Current status and use of medicinal plants in buffer zone of hoang lien national park

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY STUDENT THESIS CURRENT STATUS AND USE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN BUFFER ZONE OF HOANG LIEN NATIONAL PARK Major : Natural Resource Management Code: D850101 Faculty : Forest Resource and Environment Management Student: Nguyen Kieu Linh Student ID: 1154031263 Class: K57 Natural Resources Management Course: 2012 – 2016 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Dr Pham Minh Toai Ha Noi, 2016 ACKNOWLEDGENTS The completion of this thesis involves several people, who in their own special way, shared their time, efforts and knowledge for the success of this undertaking I would like to express my deep appreciation to my thesis advisor, Dr Pham Minh Toai for encouragement and guidance in my study I also would like to thank the teachers in Vietnam National Forestry University who have imparted us the knowledge to perform this topic I would like to express my grateful to Management Board of Hoang Lien National Park in Sapa district, Lao Cai province along with officers of People Committee at different levels for their support and warm encouragement throughout the conduct of the study I also would like to express my gratitude to village heads and villagers of buffer zone in Hoang Lien National Park for their kind help during my stay in each village, especially house-holds sampled and key informants in which provided me valuable time and information needed for my study During the topic implementing process, although I had a lot of my own efforts, my research is inevitable to meet shortcomings because of limit time and professional qualifications I look forward to receive some comments of teachers for our subject more perfect I sincerely thank you! Hanoi, October 3nd, 2016 Student Nguyen Kieu Linh LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS HLNP NTFPs Hoang Lien National Park Non-timber forest products IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature WHO World Health Organization TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS TABLE OF CONTENT LIS OF TABLES LIS OF FIGURES CHAPTER INTRODUCTION CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Concept of medicinal plants 2.2 History research on medicinal plants in Vietnam 2.3 The values of medicinal plants CHAPTER OBJECTIVES AND METHODS 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Study methods 3.2.1 Secondary data collection 3.2.2 Field survey 3.2.3 Transect method 3.2.4 Sample plots investigation 3.2.5 Method of collecting, processing and sorting specimens CHAPTER RESEARCH AREA 4.1 Natural conditions 4.1.1 Geographic location 4.1.2 Topography 10 4.1.3 Geology and soil 11 4.1.4 Climate 11 4.1.5 Hydrology 12 4.1.6 Biodiversity values 12 4.2 Social-economic conditions 14 4.3 Natural conditions 15 4.4 Population and employment 16 4.5 Education 17 4.6 Agricultural production 18 4.7 Health care 19 4.8 Different the livelihood between H‟mong and Red Dao ethnic in Ta Phin commune 19 CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 21 5.1 Diversity of medicinal plant 21 5.2 The source of medicinal plants 23 5.3 Diversity of life forms 25 5.4 Different parts of plant treat different diseases 26 5.5 Diseases treated with medicinal plants 27 5.6 Methods of using the medicinal