Species diversity and usage of medicinal plants in dong tau village hoa binh province

TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I INTRODUCTION II OBJECTIVES, CONTENTS, LIMITATIONS, METHODOLOGY 2.1 Objectives and scope 2.1.1 Objectives 2.2 Research Methodology 2.2.1 Desk research 2.2.2 Field Survey Methodology 2.2.3 Method of consulting experts III NATURAL – SOCIAL – ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 3.1 Geographical location 3.2 Topography 10 3.2.1 The topography of low hills 10 3.2.2 Low topography 10 3.3 Weather and climate 10 3.4 Resources 11 3.4.1 Population and Labor 11 3.4.2 Land Resources 11 3.4.3 Water Resources 11 3.4.4 Forest Resources 11 3.4.5 Mineral Resources 12 3.5 Evaluation of local potential 12 3.5.1 Advantages 12 3.5.2 Disadvantages 13 IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 14 4.1 Assessment of the diversity of medicinal plants 14 4.1.1 Diversify of species sector 14 4.1.2 Diversity of plants 15 4.1.3 Diversity of life forms of plants 16 4.2.1 Status of cultivation of medicinal plants in local communities 17 4.2.2 Form gathers medicinal plants 20 4.2.3 Forms of use and preservation of medicinal plants raw material locally 22 4.3 The best remedies is simple and has high applicability in local 23 4.3.1 Group gastrointestinal disease 23 4.3.2 Group of bone and joint disease 24 4.3.3 Group skin diseases 24 4.3.4 Diseases of endocrine disorders 25 4.3.5 Eye disease 25 4.4 Analysis of the development of medicinal plants in local communities 25 4.4.1 The favorable factors for the development of natural resources of medicinal plants in local 25 4.4.2 Difficult in the development of medicinal plants 26 4.4.3 Opportunities for development of medicinal plants 26 4.4.4 Challenges in sustainable development of medicinal plants 27 4.5 Proposed solutions for sustainable development of medicinal plants locally 27 4.5.1 Planning 27 4.5.2 Policies 28 4.5.3 Techniques 28 V CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS 29 REFERENCE APPENDIX LIST OF ACRONYMS Notation Meaning PRA Rapid Assessment of rural people's participation RRA Rapid Rural Assessment SWOT Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats LIST OF TABLES Table Name Page The number of families, general and species of plants are used as 4.1 14 medicines in Dong Tau village 4.2 10 families was medicinal plants widely used in Dong Tau village 15 4.3 Life-forms of medicinal plant species in the study area 16 4.4 Situation of drug use by people in Dong Tau village 17 4.5 Total use of medicinal plants according to parts of trees 21 4.6 Forms of medicinal plants used in Dong Tau village 22 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Name Page Location of study site: (a) Viet Nam, (b) Hoa Binh province, (c) 3.1 Luong Son district, (d) Hoa Son commune 4.2 Cultivation status of medicinal plants in Dong Tau village 18 4.3 Alpinia chinensis (Alpinia chinensis (Retz.) Roscoe) 19 4.4 The Citronella (Cymbopogon Nardus Rendl) 19 4.5 The herb is dried and then wrapped in plastic bags 23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT With the permission of the Vietnam Forestry University, Faculty of Forest Resources and Environment Management, I have completed the thesis: "Species diversity and usage of medicinal plants in Dong Tau village, Hoa Binh province.” To perform this topic, I have received the enthusiastic support of teachers from Vietnam Forestry University, the Institute for Forest Ecology and Environment, local officials and the rangers of Dong Tau village, Hoa Binh province After completion of thesis, I would like to deeply thank supervisor Dr Le Xuan Truong who has guided and helped me in the process of research topic locally Because of my private limitations in term of expertise knowledge, surely, there are some certain shortcomings and inadequacies in my thesis Therefore, I truthfully expect to receive active and frank responses from lectures as well as contributing opinions from friends so that I can promote my research later I sincerely thank you! Hanoi, 19 October, 2014 Student I INTRODUCTION Vietnam is a rich tropical country at plant genetic resources, with more than 3948 plant species classified as medicinal plants It contributed the biodiversity of Viet Nam Biodiversity is very important for our life Since ancient times, people have used this resource for many different purposes such as food, vegetables, and medicines Throughout its history, Vietnamese traditional healers have used medicinal plants to prevent and cure certain types of diseases through indigenous medical procedures Viet Nam with 54 different ethnics, each ethnic has knowledge about their own traditional medicine, in which the Muong ethnic in Hoa Binh is no exception Along with the unique culture, traditional medicine of Muong ethnic imbued with local knowledge, make a special appealing to those who like to explore and discover life The current income of Muong Community in Hoa Binh is mainly from herbal medicine drug However, the documentation of medicinal plants, remedies