Conservation and development of medicinal plants in long sap commune, son la province

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY - - STUDENT THESIS CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN LONG SAP COMMUNE, SON LA PROVINCE Major : Natural Resource Management Code: D850101 Faculty : Forest Resource and Environment Management Student: Tran Ngoc Huyen Student ID: 1253091360 Class: K57 Natural Resources Management Course: 2012 – 2016 Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr Hoang Van Sam Ha Noi, 2016 ACKNOWLEDGENTS I would first like to thank my thesis advisor Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Van Sam at Vietnam National Forestry University The door to Assoc Prof Dr Sam office was always open whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my writing He consistently allowed this paper to be my own work, but steered me in the right the direction whenever he thought I needed it I would also like to thank the experts who were involved in the validation survey for this research project: the teacher in Viet Nam forestry university have imparted to us the knowledge to perform this topic Thanks Long Sap commune People‟s Commitee Moc Chau District- Son La, the Border Post of Long Sap International Border Gate of Vietnam, the Northwest Science Forest Center, the Forest Proctection Department of Son La and the healers of Long Sap commune has facilitated to help us complete this thread During the topic implementing process, even though I had a lot of effort, because of time and professional qualifications is limited, and the initial unfamiliarity acquainted with the actual work, so my research subject inevitable shortcomings I am looking forward to receive some comments of teachers for our subject more perfect Sincerely thank you! i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGENTS i LISTS OF TABLES AND CHARTS iv LIST OF ABBREVIATION v INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I OBJECTIVE, CONTENT 1.1.Objectives 1.2.Reseach contents 1.3.Scope: CHAPTER II METHOD OF RESEARCH 2.1 Inherited Methods 2.2 Method of external investigation 2.3 Method of investigation about medicinal plants diversity and the origin 2.4 Determination of the medicinal plant species at risk of extinction method 2.5 Method of investigation to make proposals for conservation and development of local medicinal plants as well as the knowledge to use them CHAPTER III OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH 3.1 International research 3.2 Research in Vietnam CHAPTER IV RESEARCH AREA 10 4.1 Natural condition 10 4.2 Residential situation 10 4.3 Customary practices 12 CHAPTER V: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 15 5.1 Diversity medicinal plant taxa 15 ii 5.2 Diversity about medical plant family 17 5.3 The source of medicinal plant 18 5.4 Diversity about life forms of medicinal plant 20 5.5 Different parts of plant treat different diseases 20 5.6 Conservation status 22 5.7 Diversity of function uses 23 5.8 The knowledge of local people 24 5.9 Method of using medicinal plant 26 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 28 6.1.Conclusion 28 6.2.Recommandation 28 APPENDIX I 30 APPENDIX II 40 REFERENCES iii LISTS OF TABLES AND CHARTS Table 1: Diversity of taxa 15 Table 2: Top 10 families with the highest number of medicinal species 16 Table 3: Comparing the medicinal plant system Long Sap commune with the medicinal plant system of Vietnam 17 Table 4: Ratio of top 10 families have highest species 18 Table 5: Life form of herbaceous medicinal plant in Long Sap Commune 20 Table 6: Diversity of parts used‟s medicinal plant in Long Sap commune 20 Table 7: Diversity of plant parts used drugs 21 Table 8: List species in red book data 22 Table 9: List of diseases 23 Table 10 : Distribution of survey respondents by age 25 Chart1: The source of meidicinal plant in Long Sap cummnune 19 Chart : Distribution of survey respondent by sex 25 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATION C Cultivated EN Endangered H Herb K Insufficiently known L Liana LC Least concern S Shurb T Threatened W Wood WHO World Health Organization Wi Wild v INTRODUCTION Vietnamese has 4000 years and more of history, there are many traditionals in building the country, fighting enemy and cutural development In this process we have many experiences in disease prevention and treatment to protect the health from natural wild medicinal plants Nowadays, although we got many sucess in modern medicine, traditional medecine has always existed and go abreast Vietnam is a tropical country, has the rich of vegetational cover with a variety of medicinal plants We have 54 ethnic goups live