Research on some main characteristics of natural forest in hoang lien national park lao cai province

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS RESEARCH ON SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL FOREST IN HOANG LIEN NATIONAL PARK - LAO CAI PROVINCE Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Bui Doan Mai Anh Student ID: 1253090001 Class: K57 Natural Resources Management Course: 2012 - 2016 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Dr Ha Quang Anh Ha Noi, Oct 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is submitted for the Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA, faculty of Forest Resources and Emvironmental Management, Vietnam Natural University of Forestry This study would not have been possible without the kindness help of many individuals and institutions Most importantly, I am very grateful to my supervisor Dr Ha Quang Anh for his guidance, instruction, and encouragement at every step of my study and for sharing his knowledge and ideas with me I would like to thank Hoang Lien National Park (NP), Science and International Cooperation Department of the NP with many good people who provide documents and go to the field survey with me ABSTRACT This study contributed findings of some main characteristics of natural forest in high zone vegetation in Hoang Lien National Park included trees floors, regenerated trees and shrubs, fresh vegetation floors Based on the research objectives, a study decision used fieldwork methods and some document from the publications and files of different agencies combined with calculate by formula of excel software and SPSS to find the result about characteristics of vegetation above 2700m elevations From that, the study will proposed measures served to forest management; improve efficiency for the protected forests TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENT APPENDIX LIST OF TABLE LIST OF FIGURE ABBREVIATION CHAPTER INTRODUCTION CHAPTER GOALS, CONTENTS AND STUDY SITES 2.1 Goals and specific objectives: 2.2 Study sites: CHAPTER METHODS 3.1 Collecting data: 3.1.1 Secondary data colection: 3.1.2 Fieldwork methods: 3.3 Classification vegetation system of Hoang Lien NP: 15 CHAPTER RESULTS 17 4.1 Forests structure characteristics of trees stories: 17 4.1.1 Structural composition and density: 17 4.2.2 The distribution rule of forest stand: 20 4.3 Structural characteristics of regeneration stories: 26 4.3.1 Structure composition and density of tree regeneration: 26 4.3.2 Origins regeneration: 27 4.3.3 Density regeneration by qualities: 28 CHAPTER DISCUSTION 30 5.1 Results analyzed field data: 30 5.1.1 Structural composition and density: 30 5.1.2 The distribution rule of forest stand: 31 5.1.3 Structural characteristics of regeneration stories: 32 5.2 Factors affecting the forest vegetation: 34 5.3 Propose some measures to conserve natural resources: 34 5.3.1 Planning for conservation and sustainable development Hoang Lien NP: 34 5.3.2 To raise awareness about natural resource management and forest protection laws: 35 5.3.3 Economic development, increasing income for the community: 35 5.3.4 Strengthen management and protection: 35 5.3.5 Make well the task of forest fire prevention and fighting: 36 5.3.6 Strengthening the scientific research activities and international cooperation: 36 5.3.7 Population Stabilization: 36 5.3.8 Solution silviculture: 36 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 38 REFERENCE 39 APPENDIX LIST OF TABLE Table 4.1 Composition and density of the IA2d forest status of San Sa Ho commune 17 Table 4.2 Composition and density of the VB2 forest status of San Sa Ho commune 19 Table 4.3 Modeling results distribution N / D1.3 with theoretical functions 20 Table 4.4: Modeling results distribution N / H with theoretical functions 22 Table 4.5 Correlation equation H/D1.3 by Linear and Logistic functions in IA2d forest status 24 Table 4.6 Correlation equation H/D1.3 by Linear and Logistic functions in VB2 forest status 25 Table 4.7 Composition and density of tree regeneration 26 Table 4.8 Tree regeneration sources 28 Table 4.9 Tree regeneration by qualities 29 LIST OF FIGURE Picture 2.1 Administration Map of Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai Province Figure 4.1 Charts simulated the distribution rule N / D 1.3 in IA2d forest status 21 Figure 4.2 Charts simulated the distribution rule N / DBH in VB2 forest status 21 Figure 4.3 Charts simulated the distribution rule N /H in IA2d forest status 23 Figure 4.4 Charts simulated the distribution rule N /H in VB2 forest status 23 Figure 4.5 Correlation equation H/D1.3 in IA2d forest status 25 Figure 4.6 Correlation equation H/D1.3 in VB2 