Conservation of threatened species in hoang lien national park, lao cai province

ACKNOWLEDGENTS To achive this research, during the implementation process, in addition to my own efforts, I have received the enthusiastic helping of Assoc.Prof.Dr Hoang Van Sam, other organizations and departments On this occasion, I express a deep gratitude to the teacher Assoc.Prof.Dr Hoang Van Sam who has directly guided us to complete this thread Thank the teachers in VietNam forestry university have imparted to us the knowledge to perform this topic Thank Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai province management has facilitated to help us complete this Thread During the topic implementing process, even though I had a lot of effort, because of time and professional qualifications is limited, and the initial unfamiliarity acquainted with the actual work, so our research subject inevitable shortcomings I look forward to receive some comments of teachers for our subject more perfect I sincerely thank you! Ha Noi, October …, 2016 Implementer Doan Mai Phuong TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGENTS TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLE LIST OF FIGURE INTRODUCTION Chapter I RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1.1 Conservation of useful plant resource in the world 1.2 Conservation of plant resources in Vietnam Chapter II RESEARCH AREA 2.1 Natural condition 2.2 Forest and land resources 12 2.3 Social and economic conditions 12 Chapter III RESEARCH OBJECTIVE, CONTENTS AND METHODS 14 3.1 Research objectives 14 3.2 Research content 14 3.3 Methods 14 3.3.1 Field surveys 14 3.3.2 Data processing: 17 Chapter IV RESULT AND DISCUSSTION 18 4.1 The dist r ibut io n o f plant species: 18 4.2 Morphological and ecological characteristics of research species in Hoang Lien National Park 19 4.2.1 Tam thất hoang - Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng 19 4.2.2 Pơ mu -(Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry et Thomas 26 4.2.3 Thông tre - (Podocarpus neriifolius D Don) 31 4.3 Propose some conservation measures: 34 4.3.1 Advantages and disadvantages of process management and conservation of some endangered species, rare plant protection be prioritized 35 Chapter V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATIONS 36 5.1 Conclusion 36 5.2 Recommendations 36 REFERENCES LIST OF TABLE Table 4.1 The dist r ibut ion o f research species 18 Table 4.2 Some ecological indicators of mature Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng 19 Table 4.3 The plant accompanied Panax stipuleanatus 23 Table 4.4 The regeneration of plants accompanied Panax stipuleanatus Illicium Verum Hook 24 Table 4.5: Regeneration of Fokienia hodginsii by transect 29 Table 4.6 Regeneration around mother tree of Fokienia hodginsii 30 Table 4.7 Regeneration of Podocarpus neriifolius by transect 33 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 2.1 Administrative map of Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai province Figure 2.2 Graph of climate types in Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province 10 Image 4.1 Morphological Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng 20 Image 4.2 Leaves of Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng 20 Image 4.3 Root of Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng 21 Image 4.4 Flower of Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng 21 Image 4.5: Pơ mu- Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry et Thomas 26 Image 4.6: Leaf ofFokienia hodginsii 26 Image 4.7: FruitofFokienia hodginsii…………………………………………………………26 Image 4.8: Regeneration of Fokienia hodginsii 29 Image 4.9: Thông tre- Podocarpus neriifolius D Don 31 Image 4.10: Fruit ofPodocarpus neriifolius 32 Image 4.11: Stem ofPodocarpus neriifolius………………………………………………… 32 Image 4.12: Regeneration of Podocarpus neriifolius D Don 33 INTRODUCTION Vietnam is one of the top biodiversity hotspots around the world, but in recent years biodiversity resources are overexploited and devastated Accordingly conservation of biodiversity is anurgent requirement in our country today Hoang Lien National Park is located in Lao Cai province, Vietnam and was established in July 2002 based on transforming Hoang Lien Sa Pa nature reserve to Hoang Lien national park The national park has a special location in Vietnam, with the Hoang Lien Son mountain range is an extension of the Ailao Shan mountains of China, originates from the Himalayas Hoang Lien National Park is located in the east of the Hoang Lien mountain range, which includes most of the peaks with an elevation of over 1,000 meters, including the Fansipan peak as high as 3143m compared to sea level, it is like the roof of the East Ocean in general and Vietnam in particular At the same time the Hoang Lien Mountains is a place of the two sub-regional interference temperate and subtropical high mountain