together, each goups has their own traditional culture and experience in heathy care Many precious medical plants and folklores in using traditional medicine of ethnic minorities, especially in northwest dosen‟t have many documents mention Futhermore, due to the impact of market economy, the develop of human, and the appearances of medicines which very easy to buy and use In other hands, the young people nowadays don‟t care about the experience of disease prevention and treatment by medicines and methods of previous generation So treasure of folk medicine knowledge in danger of being eroded The conservation and development of medicinal plants are imperative that our government has been very concerned From the base on I the thesis: “Conservation and development of medicinal plant in Long Sap commune, Son La province” Long Sap is a border commune in Son La province, the west border by Laos decent terrain, steep slopes, low temperature, high elevation above sea level Long Sap has climatic characteristics suitable for the growth and development of many types of plants Long Sap is a mountainous commune with poor facility They have only one health center and not have any pharmacy So local people usually use medical plant in healing and protect health in the guidance of staff‟s health center or healer( thầy lang) That is the reason why medicinal plant are appreciated in Long Sap commune In the 4th conference the VII central committee of the communist Party of Vietnam give resolution about the urgency of the problem of caring and protecting people‟s health, in which stating the problem should: “ combine closely modern medicine with traditional medicine, deploy robust research, applications and modernize traditional medicine, combining modern medicine, development of crops and livestock as drugs, equipment and facilities for the treatment and production of traditional medicines Urgently training staff and top experts in traditional medicine, increase investment and upgarde traditional medicine establishment, in order to make the best of facilitate the clinical development od traditional medicine, to meet the requirement of the strata CHAPTER I OBJECTIVE, CONTENT 1.1.Objectives -Conservation and development of medicinal plants in Long Sap, Son La province - Assessment the status of medicinal plants in Long Sap commune, Son La province - Understanding the indigenous knowledge on using medicinal plant in Long Sap commune, Son La province - Provide solution for conservation and development of medicinal plants in Long Sap, Son La province 1.2.Reseach contents - To study diversity of medicinal plant in Long Sap commune, Son La province - To study experience on using and processing of medicinal plant in the research area -Research on challenge and oppotunity for development of medicine plants in Long Sap commune -Propose solution to conserve and develop medicine plants diversity in Long Sap commune 1.3.Scope: 14 villages of Long Sap commune, Son La province: Phat hamlet, Bo Sap hamlet, Phieng Cai hamlet, Buoc Pat hamlet, Pha Nhen hamlet, A La hamlet, Pu Nhan hamlet, Co Chay hamlet, Hong Hua hamlet, Buoc Quang hamlet, Pha Don hamlet, A Ma hamlet, A Ma hamlet, Muong Bo hamlet CHAPTER II METHOD OF RESEARCH 2.1 Inherited Methods - The data on natural conditions, climate, hydrology, soil, topography, forest resources - Information and data on economic, condtions, social conditions 2.2 Method of external investigation Interview form 1: Questionnaires for local officials Investigations unit: Full name: Career: Regency: Age of people in commune Over 60 years old: 45-60 years old: 30-45 years old: 15-30 years old: Under 15 years old: Job specification of local people Agricultural: .% Handicraft: % Business: % Physic: .% How many people who participation of private medical treatment: Does Long Sap commune have traditional medicine association? Yes No Lam Ipomoea Aquatica Forssk Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lant Ipomoea Nil (L.) Roth miscarrige Detoxification Rau Muống H C Khoai Lang H W,C Bìm Bìm Lam Bìm Bìm Ba Thùy Tóc Tiên Dây L W Whole plant Leaves, root Seed L W Leaves Head ache L C,W Whole plant Febrifuge Họ Bàng Bàng W C,W Diuretic Quisqualis indica L Dây Giun W W Leaves, Seed, phloem Leaves, stem Crassulaceae Họ Thuốc bỏng Thuốc Bỏng H W,C Stem, leaves Detoxification Họ Bầu bí Bí Đao H C Peel Strangury Dưa Hấu L C Seed, Fruit, Peel Refresher, hypotension Dưa Bở H C Refresher Dưa Leo Bí đỏ L H C C Đài Hái W C,W Fruit, Seed Fruit Fruit, Seed Seed Bâù L C Fruit, seed Mướp Hương L C Mướp Đắng L C Gấc L C Whole plant Fruit, Flower, Root Seed Su Su L C Dưa Núi L W Ipomoea Triloba L Quamoclit Pennata (Lam.) Bojer (Ipoimoea quamoclit