forest status 26 Figure 4.7 Regeneration density by species 27 Figure 4.8 Regeneration density by sources 28 Figure 4.9 Regeneration density by qualities 29 ABBREVIATION NP: National Park SP: Standard plot OS: Other species IV: Important value DBH or D1.3m: Diameter at Breast Height CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Forest are valuable resources, there is an important role for the national economy Vietnam’s forests have basic characteristics of tropical forests, with high biological diversity and large biomass People study and see the forest as an ecosystem that has the characteristics and special structures Forest structure is the internal reorganization of the component organisms in forest ecosystems through which the species has different ecological character can live in harmony and achieve relative stability “Forest structure is not only the result but it also the expression of relations of struggle and mutual adaptation between forest biological and ecological environment among each other woodland creatures” (Ngo Quang De 1992) In our country, the study of forest structure mostly focused on object are plantation forests and protection forests The study of the structure and regeneration of the special-use forests still less So the solution to conservation of natural resources, biodiversity values in the area of special-use forests lacking scientific basis, not really effective While, in the world, many researchers had research on natural forest structure "Features of the structure and natural regeneration have been many scientists around the world conducting research to establish a scientific basis and theoretical work in service of forest business The study of the ecological structure of the rainforest was P W Richards (1952), G N Baur (1964), E P Odum (1971) conducted These studies have raised perspective, the concepts and qualitative description of the composition, life forms and slab floor of the forest "(Luong Thi Thanh Huyen, 2009) “Some typical projects of authors like Hara et al (1978-1982), Kapos et al (2000), Rainer W Bussmann (2006), JMNinot & A.Ferre (2008) These studies have focused on the distribution of elevations zone on the basis of natural conditions, direction exposed terrain, ” (Truong Ngoc Kiem, 2014) With Vietnam forest, the complexity show the clearest in the structure of the tree species composition and second stories The study of forest structure not only helps maintain the stability of the forest ecosystem, conditioning the structure factors, but creates an opportunity for managers to use and promote maximum sustainable benefits of forests for the economy, society and environment Therefore, one of the important issues to be studied is to find out the rules of forest structure as a basis for proposing measures appropriate protect and develop forest resources sustainably In Vietnam, “The adequate studies on the distribution of vegetation by elevation is not much that often only one of the research content of flora.” (Truong Ngoc Kiem, 2014) The essence of the elevation rule with local particular character depends on the foothills zone base with other factors should in each region in the world have different projects related to this rule “Because of Vietnam’s hills differentiate continuously from north to south so territorial differentiation is dominated very clear by elevations rules”(Truong Ngoc Kiem, 2014) Vu Tu Lap (1976) divided into three zones: from - 600m (internal zone foothills monsoon tropics, including the sub zone), from 600 - 2.600m (sub tropical monsoon zone on the mountain, including the sub zone ), Over 2.600m (temperate monsoon zone on the mountain) And, Thai Van Trung (1978) divided the zone: tropical moisture (less than 700m in the north and to 100m in the south), subtropical low mountain downstairs (from 700m - 1600m in the north and from 1000m - 1800m in the south ), warm temperate low mountains upstairs (from 1600m - 2400m in the north and from 1800m - 2600m in the south), cold temperate medium mountains downstairs: over 2400m in the north and 2600m in the south Hoang Lien National Park (NP) was chosen as a center of diversity of plant species in the conservation program of plant species of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) National Park is also a global environmental fund is classified as A, the most senior of the value of biodiversity in Vietnam, and Hoang Lien NP is recognized as ASEAN heritage 10 Vu Tu Lap (1976) Canh quan địa lý miền Bắc Việt Nam Publishers of scientific and technical 11 Nguyen Van Thu (2014) Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng du lịch hoạt động người dân đến vườn quốc gia Hoàng Liên - Huyện Sapa - Tỉnh Lào Cai Graduation thesis University of Natural Resources and Environment in Hanoi English reference: 12 A.B Said (1991), The rehabilitation of tropical rainforests ecosystems Restoration of tropical forest ecosystems Proceeding of symposium held on October 7-9, P 110-117 13 Andrew T., Steven Sw., Mark G and Hanna S., (1999), Hoang Lien Nature reserve, Biodiversity survey and conservation evaluation 14 Jacob Cohen (1988, pp78-81), Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences 15 Ghent, A.W (1969), Studies of regeneration in forest stands devastated by the Spruce Budworm, Problems of stocked-qua-drat sampling Forest science vol 15, N04 16 IUCN (2006), Red List of Threatened Spepecies 17 P.W.Richard (1952) Tropical rainforest Chapter I, II, III 18 UNESCO, 1973 International classification and mapping of vegetation, Paris 40 APPENDIX Appendix 1: Mature trees stories survey: Standard plot: Investigator: Area: Investigated date: Status: Coordinates: ID Species Height DBH Dcanopy Note Appendix 2: Regenerated trees survey: Standard plot: Investigator: Area: Investigated date: Status: Coordinates: Number No of sub- Hight of trees Source of ( cm ) reproduction Species Growth rate (Species) plot 50 100 100 Appendix 3: Data analysized by SPSS + IA2d forest status: 41 Seeds Buds A B C Linear Model Summary R Adjusted R Std Error of Square the Estimate R Square 535 287 272 1.194 The independent variable is DBH (cm) ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square Regression 28.041 28.041 Residual 69.816 49 1.425 Total 97.856 50 F Sig 19.680 000 The independent variable is DBH (cm) Coefficients Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients B Coefficients Std Error DBH (cm) 140 031 (Constant) 4.998 947 Beta t 535 42 Sig 4.436 000 5.275 000 Logistic Model Summary R Adjusted R Std Error of Square the Estimate R Square 538 289 275 133 The independent variable is DBH (cm) ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square Regression 351 351 Residual 862 49 018 1.213 50 Total F Sig 19.958 000 The independent variable is DBH (cm) Coefficients Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients B Coefficients Std Error DBH (cm) 984 003 (Constant) 176 019 Beta t 584 43 Sig 285.859 000 9.497 000 The dependent variable is ln(1 / Total Height (m)) + VB2 forest status: Linear Model Summary Adjusted R Std Error of R R Square Square the Estimate 653 427 420 1.454 The independent variable is DBH (cm) ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig Regression 130.621 130.621 61.788 000 Residual 175.462 83 2.114 Total 306.083 84 The independent variable is DBH (cm) Coefficients Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients B Std Error Beta t Sig DBH (cm) 267 034 653 7.861 000 (Constant) 2.241 337 6.639 000 Logistic 44 Model Summary Adjusted R Std Error of R R Square Square the Estimate 626 392 385 269 The independent variable is DBH (cm) ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig Regression 3.863 3.863 53.574 000 Residual 5.985 83 072 Total 9.848 84 The independent variable is DBH (cm) Coefficients Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients B Std Error Beta t Sig DBH (cm) 955 006 535 159.400 000 (Constant) 348 022 16.044 000 The dependent variable is ln(1 / Total Height (m)) 45 Appendix 4: Modeling distribution N / D1.3 4a: Modeling distribution N / D1.3 by Weibull function 4a.1: Modeling distribution N / D1.3 by Weibull function in IA2d forest status: 4a.2: Modeling distribution N / D1.3 by Weibull function in VB2 forest status: 4b: Modeling distribution N / D1.3 by Meyer function 4b.1: Modeling distribution N / D1.3 by Meyer function in IA2d forest status: 46 4b.2: Modeling distribution N / D1.3 by Meyer function in VB2 forest status: 4c: Modeling distribution N / D1.3 by Distance function 4c.1: Modeling distribution N / D1.3 by Distance function in IA2d forest status: 47 4c.2: Modeling distribution N / D1.3 by Distance function in VB2 forest status: Appendix 5: Modeling distribution N / H 5a: Modeling distribution N / H by Weibull function 5a.1: Modeling distribution N / H by Weibull function in IA2d forest status: 48 5a.2: Modeling distribution N / H by Weibull function in VB2 forest status: 5b: Modeling distribution N / H by Meyer function 5b.1: Modeling distribution N / H by Meyer function in IA2d forest status: 5b.2: Modeling distribution N / H by Meyer function in VB2 forest status: 49 5c: Modeling distribution N / H by Distance function 5c.1: Modeling distribution N / H by Distance function in IA2d forest status: 5c.2: Modeling distribution N / H by Distance function in VB2 forest status: 50 Appendix 6: Zones elevation Number of species % species