Accordingly, scientists identified Hoang Lien National Park as one of the centers of biodiversity in Vietnam, where many rare and endemic species listed in the Vietnam Red Book and world red bookoccur As for flora system, there exist here over 2,000 species of plants species Of them 66 species are recorded in Vietnam data Red Book Besides a rich forest flora, the fauna system is also diversifying with 66 species of mammals, popularly such as black gibbon, silver cheek langurs, 347 species of bird, 41 amphibians and 61 reptile species In recent times, although the government, relevant agencies, as well as local ethnic people in the area have been trying to protect forests and biodiversity, However, due to many different causes and missing effective solutions plant resources in general and plant seeds in particular ceiling industry here still devastated heavily Some species have ahigh economic value or special uses are often the major risk for species More service deal with the forest burning often occurs and especially the evils of exploitation and trafficking of natural resources illegally in large numbers still takes place and did the serious decline in number as well as the place where species occur Accordingly, research issues for conservation of the species of Gymnosperms is essential, not only for scientific reasons but also for practical issues From the above practices I conduct the research topics "Conservation of threatened species in Hoang lien National Park, Lao Cai province" with the desired contribution that this rare genetic resources is conserved not only in this region, but also in Vietnam and in the world Chapter I RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1.1 Conservation of useful plant resource in the world In 1988, the international consultation of useful wild plant conservation was held in Chiang Mai, Thailand with the participation of 24 medical and plants conservation experts from 16 nations belonging to different regions in the world (except for Australia and South America) "Chiang Mai Declaration" was born, highly appreciated the importance of useful wild plants in primary health care, economic value and potential of plants in finding new foods and medicines Simultaneously alarming about the loss of plant diversity and the world's cultures can affect the seeking of useful wild plants which brings global benefits In order to conserve biodiversity resources as well as create and maintain collaborative relationships, protection of national interests in the preservation and development of biodiversity resources, global conventions were signed which are Convention of Biodiversity (CBD), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the Ramsa Convention on the protection of wetlands and migratory birds With the CBD, this was the first transfer of biological resources from a common heritage of humanity into national assets However, the conservation of biodiversity (in which includes useful wild plants) are facing dual challenges which are: (i) the challenges of biodiversity conservation itself, ( ii) protection of traditional knowledge about the use of resources from the commercial exploitation within the country as well as international, (iii) the development of products from biodiversity and community knowledge copyrights * Research and develop growing useful wild plants include: (i) establishing useful wild plant nurseries, (ii) improved agronomic of useful wild plant species which are in need but have not been planted before, (iii) the selection of purebred useful wild plant varieties useful with high productivity and quality, (iv) restricting the use of chemicals in the useful wild plants growing, ( v) training and providing information on cultivation techniques of growing useful wild plants, especially for the community Improved harvesting techniques, storage, use and production of goods * Research on knowledge of using traditional plants in health care of the community,in which ethnographic plants play an important role Content of the activities includes: (i) defining and supporting an organization to plan, coordinate and conduct investigations on ethnographic plants, (ii) conducting investigation of using medicinal plants on a national scale with a multidisciplinary research team, and participation of people who actually practice traditional medicine in the local, (iii) classifying and analyzing data on ethnographic plants through investigation programs, (iv) proposing the traditional remedies have been proven in the primary health care programs of the country, (v) establishment an organization of traditional health practitioners at the national level to participate in wellness activities Useful wild plant resources must be used in a sustainable, safe way, through the mechanism: (i) State regulates the collecting and exploiting useful wild plants activities from the wild, (ii) prohibiting harvesting of threatened