plant 28 5.7 The knowledge of Red Dao ethnic 29 5.8 Conversation of medicinal plants in Ta Phin commune 30 CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 31 6.1 Conclusion 31 6.2 Recommendation 31 REFERENCES APPENDIX LIS OF TABLES Table 3.1 Field data sheet used to collect information Table 3.2 Field data sheet used to collect information Table 4.1 Distribution taxons in plylums 12 Table 4.2 List of medicinal plants capable of exploitation in HLNP 13 Table 4.3 Land characteristics in Ta Phin commune 15 Table 4.4 Distribute types of ethnic in Ta Phin commune 16 Table 4.5 Crops area 18 Table 5.1 List of medicinal species distribution in families 21 Table 5.2 List of medicinal plants capable of exploitation in buffer zone of HLNP 22 Table 5.3 Distribution of medicinal plant species 23 Table 5.4 List species in red book data 24 Table 5.5 List of life forms of medicinal plants species in buffer zone of HLNP 25 Table 5.6 Percentage of part used 27 Table 5.7 List of family and plant species used for different diseases by Red Dao ethnic in Ta Phin commune 28 Table 5.8 Percentage of gender and age level of Red Dao minority in Ta Phin commune harvesting medicinal plants 29 LIS OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Transect method Figure 4.1 Administrative map of Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai province 10 Figure 4.2 Percentage of land use in Ta Phin commune 16 Figure 4.3 Distribution of respondents by education 18 Figure 4.4 Different the livelihood between H‟mong and Red Dao ethnic in Ta Phin commune 20 Figure 5.1 Diversity of distribution 23 Figure 5.2 Percentage of life forms of medicinal plants species was used in Ta Phin commune 26 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Vietnam is a tropical country rich with enormous potential resources of medicinal plants According to statistics of IUCN, 2006, "Access to genetic resources and benefitsharing" (of the International Union for Conservation of Nature – IUCN, 2006), Vietnam has nearly 4,000 species of higher and lower levels which are used as drugs, they are widely distributed throughout the country Hoang Lien National Park is located in Lao Cai province the northwest part of the country with an average altitude of more than 1500m above sea level where there is a favorable climate for developing of the pharmaceutical industry with the number of specific species accounts for ¼ in total endemic species of Vietnam, about 754 medicinal species plants The region has six ethnic groups, Dao and H'mong majority ethnic groups have experience in using medicinal plants In many ethnic communities in mountainous regions, beside the main traditional form of common drugs such as decoction, alcohol, drugs, poultices bunch, etc Dao people also use drugs to spa It is about 10 to 120 medicinal herbs are used for caring health and healing since ancient times The traditional beauty medicine of Dao ethnic in Vietnam called herbal spa (Vietnamese is “Đìa dảo xin”) is not only from the Red Dao in Sapa, but also from other Dao ethnic groups In the Dao‟s community, most of the member family know herbs spa However, Dao‟s women often know more about where and how to exploit resources sustainability in order to use for long term Valuable medicinal resources will bring not only the medical value but also the main income of almost Dao‟s households