are also very rare Hoa Binh Mountain owns more than 300 species of medicinal herbs, including many precious and endemic species This is an advantage of local development and it has the potential to expand production and service as tourism to visit the medicinal village, built resort and healing However, numerous species of medicinal herbs in Hoa Binh are eradicated and it is at risk of extinction The main reason is that people's lives are poor and people who go harvesting, exploiting the pharmaceuticals lack of understanding, lack of awareness about preservation and conservation of medicinal plants, No method of organization and management to produce in a scientific way In Dong Tau village, Hoa Son commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province is considered a favorable condition for plant growth and development Medicinal plant resources are abundant and diverse, local people use medicinal plants to cure very much Realizing the investigation, research on the medicinal plants used in this work is necessary, in addition to contributing to a clear assessment of the current state, the local potential to enhance the conservation and development of medicinal plants, provide timely data and information on medicinal plants to cater to people's lives contributing to keeping the experience drug use precious indigenous people So, I have implement thesis: "Species diversity and usage of medicinal plants in Dong Tau village, Hoa Binh province.” II OBJECTIVES, CONTENTS, LIMITATIONS, METHODOLOGY 2.1 Objectives and scope 2.1.1 Objectives - To assess the diversity of medicinal plants used by local people and experience in the use and cultivation; - To determine the challenges of medicinal plants as the basis from which the proposed solution development resources at the local medicinal plants 2.1.2 Scope of the study - Time: From 06/2014 to 08/2014 - Location of study: administration Range Dong Tau village, Hoa Son commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province 2.2 Research Methodology 2.2.1 Desk research - The materials on natural conditions, climate, hydrology, soil, topography, natural resources - The information and data on economic conditions, social conditions: population, labor, ethnic composition, cultivation practices - Use the reports and documents involved 2.2.2 Field Survey Methodology During the investigation we used tools such as PRA supported primarily (Rapid Assessment of rural people's participation) and RRA (Rapid Rural Assessment) to collect information and field data Specifically, we directly went to the field: - Interviews with the management of the communes and villages; - Interviews with clinic staff; - Interviews with families, especially those who understand medicine as his sweet mother; 2.2.2.1 Methods of sample collection and handling of specimens After sampling the specimens in the field will be processed and made into specimens under common method currently in Vietnam Forestry University 2.2.2.2 Methods of People's interviews and group discussions With interview survey method we mainly use the tables to interview local people who are knowledgeable about drugs in the community to statistical components of medicinal plants, utility, used parts, current state of cultivation, the use of medicinal plants experience of local communities The survey results are listed in table investigation "Dashboard synthetic composition of species, uses" STATISTICAL TABLES OF THE SPECIES, THE USAGE Investigator: …………… Date: Location: Name of Life Number Cultivation Use species form Function reality … The investigated With the typical remedy of diseases in groups of people and how to use (component, content, cooking, abstinence ) I recorded in questionnaires MEDICINAL PLANTS TABLE BY DISEASE Investigator: …………… Date: …………………… Location: ……… … Number Disease Digest Osteoarthritis Inflammatory Disease of women Name Function How to use Note Fever, colds appearance Insect bites Respiratory disease Diseases of the nervous system Sick children 10 Urinary disorders 11 Poisoning 12 Parasites Investigator ……….……… + Planting techniques The Alpinia chinensis (Alpinia chinensis (Retz.) Roscoe) Tillage techniques: Alpinia chinensis is tolerant to environmental conditions: drought, flooding adapt in many types of soil, meaning Alpinia chinensis is not picky soil However, for high yield, Alpinia chinensis also need good soil humus Planting techniques: choosing tall ground, near water tank, pit 30-40cm, compost, manure is about 1-2kg per hole, backfill and then cut a branch rhizome with put down, landfill, water After 4-5 days Alpinia chinensis was restored, with new roots, sprouts popping up Sometimes, a little extra watering is a good fertilizer for Alpinia chinensis 4-5 months after planting tree root, but when necessary, trim a few branches, bulbs back stabbing another branch, so harvest year- round Figuge 4.3 Alpinia chinensis (Alpinia chinensis (Retz.) Roscoe) + Planting techniques The Citronella Figure 4.4 The Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus Rendl) Tillage techniques: Citronella is very easy to grow plants, not picky land, adapt to external conditions well 19 Planting techniques: Select bare ground, clean grass; dig holes 20 x 20 cm wide, 20 cm deep, each hole from 0.3 to 0.5 kg of compost mixed with topsoil Take 1- branch cut lemongrass leaves, dry leaf sheath stripped out, if at the root sheath, long roots are cut Put the branch 15 -200 then backfill Watering to wet the root On sunny day you can irrigate to help root grow up quickly After planting 3-4 months can prune large branches to sell, eat or take leaves to cook, it is good for hair + Cultivation of other plants For other species, forms of cultivation are mainly grown with other species in the garden, or plant themselves and grow in the garden of the family There are some species can grow naturally in soil hills, they are very difficult to grow, long harvest period makes it is difficult to propagated For example, Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume (tea) live in hilly and forest edges, Smilax glabra Roxb (Thổ phục linh) Long time to harvest This is one of the factors that make it is difficult to shape and develop the economic value species 4.2.2 Form gathers medicinal plants From field surveys we found the experience of exploitation and processing of medicinal plants of the people It is very simple but quite effective Depend on the part of medicinal plants, remedy that people have a different collection of medicinal plants Harvesting techniques: + Choose sunny days for ease of drying, and processing + Harvest tubers: When digging avoid drying or broken roots + Harvest the leaves: Cut the leaves as required (the old leaves or buds ), spread thin, stacked or not litter because the leaves will be prone + Harvesting bark: Use cord to tie the trunk of trees or branches then slitting knife into pieces, easy drying and curling into liquidation If the arbitrary removal will affect the growth of plants and reduce the value of herbs Some note when collecting: Identify proper harvesting period + For root crops: Harvesting begins when the yellow tree leaves, old original, this time focusing more active in roots 20 + For tree leaves: Usually harvested when plants bud Use parts of each species are shown in Table 4.6 below Table 4.5 Total use of medicinal plants according to parts of trees Ordinal numbers Total use Parts of trees (Trees) Rate % Leaf 91 46,91 Trunk 48 24,74 Tubers 19 9,79 Fruit 11 5,67 The whole of trees 3,61 Flower 3,61 Tops 2,06 Roots 2,06 Seed 1,03 10 Bark 0,52 194 100 Total use of medicinal plants According to statistics, the most parts are used the leaves and trunk, with 91 and 48 times are used (46.91% occupancy rate and 24.74%), parts used at least time is bark accounted for 0.52% As the results, the plants were collected mainly parts of leaves, fruits, or trunk, it can effect to the growth and development of trees However, there are a number of trees to be harvested in the form of digging roots, cutting tree trunk sections and it can reduce the number of species in the region So, when exploiting this form should make a reasonable, proper technique to just bring therapeutic effects without harming the tree To see more clearly the diversity of medicinal parts of the plant, I calculate the number of parts used in a species (H) by the formula: H = Total use of parts of the plant /Total of trees = 21 =1.62 Thus, almost half of the species used more than one parts According to the experts and references (“These medicinal plants and herbs Vietnam” of Medical Publishing House, 2001), then those plants may use more than two parts for medicine This shows that drug usage is not high so people need to take measures to help improve people's understanding 4.2.3 Forms of use and preservation of medicinal plants raw material locally 4.2.3.1 The form used According to the general theory, the disease comes from different factors, so there will be many processing methods are different drugs, different accessories to enhance the effect of drugs and create drug have color, flavors Through surveys and interviews people in Dong Tau village show that plants resources is very rich about processing and preservation We have listed the processing methods of the 120 species of medicinal plants: Table 4.6 Forms of medicinal plants used in Dong Tau village Ordinal Number of Form use numbers species Rate % Dried, color medicines 47 39,17 Fresh or dried, color medicines 35 29,17 Fresh, color medicines 31 25,83 Crush and anoint 0,83 Crush and anoint; dried, color medicines 0,83 Crush and anoint; soaked with alcohol 0,83 Soaked with vinegar; dried, color medicines 0,83 Fresh, color medicines; soaked with alcohol 0,83 Fresh, color medicines; crush and anoint 0,83 10 Fresh or dried, color medicines 0,83 120 100 Total 22 4.2.3.2 Storage Method Drug preservation is after the pre-processing, processing of herbs It is easy to musty or rotten if we not preserve It makes treatment ineffective and cause a bad reaction to the digestive tract Therefore, preserving the herb is not