useful wild plant species, (except the propagating material collected in small amounts, in a way that does not endanger useful wild plant species) (iii) controlling the trade of useful wild plants and its products 1.2 Conservation of plant resources in Vietnam The Government of Vietnam has early realized the importance of protecting nature by issuing many laws and policies to protect nature and the environment, such as forest protection ordinance (1972), Conservation Strategy (1985), the national Plan on environment and sustainable development 1991- 2000 period (1991), the period 2000- 2020, Law on Forest Protection and Development, Biodiversity Law and many other decrees and decisions These are important legal instruments for the conservation and development of natural resources in general and useful wild plant resource in Vietnam At a workshop on "Building networks between organizations working on the fields related to useful wild plant resource", the members of the conservation group has proposed an action plan focusing on the research activities of biodiversity, ecological conditions, identifying threats, priority species for conservation, policy and legislation issues, training and capacity improvement and researching on the patternsitu conservation by the establishment of protected areas, the National Park Besides, the situ conservation has been concerned and implemented such as: the scheme "Saving genetic resources, medicinal plants and essential oil medicine plant varieties" (hosted by the Institute of Medicine) was approved and has been conducted from 1988 until now with the participation of 14 national units, agencies A network of agencies was established, working on protection of genetic sources and useful wild plant varieties in 11 scientific centers with 250 species which have been conserved, supervised, evaluated and then its varieties are provided for research, production purposes The scheme has proposed 500 useful wild plant species to be priority for conservation for the 2001-2005 period There have been 12 species of wild plants used for food and medicinal functions, those plants are rare, in danger of extinction in the different levels, be researched in biological studies and planted in trial, With 7/17 species making up 41.2% total endangered, rare plant species, 18/83 species accounting for 21.6% total endangered, rare animal species, it is certainty that Hoang Lien National Park is the most diverse repository of genetic resources of rare plants, animals of Vietnam In Vietnam, the use of useful plants is attached to the survival of the local communities who rely on forests In recent decades, traditional villages using useful wild plant materials or originated from them have been recovered and tended to develop rapidly Dẻ Gai 10 Hồi 11 Hồi Núi Cao 12 Hồng Quang Rhodoleia championii 13 Kháo Symplocos ferruguinea 14 Kiêu Hùng Calliandra hematocephala 15 16 17 18 Fagus Sylvatica Illicium Verum Hook Illicium griffithii Hook.f.et Thoms Lòng Trứng 1 1 lớn Sâm Thụ Dendropanax macrocarpus C to N Ho Sơn Trâm 1 Tô hạp Altingia chinensis (Benth.) Trung Hoa Oliv ex Hance 19 Trâm nhỏ 20 Trâm ổi Lantana camara 21 Trâm xanh Syzygium cumini Total m= 21 Formulation composition N= 37 1.35D+ 1.35Th+ 1.08ĐQ+ 0.81GĐ+ 0.81XL+ 0.54Cô Note: D: Castanea sativa Th: Acer rubrum ĐQ: Rhododendron simsii GĐ: Gò đồng XL: Eurya nitida Korth Cô: Elaeocarpus griffithii (Wight) A.Gray Reviews : From Table 4.4 we can see, of the 21 species of forest conditions average only species involved in forest composition are: Dẻ, Thích, đỗ qun, gị đồng, xúm lơng, cơm, remaining species Ki 100cm Num Num Proporti ber Proporti ber on(%) of on (%) of trees trees Prop ortion (%) 24 8,3 19,2 11,5 7,7 0 24 29,1 21 80,8 15 57,7 19,2 3,9 48 37,4 26 100 18 69,2 26,9 3,9 Aggregated survey results in the table above shows, density average regeneration Fokienia 1354 trees / ha; they regenerate quite good both inside and outside the tree canopy mother; in the form of a survey 48 plots only cell regeneration appears Fokienia with a total of 26 individuals While individuals in plots in canopy, 19.2% and 21 individuals in cell canopy outsideaccount 80.8% The reproduction individuals life is not high, poor outlook (the number of regeneration focus is new trees 30 seedlings through stages, size m in height) - The possibility of natural regeneration from seeds and shoot: The survey results show that in the wild not see Fokienia with shoot regeneration, a number of trees were felled Fokienia not see buds grow, tree regeneration that Fokienia full investigation is regeneration seeds 4.2.3 Thông tre - (Podocarpus neriifolius D Don) - Scientific name: Podocarpus neriifolius D Don - Familia: Kim giao (Podocarpaceae) Missed tree, 25 meters high with a diameter at breast height to 1m; standing trees, round body, with widespread approval; bark brown, thin and wiry, plaque dissection; leaves are ways, often