Due to limited awareness of the ethnic minorities as well as no strict management policies, type of mining naturally is usually massive exploitation, making up everyone, especially the buffer zone of the Hoang Lien National Park in Sapa town, Lao Cai province This valuable resource is gradually depleted and at risk of extinction Other sides, many medicinal plants face extinction or severe genetic loss, but detail information is lacking Therefore, investigating the use of medicinal plants is very important It contributes to the conservation and development of medicinal plants, as well as information provision to serve local people and contribute to the preservation of experience using the valuable medicinal plants Facing urgent requirement, I have conducted research the subject: " Status and use of medicinal plants in buffer zone of Hoang Lien National Park."  Compile and publish a book on: medicinal herbs in HLNP and Remedies of the Dao ethnic minority people in the area for improved awareness on the need of preservation and sustainable utilization  Sharing workshop on preservation and development of medicinal herb preservation and development  Detailed population monitoring of rare species and species with unclear conservation status by scientific and expert studies;  Enhancing research, survey about biodiversity of medicinal plant species 32 REFERENCES Ban, N.T (ed.) (2007) Red data book of Vietnam Vol Science and Techniques Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam (in Vietnamese) Chi, V.V (1996) The dictionary of medicinal plants of Vietnam Medical Publishing House, Hanoi Duc L.T (1997) Medicinal plants in Vietnam, harvesting and processing initial treatment Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi Hamilton Alan C.,(2003), ‘Medicinal plants, conservation and livelihoods’ Hanoi Department of Health, n.d: Propose solutions to develop pharmaceutical drug production [online] Available at: [Accessed September 2016] IUCN (2006) The Red list of Threatened Species Available from http://www.redlist.org/info/tables/table6a Loi, D.T (1995) Medicinal trees and medicaments of Vietnam 7th ed Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi National Institute of Medicinal Materials (NIMM), n.d, Solution conserving medicinal materials [online] Available at: [Accessed September 2016] Nguyen Nghia Thin (2008), Biodiversity in Hoang Lien National Park 10 Sam.H.V, 2010 The Ruffor Small Grants Foundation ‘Indigenus knowledge of Muong and Dao ethic minority groups in Ba Vi National Park, Vietnam’ 11.Luong P (2005), Biodiversity in Hoang Lien Son, part 2: The flora of Hoang Lien Son 12.Van N.D.N, Tap N 2008 Greater Mekong Programme „An overview of the use of plants and animals in traditional medicine systems in Vietnam‟ TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Hanoi 13 Vietnam botany database, n.d, Botany database [online] Available at: [Accessed September 2016] 14.WHO Regional Publications, 1998, „Guidelines for the Appropriate use of Herbal Medicines‟ APPENDIX List of questions for concessionaire Date: Address: Interviewees: Age: Sex: Ethnic: Major occupation : Language used daily: Do you exploit medicinal plants in forest? If any listed a few medicinal plants you often exploited Characteristics ( morphological, biological Name of species Use characteristics, topography, etc.) - Description of