despised In the study area we found that in addition to the plant with fresh or pickled in glass jars, the majority of the remaining species they are dried, and then wrapped in plastic bags Figure 4.5 The herb is dried and then wrapped in plastic bags 4.3 The best remedies is simple and has high applicability in local After investigation, interview subjects as the local people, especially traditional healers are living in the survey area, we have summarized many of the remedies or using a simple but effective Here is the experience of using medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of some common diseases group locally But the remedy remains to be gathering more information and evidence in the future to make accurate conclusions 4.3.1 Group gastrointestinal disease Remedies 1: Cure Stomach Pain Ingredients: - Black turmeric (Curcuma aromatica Salisb) - Honey Usage: Black turmeric sliced, dried, ground into powder Morning use teaspoons of honey mixed black turmeric In the evening, drink only teaspoons of honey mixed black turmeric 23 Note: Drink honey mixed black turmeric before eating Remedies 2: Treatment of dysentery Ingredients: Guava (Psidium guajava L.) How to use: Use guava leaf buds and water then bring to the boil, leaf buds for male, leaf buds for women, drink times per day, each time cup is about 100ml until cured Remedies 3: Relieve diarrhea dysentery Ingredients: - Eclipta prostrata L (Nhọ nồi) - Paederia lanuginosa Wall (Mơ tam thể) How to use: Eclipta prostrata L 30 g, Paederia lanuginosa Wall 10 g, clean wash, crushed and then extract 200ml with water, each day drinks times, drinking when you are hungry Drink days, times per day Besides, there are many other useful remedies, such as: 4.3.2 Group of bone and joint disease Remedies 1: Cure joints, sprains Remedies 2: Relieve arthritis, limb and joint aches Remedies 3: Relieve back pain, arthritis, bone pain 4.3.3 Group skin diseases Remedies 1: Cure scabies - Ba chạc (Euodia lepta (Spreng.) Merr.) - Vối (Cleistocalyx operculatus ( Roxb.) Merr et Perry) - Bụp trắng (Mallotus aplla (Luor.) Muell.- Arg) 24 4.3.4 Diseases of endocrine disorders Remedies 1: Sick of sweating (Salt and Pier lolot C DC.) 4.3.5 Eye disease Remedies 1: Sore eyes (Betel - Piper betle L.) 4.4 Analysis of the development of medicinal plants in local communities 4.4.1 The favorable factors for the development of natural resources of medicinal plants in local Firstly, Dong Tau village is one of the areas where have strength of the soil and climate particularly favorable for the medicinal plants So we could deploy people guidance methods, cultivation of medicinal plants to fully utilize the available strength Secondly, the majority of people living in their local are Muong people who have a lot of experience in the flexible use of medicinal plants to cure various diseases Many families use a number of species available for everyday drinking such as “Xạ đen” (Ehretia asperulaa Zoll Et Mor.), Green Tea (Camellia sinensis LOKtze), Eugenia (Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr Et Perry) Thirdly, the resources of local medicinal plants are quite diverse, many species of which can be grown in the home garden areas as tree Betel not (Piper betle L.), Tree Dinh Tomb (Tieghemopanax fruticosus Vig.) Or district the barren hill such as: “Hà thủ ô trắng” (Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr.), “Sa nhân tím” (Amomum longiligulare TL Wu,), “Đỏ ngọn” (Cratoxylum prunifolium Dyer), Citronella (Cymbopogon Nardus Rendl.), “Xạ đen” (Ehretia asperulaa Zoll et Mor.) They not just help improve soil species barren hills where the trees but also brings high economic value in some localities Fourthly, although the village only a few families have decent standard of living, but there are still many households have lower living standards, they still preferred botanical medicine than western medicine by drug costs and expenses fees for the use of herbs in accordance with their income 25 Fifthly, the system is highly developed transportation development and creates conditions promoting the exchange of medicinal products from plants Finally, the role of medicinal plants in the community is increasingly valued by the effective use of medications, their effect are longer than other types of pharmacy 4.4.2 Difficult in the development of medicinal plants People are not aware of the value, the importance of herbs in the living area No proposals to granting agencies on implementing programs to encourage people to grow medicinal plants for economic development Awareness of doctors is not high Medical station has deployed model herbal garden planted, but lack of qualified tree care or caused by the construction of the model is nature movement in the garden so the plants grow and develop not well even some trees have died Recently, because of the new rural development along with the grazing of large herds on alpine area has many medicinal plants live, some species declining forest areas, especially environmental lives of some medicinal plants