curved, long - 15 cm and cm in width (young leaves can be up to 20cm), midrib prominent on both sides, the top leaves are usually pointed Other analyzed original hats Single grain structure, long-stemmed - cm, 10mm diameter substrates, the original flat, bracts at the base, purple red when ripe, red beads around pink section when ripe Male cones solitary or clusters 2-3 axillary, usually sessile and up to cm; seeds ovate, to 1.5 cm long with a rounded or pointed Image 4.9: Thông tre- Podocarpus neriifolius D Don 31 Image 4.10: Fruit ofPodocarpus neriifolius Image 4.11: Stem ofPodocarpus neriifolius a) Distribution Characteristics The survey results showed podocarps (Podocarpus neriifolius) are relatively specieswide distribution throughout the region Through investigation caught podocarps in 6/8 transects Seo Mi Ty (sub-zones 280, 282), Suoi Thau and Thang temple Podocarpus neriifolius often grows primarily in the eastern ridge and north of these areas, on steep limestone slopes and well-drained slope from 80-300, less distributed on the mountain peak Podocarps common at elevations between 1,300 - 1.900m compared to sea level Individual largest bamboo D1.3 = 21cm, Hvn = 19m b) Ecological characteristics: Thông tre (Podocarpus neriifolius) grows in widely dispersed areas of Seo Mi Ty, Dền Thàng, Suoi Thau of Hoang Lien National Park In the study area, podocarps often grows mixed with some species, such as: Pơ mu (Fokienia hodginsii), Chẹo Ấn Độ (Engelhardtia roxburghiana), Dẻ trắng (Lithocarpus dealbatus), Óc tốt (Ostodes paniculata), Sơn liễu faber (Clethra faberi), Tô hạp Trung Hoa (Altingia chinensis), Côm lông xám (Elaeocarpus griseo - puberulus)… Shrub vegetation such as: Cỏ tre, Sặt, Mộc xỉ sapa, Cà ri to thuộc họ Hoà thảo (Poaceae), họ Mộc xỉ (Dryopteridaceae), with a high coverage rate of about 40-50% and growth is relatively well 32 c) Regeneration capacity: - Regeneration by transect Conducted synthesis and processing survey data regeneration caught at transects, the results are summarized in Table 4.7: Table 4.7 Regeneration of Podocarpus neriifolius by transect Unit: tree Transect Hvn(cm) Transect of species 100 Total Quantity 42 15 17 74 Proportion (%) 100 75 56,7 20,3 23,0 100,0 Through the survey results show that species podocarps regenerate naturally good at all levels height In that period the number of seedlings accounted for most (42 plants, accounting for 56.7%), density regeneration by transect is 1,385 plants / Through interviews with people close to this area, we learned that some people were exploiting the big trees to shoots and exploit shoots trees have beautiful foliage to ornamental This shows podocarps here are very strong influenced by humans Therefore, the proposed conservation measures appropriate to this species are essential today Image 4.12: Regeneration of Podocarpus neriifolius D Don 33 - Regeneration composition, accompanied species: Suitable for species composition accompanied in floors tall trees, regeneration of species associated with Thông tre such as: Pơ mu (Fokienia hodginsii), Dẻ trắng (Lithocarpus dealbatus), Óc tốt (Ostodes paniculata), Sơn liễu faber (Clethra faberi), Tô hạp Trung Hoa (Altingia chinensis),… - The distance to the original mother plant regeneration: so the number of individuals podocarps mature research area (Seo Mi Ty, Suoi Thau and Den Thang) insufficient should not proceed to establish plots survey form research surrounding regeneration origin (inside canopy and outside canopy) - The possibility of natural regeneration from seeds and shoot: The survey results show that in the natural views including regeneration bamboo shoots and seeds regeneration Particular, they regeneration around trees shoots mother (already exploited) are strong and grow well 4.3 Propose some conservation measures: Animal resources, plants, especially the endangered species, rare are threatened serious and increasingly lost the rich diversity of species composition as well as the number of individuals due to pressure from population growth of ethnic minorities living in the core zone and buffer zone in Hoang Lien National Park, the pressure from climate change, situation of illegal forest exploitation, shifting cultivation and forest fires All of these factors lead to the risk of decline in the number of species in the wild Therefore, in recent years the Hoang Lien National Park has been actively implementing the management and conservation of animals, plants, endangered, rare protected precedence: - In-Situ conservation:  Preserve intact populations of Van Sam Fansipan, Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng  Restricting the people in forest harvesting and trafficking these species 34  Enhance people's awareness for the conservation and development of rare plant species 4.3.1 Advantages and disadvantages of process management and conservation of some endangered species, rare plant protection be