the income from the production of products or the exploited products - Policy of economic support livelihood that families receive - The awareness of people in the use of natural resources Note APPENDIX 02 List of family and plant species used for different diseases by Red Dao ethnic in Ta Phin commune No Diseases treated Bone fracture Red Dao name Vietnamese name Cỏ xước Achyranthes aspera L Amaranthaceae Tắc kè đá Tắc kè đá Drynaria fortunei J.Sm Dennstaediaceae Đìa địi sli‟ Củ dịm Phàn tho đẻng Ngũ gia bì Hùng tỉa gàm Dây đau xương Chàm mèo Cầm chinh Stephania dielsiana Y.C Wu Menispermaceae Schefflera heptaphylla Menispermaceae Tinospora sinensis Merr Menispermaceae Strobilanthe cusia (nees.) O.Kuntze Acanthaceae Actinidia sp Acaraceae Gụng xuy Begonia sp Basellaceae Puồng đìa Clematis buchananii Chloranthaceae Combretum sp Combretaceae Derris sp Dennstaediaceae Eurya Nitida Korth Theaceae Gnetum montanum Gletaceae Lasianthus Rubiaceae m'hây Đìa buồng giăng Ngồng uân m'hây Spa Family Kèng pầy lẹng Pù chặt mau Science name Mà gài khăng Súm Đẻng mui m'hây Chè gai xiết đẻng Sú hương Uncaria rhynchophylla Gim tỉu Câu đằng Tà chèm đẻng Màng tang Litsea cubeba Ráy leo Rhaphidophora rách Decursiva (Roxb.) Đìa bay (Miq) Jack Rubiaceae Lauraceae Araceae Đìa giản Sabia Thanh phong chụm fasciculata Lecomte ex Sabiaceae L Chen Sambucus Tùng jè Cơm cháy javanica Reinw ex Sambucaceae Blume Muổi mung Fever Nam sa sâm Adenophora Campanulaceae Bước bạc Mussaenda Rehderiana Rubiaceae Phàn hạ m'hây Dichroa ferruginosa Dichapetalaceae Đìa chụt Aeschynanthus sp Adiantaceae Puồng đìa Clematis buchananii Chloranthaceae Combretum sp Combretaceae Chè omia Gynura aurantiaca Asteraceae Nụ đinh Luculia Pinceana Rubiaceae Alpinia sp Zingiberaceae piêu Chà kình đẻng For pregnant Đìa buồng giăng Kèng pi đẻng L'cọ giản Stomachache Khôi Đìa phìu hỏa Hoa tiên Jàng mểu cơng Dạ cẩm Dysentery Sài đìa pi Detoxicate Khìng púa pẹ Tập giằng Snakebite Boil khấu Đìa dhàn phản Thổ hương m'hây Ardisia sylvestris Pitard Asarum glabrum Merr Hedyotis capitellata Wall Long nha Myrsinaceae Aristolochiaceae Rubiaceae Agrimonia pilosa Rosaceae Mâm xôi Robus alceaefolius Poir Rosaceae Chua ngút Embelia ribes Burm.f Myrsinaceae thảo Sarcandra glabra Chà kềm Sói rừng Chần tải trà Đơn rừng Maesa sp Myrsinaceae Xạ đen Xạ đen Ehretia asperula Zoll Dichapetalaceae Vàng tằng Hoàng đằng Fibraurea tinctoria Menispermaceae (Thunb.) Nakai Chloranthaceae Lour Bùm bong bịa Cườm đỏ Itoa orientalis Hemsl Flacourtiaceae Lày mày im Bồ công anh Lactuca indica L Asteraceae Oxyspora paniculata Oxalidaceae Gục xăng Gục xuy 10 Skin-disease 11 Wounds Là ngoại 13 14 15 16 17 Sores, itches Cough Arthritis Sore eyes Chill Rheumatism tự tán Hà thủ ô đỏ Thanh hao hoa vàng Đìa tân Là cổ đẻng 12 Sắc tử chùm Lẹo trắng Mìa ìm bọt Polygonum multiflorum Thunb Artemisia annua L Asteraceae Blumea sp Blechnaceae Clerodendron paniculatum L Blumea sp Phù quẩy tập Đậu chiều Nhải piu Cốt rắn Mạch môn Mạch môn Rạt tồng mia Chua me đất Tầm kha m‟hây Cốt khí củ Pà mà đẻng Tử châu đỏ Xìa pan Thài lài Đèng pạm Ba chạc Đìa siêu Vú bị Polygonaceae Cajanus cajan (L.,) Millsp Nephrolepis Cordifolia Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker - Gawb Oxalis corniculata L Polygonum cuspidatum Sieh Znce Calliarpa rubella Lindl Commelina communis L Euodia lepta (Spreing) Merr Ficus simplicissima Lour Verbenaceae