discovered that the medicinal plants becomes difficult The younger generation is less interested in the male smoker that is often used by pharmaceutical drugs pharmacy more convenient to use, works fast 4.4.3 Opportunities for development of medicinal plants Geography: Geographical features adjacent to the Red River Delta, natural conditions, land, mineral resources, and cultural characteristics are good conditions for the trafficking, formation and development for local medicinal plants State policy: Hoa Binh Province have many projects and plans to attract investment from businesses help local people to reduce poverty, improve the economy, such as tree planting project Mac-ca 2011-2015 period, this could also be an opportunity for household drug crop conditions to find additional markets for their products 26 Awareness of community: people living in the area had improved, changed Many households have boldly plant Alpinia chinensis, Citronella plants on a large scale On the other hand, herbal healing is cheaper but similar effective pharmacy Finally, those who take medicinal plants are going directly conscious of conserving medicinal plants, expressed in the picking when they are trying to survive buds or part of the roots, the tree can be recycled Also they are trying to bring the species living on the hills to go home, this not only helps to always have medicinal plants indoors but also rare genetic conservation It is very important factor for the valuable medicinal plants to avoid the risk of extinction 4.4.4 Challenges in sustainable development of medicinal plants - Policy: People who not have formal output for household planting medicinal plants on a large area - Human resources: who specialized in herbalists experienced advanced age, according the custom, they descend to son in your family, but their children not follow So should be capable of delivering the drug lost precious experiences or healing Should take measures to help and encourage those who are able to pass on the experience sort of medication for people in rural - On the market, there is a big challenge for the current local area because no identifiable product brand drugs Also medicinal outside sources likely to dominate the area so well preserved because of better quality So people need to improve harvesting techniques, avoiding immediate benefits that make the product "dirty", poor quality, this will attract more output market 4.5 Proposed solutions for sustainable development of medicinal plants locally 4.5.1 Planning First, land use planning, reasonably general and medicinal plant cultivation in particular, especially to expand the intensive cultivation of trees have medicinal value and 27 economic potential Thereby, the rare medicinal plants are losing because of shrinking environment will be preserved and promoted its value Second: to create favorable conditions to encourage people to plant new species in the hilly land area in order to improve the household economy, improve soil quality and also to greening barren hills, as the species: green tea (Camellia sinensis LOKtze), “Sắn dây” (Pueraria labata (Willd.) Ohwi.), “Hà thủ trắng” (Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr.), “Xạ đen” (Ehretia asperulaa Zoll Mor et.) Because these species demand strong light For backyard planting can combine several commonly used medicinal plants such as: “Mã đề” (Plantago major L.), “Ngải cứu” (Artemisia vulgaris L.), “Lạc tiên” (Pasiflora foetida L.), “Sâm nam” (Millettia speciosa Champ) These plants are easy to grow, the ability to regenerate better, but still bring economic efficiency 4.5.2 Policies Firstly: to have the support of the authorities as providing capital, technical staff and market information to farmers through agricultural extension system, extension or associations, such as: youth Union, Women's Union, the Association of the elderly, farmers' associations, associations Medicinal Plants … There is opportunity in the market to find the bridge output, construction and promoters own brand products from local medicinal plants Secondly, the government should encourage households’ profession loading imparted home remedies for descendants of long experience 4.5.3 Techniques Provide technical seed, care techniques, harvesting techniques, primary processing and preservation Along with improving fishing techniques require the use improvements, preservation and increase the quality and efficiency of drugs to which many believed would use more local products 28 V CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION The survey have 120 plants which are used as medicines in the locality belong to 103 genera, 58 families of two main phyla Fern and Magnolia industry Recognize 11 living types of medicinal plants in the locality, in which herb, dust are groups with the largest number of species Investigated, interviewed 35 people, including three people are herbalist, 15 people know to use medicines in the family In 120 medicinal plant species, 49 native species, 28 species are fully planted, 43 species