0.59 0.86 0.51 0.95 0.65 0.63 0.89 No 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Hstem 83 103 119 146 189 93 118 Dstump 0.46 0.32 0.65 0.73 1.5 0.39 0.76 No 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Hstem 156 189 173 81 186 152 105 Dstump 0.87 1.8 1.2 0.43 2.3 0.76 0.68 No Hstem 175 156 149 176 186 135 154 165 159 Dstump 0.96 0.69 0.61 0.94 1.3 0.59 0.67 0.76 0.73 No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Hstem 146 136 178 164 148 163 156 189 176 Dstump 0.61 0.58 0.96 0.87 0.59 0.91 0.71 1.2 0.97 No 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Hstem 186 164 183 157 186 176 173 167 179 Dstump 1.1 0.86 1.2 0.76 1.1 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.96 No 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Hstem 183 141 167 189 160 175 178 167 Dstump 1.2 0.75 0.89 1.3 0.86 0.93 0.96 0.9 Plot 3: Plot 4: No Hstem 186 153 169 163 186 145 Dstump 0.95 0.53 0.72 0.78 0.97 0.51 No 10 11 12 Hstem 164 158 153 146 177 162 Dstump 0.78 0.64 0.61 0.53 0.89 0.69 No 13 14 15 16 17 18 Hstem 190 164 182 143 181 145 Dstump 1.1 0.75 0.94 0.51 0.98 0.54 No 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hstem 146 155 131 158 149 136 Dstump 0.56 0.65 0.44 0.67 0.56 0.42 No Hstem 158 187 132 159 176 142 Dstump 0.65 0.41 0.69 0.88 0.59 No 10 11 12 Hstem 125 146 185 134 153 169 Dstump 0.37 0.59 1.1 0.54 0.76 0.87 No 13 14 15 16 17 18 Hstem 184 156 161 149 152 164 Dstump 0.96 0.63 0.77 0.56 0.68 0.83 No 19 20 21 22 23 Hstem 153 147 139 145 158 Dstump 0.69 0.6 0.46 0.61 0.75 Dstump 0.93 0.82 0.69 0.9 0.65 0.82 0.73 0.93 0.98 0.74 No 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Hstem 195 186 179 195 168 184 196 188 194 163 Dstump 0.96 0.89 0.84 0.73 0.89 0.94 0.91 0.94 0.64 No 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Hstem 179 182 186 163 185 176 197 180 196 183 Dstump 0.8 0.77 0.89 0.59 0.72 0.61 0.92 0.73 0.84 0.79 No 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Plot 5: Plot 6: No 10 Hstem 189 179 165 185 164 178 169 189 198 173 Hstem 165 178 163 179 168 184 176 Dstump 0.72 0.81 0.64 0.83 0.61 0.85 0.7 Plot 7: No Hstem 89 78 86 103 94 145 79 95 116 Dstump 0.61 0.53 0.59 0.89 0.83 0.9 0.51 0.79 0.81 No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Hstem 129 136 101 123 131 109 110 86 149 Dstump 0.82 0.63 0.61 0.73 0.88 0.63 0.6 0.51 0.91 No 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Hstem 113 128 134 103 107 124 135 108 116 Dstump 0.64 0.76 0.79 0.64 0.61 0.75 0.74 0.58 0.67 No 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Hstem 90 121 94 82 105 136 86 Dstump 0.49 0.62 0.51 0.41 0.65 0.76 0.39 No 10 Hstem 136 148 198 164 137 184 153 179 182 163 Dstump 0.65 0.76 1.5 0.89 0.64 0.98 0.69 0.95 1.2 0.88 No 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Hstem 179 167 158 146 175 196 184 156 178 153 Dstump 0.94 0.92 0.63 0.52 0.97 1.6 0.61 0.97 0.71 No 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Hstem 180 163 143 176 182 174 189 165 169 171 Dstump 1.1 0.83 0.51 0.89 1.3 0.96 1.2 0.76 0.89 0.96 No 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Hstem 164 182 160 164 171 150 161 142 178 162 Dstump 0.84 1.26 0.85 0.89 0.91 0.55 0.86 0.53 0.94 0.86 Plot 8: ... growth of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR 19 4.2.5 Trading situation of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR 19 4.3 Local people’s knowledge and development of medicinal plants in Pu Hu. .. Distribution of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR 15 4.2.2 Distribution characteristics of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu NR 16 4.2.3 Growth situation of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu. .. medicinal plants 11 4.1.5 Decree of threaten of medicinal plants in Pu Hu NR 12 4.1.6 Status of havesting, planting 14 4.2 Status of Morinda officinalis How in Pu Hu