Blechnaceae Fabaceae Davalliaceae Haemodoraceae Oxalidaceae Polygonaceae Verbenaceae Commelinaceae Rutaceae Moraceae Đèng tập Cassia floribunda Caryophyllaceae Nòm giang Curculigo sp Cupressaceae Gồng lại mịa Kinh giới Elsholtzia cristata Lamiaceae Mù puồng xí Thầu dầu tía Ricinus communis L Euphorbiacae Ba kích Ba kích Morinda officinalis Rubiaceae How 18 Colic Đẻng seng 19 Apoplexy Hương nhu 20 Blister Gục xăng 21 Earache Hả mia 22 Sedative Gàm chụa 23 Tonic Hoàn ngọc Hương nhu Sắc tử chùm tự tán Lạc tiên Ba gạc bốn Helixanthera ligustrina Loranthaceae Ocimum sanctum L Lamiaceae Oxyspora paniculata Oxalidaceae Passiflora foetida L Passifloraceae Rauvolfia tetraphylla L Apocynaceae Hoàn ngọc Pseuderanthemum trắng palatiferum Radlk Kim ngân rừng Lonicera bournei Hemsl ex Forb & Hemsl Acanthaceae Caprifoliaceae APPENDIX 03 List of medicinal plant in Ta Phin commune W: Wood S: Shrub H: Herb L: Liana Life form W: Wild Wild/Cultivated: C: Cultivated Name Scientific name Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L Acaraceae Vietnamese Dao name name Life Wild/ form Cultivated Part used Presciptions Họ Rau dền Kèng Cỏ xước pầy Bone H W Whole plant L W Leaves Spa H W Leaves, root Fever lẹng fractures Họ Phong Cầm Actinidia sp chinh m'hây Campanulaceae Họ Hoa chuông Muổi Adenophora Nam sa sâm mung piêu Adiantaceae Họ Nguyệt xỉ Gaining Aeschynanthus sp Đìa chụt H W Leaves weight, soup for pregnant women Zingiberaceae Alpinia sp Họ Gừng Thổ hương L'cọ khấu giản Rosaceae Họ Hoa hồng Agrimonia pilosa Long nha thảo Robus alceaefolius Poir Myrsinaceae Ardisia sylvestris Pitard Embelia ribes Burm.f Mâm xôi Khôi Basellaceae Chua ngút dhàn giằng Chần tải trà Thanh hao hoa Là vàng ngoại Dysentery H W Root, sterm Detoxicate S W Leaves, root L W S W Leaves Boil H W Leaves Skin-disease H W,C Leaves, root L W H W Leaves Wounds H W Leaves Sores, itches ache Fruit, root, leaves Stomach ache Snakebite Họ Nam Mộc Hương Đìa Hoa tiên phìu hỏa Stomach ache Họ mồng tơi Gụng xuy Leaves, sterm Spa Bộ dương xỉ Đìa tân Blumea sp Mìa ìm Blumea sp Fabaceae Whole plant m'hây Begonia sp Blechnaceae W Tập Họ Cúc Merr púa pẹ H phản Asteraceae Asarum glabrum Khìng Fruit, flower Đìa Đơn rừng Aristolochiaceae pi W Họ đơn nem Maesa sp Artemisia annua L Sài đìa Stomach H bọt Họ Đậu Cajanus cajan (L.,) Millsp Verbenaceae Calliarpa rubella Lindl Clerodendron paniculatum L Caryophyllaceae Phù Đậu chiều W S W Whole plant Arthritis S W Whole plant Wounds H W Leaves Sore eyes Tử châu đỏ Lẹo trắng Pà mà đẻng Là cổ đẻng chướng Đèng tập Họ Hoa sói Puồng đìa Spa for H W women buồng S W giăng Cupressaceae Leaves, sterm Spa for postpartum women Họ Thài lài Thài lài Xìa pan H W Leaves Arthritis S W Leaves Chill L W Leaves Spa H W Sterm, root Họ Hồng đàn Nịm Curculigo sp Dennstaediaceae postpartum Họ Trâm bầu Combretum sp communis L Whole plant Đìa Commelina Cough Họ Cẩm buchananii Commelinaceae seed,leaves Họ Tếch Clematis Combretaceae Root, S tập Cassia floribunda Chloranthaceae quẩy giang Họ Dương xỉ Ngồng Derris sp uân m'hây Drynaria fortunei J.Sm Dichapetalaceae Tắc kè đá Họ A tràng Tắc kè đá Bone fractures Phàn Dichroa hạ ferruginosa Boraginaceae Ehretia asperula Zoll Xạ đen Elsholtzia cristata Kinh giới Rutaceae Họ Cam Ba chạc Theaceae Họ Chè Eurya Nitida Korth Súm Menispermaceae Họ tiết dê Fibraurea recisa Pierre Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers Stephania dielsiana Y.C Wu Schefflera heptaphylla Tinospora sinensis Merr Moraceae Ficus simplicissima Lour Flacourtiaceae Itoa orientalis Hemsl Leaves,sterm Antipyretic W W Leaves Boil H W,C Whole plant Chill S W,C Leaves, root Arthritis W W H W H W Bulb H W Bulb S W/C H W S W Họ vịi voi Họ Hoa mơi (Spreing) Merr W m'hây Lamiaceae Euodia lepta L Hồng đằng Bình vơi Củ dòm Xạ đen Gồng lại mịa Đèng pạm Mà gài khăng Vàng tằng Đìa địi pẹ Đìa địi sli‟ Phàn Ngũ gia bì tho Pù chặt mau sterm Leaves, sterm,root Spa Boil Stomachache Bone fractures Leaves, Bone sterm,root fractures Leaves, Bone sterm fractures W Root Arthritis W Leaves Boil đẻng Dây đau xương Leaves, Họ Dâu tằm Vú bò Đìa siêu Họ Mùng quân Cườm đỏ Bùm bong 10 bịa Gletaceae Họ Dây gắm Đẻng Gnetum montanum mui L W m'hây Asteraceae Chè omia Lactuca indica L Bồ công anh Rubiaceae Họ Cà phê capitellata Wall Lày mày im H W H W H W S W S W H W S W H W H W S W Jàng Dạ cẩm mểu công Chè gai Lasianthus Xú hương xiết đẻng Luculia Pinceana Morinda officinalis How Mussaenda Rehderiana Nụ đinh Ba kích Kèng pi đẻng Ba kích Chà Bước bạc kình đẻng Uncaria rhynchophylla Câu đằng Gim tỉu (Miq) Jack Loranthaceae sterm Spa Họ Cúc Gynura aurantiaca Hedyotis Leaves, Leaves, sterm Leaves, sterm, root Leaves, sterm Leaves, sterm, root Leaves and root Root Leaves, flower Leaves, sterm For postpartum women Boil Stomachache Spa, cold Pregnant Rheumatism Fever Spa Họ Tầm gửi Helixanthera Đẻng ligustrina seng Lauraceae Họ Nguyệt quế Litsea cubeba Màng tang Tà Leaves, sterm Whole plant Colic Spa chèm đẻng Caprifoliaceae Họ Kim ngân Lonicera bournei Hemsl ex Kim ngân rừng H W Leaves Cool drink S W Whole plant Cough S C H W/C Root Cough H W Whole plant Cough S W Leaves Boil, blister H W Whole plant Earache H W Root Red boil L W Root Cough Forb & Hemsl Davalliaceae Nephrolepis Cordifolia Họ Cốt rắn Cốt rắn Lamiaceae Họ Bạc hà Ocimum sanctum L Hương nhu Haemodoraceae Họ Mạch môn Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Mạch môn Ker - Gawb Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata L Nhải piu Hương nhu Mạch môn Rạt Chua me đất tồng mia Oxyspora Sắc tử chùm tự Gục paniculata tán xăng Passifloraceae Họ Lạc tiên Polygonaceae Polygonum multiflorum Thunb Reynoutria japonica Houtt Apoplexy đất Họ Mua L except root Họ Chua me Oxalidaceae Passiflora foetida Whole plant Hả Lạc tiên mia Họ Rau răm Hà thủ ô đỏ Cốt khí củ Gục suy Tầm kha 12 m‟hây Apocynaceae Rauvolfia tetraphylla L Araceae Rhaphidophora Decursiva (Roxb.) Euphorbiacae Ricinus communis L Sabiaceae Sabia fasciculata Lecomte ex L Chen Sambucaceae Họ Trúc đào Ba gạc bốn Gàm chụa S W Root Sedative H W S W/C Sterm,root Chill S W Whole plant Spa S W Whole plant Spa S W Whole plant Snakebite S W Leaves S W Họ Ráy Ráy leo rách Đìa bay Root, sterm, leaves Spa Họ Thầu dầu Mù Thầu dầu tía puồng xí Họ Thanh phong Thanh phong Đìa chụm giản Họ Cơm cháy Sambucus javanica Reinw ex Cơm cháy Tùng jè Blume Chloranthaceae Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai Acanthaceae Strobilanthe cusia (nees.) O.Kuntze Họ Hoa sói Sói rừng Chà kềm Họ Ơ rơ Chàm mèo Hùng tỉa gàm Pseuderanthemum Hoàn ngọc Hoàn palatiferum Radlk trắng ngọc Leaves, sterm, root Bone fractures Tonic Some pictures fieldwork Image : Standard plot Image 3: Cơm cháy Image 2: Interview Image 4: Hoa tiên (Asarum glabrum Merr.) (Sambucus javanica Reinw ex Blume) 14