grow naturally and planted There are two main species of trees were planted and the plant covers a large area “Rieng Tau” (Alpinia chinensis (Retz.) Roscoe) and Citronella (Cymbopogon Nardus Rendl.) Evaluation forms were 10 collected, 10 forms used the method of preservation There are 13 simple remedies; typical and commonly used is recorded Analyzed evaluate the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges in the development of medicinal plants locally Launched three solutions for the development of medicinal plants locally LIMITATIONS Besides the results achieved are still some exists: - No statistics are all in species composition, mass consumption, prices of many species in the commune - The drug you're looking for and harvesting is extremely difficult - Has not been fully exploited cure all diseases are difficult to treat because people are still afraid of contact and therefore esoteric problems herbalist when we carry out interviews - The solution, development plans are oriented, not have time to verify 29 - Because of time limits, so I not interview all households in the village, so the results are lacking RECOMENDATIONS - It takes time to be able to investigate the full range of remedies, use medicines and experience of herbalist to cater for the management of natural resources especially at local level - Encourage people to take on more plant species are used as medicinal species as well as to serve the development needs of economic development of local communities as additional technical support as well as the new technology, providing the information needed to serve the growing - The subject is just beginning research on indigenous knowledge of resource use drugs should have the next topic for further research and more detail 30 REFERENCE Nguyen Tien Ban (Editor) (2001-2005), List of all species of plants in Vietnam, Volume IIII, Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi Huy Bich et al (2003), Medicinal Plants and animal medicine (episode 1.2), Publishing House of Science and Technology, Hanoi Ministry of Health T (2012), the project Master plan stage pharmaceutical development from now to 2020 and vision to 2030 Vo Van Chi (1996), Dictionary of medicinal plants in Vietnam, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi Pham Hoang Ho (1999), Vietnam Plants (volumes I, II, III), Youth Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City Do Tat Loi (2001), The medicinal plants and herbs Vietnam, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi Tran Dinh Ly et al (1993), 1900 useful plants in Vietnam, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi Nguyen Nghia Thin (2007), Methods for Plant Research, Vietnam National University, Hanoi Publish Le Thi Ha Thu (2012), Master’s Thesis, Study the role of the community in the conservation of genetic resources of medicinal plants in Ba Vi National Park, Ba Vi district, Ha Noi 10 Do Thi Xuyen and Trinh Xuan Huy (2012), Actual state of medicinal plants in the natural reserve Kia- Ba Co cave, Hoa Binh province APPENDIX List of people are interviewed in Dong Tau village Ordinal Name Sex Age Nation Job number Bui Van An Male 38 Muong Famer Nguyen Van Bao Male 60 Muong Retire Bui Van Đac Male 82 Muong Famer Hoang Cong Đam Male 54 Muong Famer Hoang Cong Điem Male 52 Muong Famer Bui Thi Đinh Female 28 Muong Famer La Thi Duyen 73 Kinh Famer Bui Van Duyen Male 40 Muong Famer Phi Thi Hang Female 63 Kinh Famer 10 Nguyen Thi Hang Female 78 Muong Famer 11 Nguyen Trong Hoa Male 60 Kinh Retire 12 Bui Van Hop Male 53 Muong Famer 13 Nguyen Van Khac Male 73 Kinh Famer 14 Hoang Thi Mai Female 53 Muong Famer 15 Duong Van Minh Male 43 Kinh Famer 16 Bui Van Nhat Male 40 Muong Famer 17 Hoang Thi Phang Female 78 Muong Herbalist 18 Hoang Cong Phu Male 45 Muong Cadre 19 Bui Van Quan Male 35 Muong Sodier 20 Bui Thi Quyen Female 35 Muong Famer 21 Vu Thi Quyet Female 48 Muong Famer Female 22 Bui Thi Sin Female 51 Muong Famer 23 Bui Thi Tan Female 38 Muong Famer 24 Bui Thi Tân Female 89 Muong Famer 25 Hoang Cong Thao Male 52 Muong Famer 26 Nguyen Tien Thuan Male 54 Muong Famer 27 Bui Thi Thuy Female 47 Muong Famer 28 Nguyen Thi Tinh Female 58 Muong Famer 29 Ngo Van Tri Nam 80 Kinh Famer 30 Đinh Thi Tuong Female 64 Muong Herbalist 31 Bui Thi Tuyen Female 15 Muong Famer 32 Nguyen Thi Van Female 23 Kinh Nurses 33 Bui Thi Van Female 38 Muong Famer 34 Bui Thi Viet Female 70 Muong Famer 35 Nguyen Thi Vong Female 80 Kinh Herbalist ... number of families, general and species of plants are used as 4.1 14 medicines in Dong Tau village 4.2 10 families was medicinal plants widely used in Dong Tau village 15 4.3 Life-forms of medicinal. .. contributing to keeping the experience drug use precious indigenous people So, I have implement thesis: "Species diversity and usage of medicinal plants in Dong Tau village, Hoa Binh province. ”... synthesized and classified into life forms of plants medicinal plants in Dong Tau village as the following table: Table 4.3 Life-forms of medicinal plant species in the study area Ordinal Number of Life