prioritized a) Advantages: - Mechanisms and policies for management, conservation and development of species of animals and plants of endangered, rare are interested by goverment; - The close collaboration between the government and the people in the management and conservation of the species of animals and plants of endangered, rare and protected precedence; - Propaganda and education are promoted, contributing to raising the awareness of the people b) Disadvantages: - Because these plants have high economic value along with the life of people living in the core zone and buffer zone of the park was facing many difficulties to situations of exploitation, illegal trafficking is still occurring - Due to the complex management areas, causing difficulties in conservation work on site - Despite research, successful in ex-situ conservation of some species, but Currently there is no mechanism and policies for the conservation and development of genetic resources in a sustainable way 35 Chapter V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATIONS 5.1 Conclusion Topics have been research on morphological characteristics, ecology, distribution and natural regeneration capacity of three species in Hoang Lien National Park: Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry et Thomas, Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don and Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng Focus area distributed the most number of species is Cat Cat, Ta Van; areas with large individual size is Cat Cat, Phansipan Pơ mu (Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A Henry & H Thomas.): In the study area, Fokienia regenerative quantity quite good, they distributed from 1.500m to 1.800m height of the sub-zone 292, 267, 301 and 302 in the region Cat Cat and Sin Chai Thông tre (Podocarpus neriifolius D Don): caught at 6/8 survey transects in Seo Mi Ty (sub-zones 280, 282), Thang temple and Thâu stream; distribution from 1,700 m altitude to 1.850m Podocarpus neriifolius have the ability to regenerate seeds and shoots very well, distributed evenly in height levels, they develop and grow well Tam thất hoang (Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng) has not been well protected, still being exploited, trafficked illegally by people Incubator has successfully breeding species of Panax stipuleanatus and grown in nurseries of Hoang Lien National Park Topic was the solution proposed conservation and development of threatend species in general and three research species in paticular in Hoang Lien National Park 5.2 Recommendations - Continue to investigate, research, comprehensive assessment of threatened species, continue to collect specimens and fuller expertise - Additional lines and the plots to research all types of topographies , the forest condition where the distribution of plant - Conduct research and planting cuttings in the study area in order to propose solutions to more effective conservation 36 REFERENCES Nguyen Nghia Thin, Daniel Harder (1996), Plant Diversity in Fansipan - Vietnam's highest mountain Andrew T, Steven Sw, Mark G and Hanna S (1999) Hoang Lien Nature Reserve, Investigating biodiversity and conservation values Nguyen Quoc Tri (2007), diversity of plant and plant transformation by elevation in Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai Province Phan Luong (2005), Biodiversity in Hoang Lien Son, part 2: The flora of Hoang Lien Son Nguyen Nghia Thin (2008), Biodiversity in Hoang Lien National Park Trinh Van Duc (2015), Conservation of Pinophyta in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, Son La province Nguyen Tien Ban (Ed) 2007 Red data book of Vietnam Vol Science and Techniques Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam Farjon, A 2010 A Handbook of the World's Conifers Koninklijke Brill, Leiden Government of Vietnam 2006 Decree NO 32/2006lND-CP Management of endangered, precious and rare forest plants and animals Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi 10 Moller, M.M., Gao, L.M., Mill, R.R., Li, D.Z., Hollingsworth, M.L & Gibby, M 2007 Morphometric analysis of the Taxus wallichiana-complex based on herbarium material Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 155: 307-355 11 Nguyen, T.H., Phan, K.L., Nguyen, D.T.L.,Thomas, P.I., Farjon, A., Averyanov, L & Regalado Jr., J 2004 Vietnam Conifers: Fauna & Flora International, Vietnam, Hanoi 12 The IUCN species survival Commission, 2015 IUCN Red List of Threatened speciesTM, International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Nature Resources 13 Hoang Van Sam, Nguyen Trong Quyen 2013 Diversity and conservation status of Gymnosperm in Pha Phang forest, Thanh Hoa province Journal of Agricultural and Rural Development No 5: 88-93 37 Some pictures fieldwork (1) (2) Image & 2: Standard plot Image 3: Pơ mu (Fokienia hodginsii) 100 years old 38 (4) (5) Image (4) and (5): Hamlet of H’ mong in Sin Chai 39