L.,) Combretaceae Terminalia catappa L Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers Cucurbitaceae Benincasa Hispida (Thunb.) Cogn Citrullus Lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum et Nakai (C vulgaris Schrad.) Cucumis Melo L Cucumis sativus L Cucurbita Maxima Duch Ex Lam Hodgsonia Macrocarpa Cogn Lagenaria Siceraria (Molina) Standl Luffa cylindrica (L.) M Roem Momordica Charantia L Momordica Cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng Sechium Edule (Jacq.) Sw Trichosanthes 33 Leaves, Fruit Leaves, Constipation Constipation Itches, Tooth ache Fever, rubella Refresher, tooth ache Antiseptic Refresher, tooth ache Galactopoietic Fever Mumps Febrifuge Fever cucumeroides (Ser.) Maxim Dilleniaceae Họ Sổ Chặc Chìu Tetracera scandens (L.) Merr Dicksoniaceae Họ Cẩu tích Cibotium Barometz (L.) Cây Cẩu Tích J Sm Dioscoreaceae Họ hoa sói Sói Rừng Sarcandra Glabra (Thunb.) Nakai Dilleniaceae Họ Sổ Bà Dillenia Indica L Sổ Bà stem L W Root Rheumatism H W Root, stem Rheumatism H W Whole plant Stomach ache W W Whole plant Malaria Họ Nhót Nhót Bắc Bộ S W Root Stomach ache Họ Thầu dầu Thẩu Tấu W W Root Tooth ache Dâu Da Đất W W,C Leaves Indigestion Bồ Cu vẽ Xương Rồng S H W W,C Root Stem Snake bite Tooth ache Cỏ Sữa H W Dysentery Euphorbia thymifolia Burm Glochidion velutinum Wight Homonoia riparia Lour Jatropha curcas L Phyllanthus urinaria L Cỏ Sữa Lá Nhỏ Bọt Ếch H W S W Whole, plant Whole, plant Root Rù Rì S W Root Dầu Mè Chó Đẻ W S W Stem Whole, plant Fabaceae Bauhinia Purpurea L Họ Đậu Móng Bị Đỏ W W,C W W,C Bauhinia Racemosa Lam Bauhinia Variegata L Móng Bị Chùm Móng Bị Sọc W W,C Bowringia Callicarpa Champ Delonix Regia (Boj ex Dây Bánh Nem Phượng S W Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus tonkinensis Serv Euphorbiaceae Aporosa mycrocalyx Hassk Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.* Breynia fleuryi Beille Euphorbia antiquorum L Euphorbia hirta L.* 34 Dysentery Tooth ache Flu, detoxification Kidney failure Sores Root, Flower Leave Flatulence Tonic W Root, leave, flower Root W,C Leave Dysentery Spot, rheumatism Fever, Hook.) Raf Dolichos Lablab L febrifugal Detoxfication Đậu Ván Trắng Đậu Tương Cam Thảo L C Seed H H C W,C Seed Root Xấu Hổ S W Củ Đậu L C Whole plant Root Tonic Stomach ache, spot Diuretic, analgesia Skin care Đậu Cô Ve L C Seed Diuretic Đậu Hà Lan Sắn Dây H L C C Seed Root Tonic Refresh Me rừng W W,C Snakebit Ricinus communis L Thầu Dầu S C Tamarindus Indica L Me W W,C Trifolium Repens L Cỏ Ba Lá H W,C Vigna Angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et Ohashi (Dolichos angularis Willd., Phaseolus angudaris (Willd.) W.F Wight) Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek var radiata (Phaseolus radiatus L.) Vigna Unguiculata (L., ) Walp subsp, Cylindrica (L.) Verdc Gnetaceae Gnetum montanum Markgraf Icacinaceae Gomphandra tonkinensis Gagnep Iridaceae Đậu Đỏ H C Fruit, leave, root Stem, bark Fruit, leave Whole plant Seed Đậu Xanh H C Seed Refresh, tonic Đậu Đen H C Seed Tonic Họ Dây Gắm Gắm L W Fruit Detoxification Họ thụ đào Béo Trắng W W Root Tonic H W Bulb Tonic, Indigestion H W Root, High blood Glycine Max (L.) Merr Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch Mimosa Pudica L Pachyrhizus Erosus (L.) Urb, (Dolichos Erosus L.), Pachyrhizus Angulatus Rích Phaseolus Vulgaris L Pisum Sativum L Pueraria thomsoni Benth Phyllanthus Emblica L Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Gagnep.* Lamiaceae Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Họ Sâm Đại Hành Sâm Đại Hành Họ Hoa mơi Tía Tơ Dại 35 Tonic Regurgitate Tonic Rheumatism, spot, tonic Poit Leonurus sibiricus L Ích Mẫu H W,C Ocimum basilicum L Lauraceae Húng Chó Họ Long nảo H C Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.* Màng Tang W W Leaves, stem Back pain, nervous debility Bời Lời Nhớt W W Bark, root Dysentery S W Root Stomach ache L C Stem, Root Rheumatism, desentery W W Seed Rheumatism S W Whole plant Arthritis Cối xay S W Dâm bụt S W,C Họ Tiết dê Lõi tiền L W Root Củ bình vơi L W Tuber Họ Dâu tằm Vả W W,C Root, leave Diuretic Đa Búp Đỏ W W,C Diuretic Ngái W W Cánh Nỏ W W Root, leave Root, leave, fruit Leave Dâu Tằm W C,W Leave, Fruit Insomnia H W H W,C Whole plant Fruit Diarrhoea, constipation Galactopoietic Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B Rob Leeaceae Leea rubra Blume Liliaceae Smilax Glabra Roxb Loganiaceae Strychnos Nux Vomica L Loranthaceae Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser Malvaceae Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Hibiscus rosa – sinensis L Menispermaceae Stephania longa Lour.* Stephania rotunda Lour.* Moraceae Ficus Auriculata Lour (F roxburghii Wall ex Miq.) Ficus Elastica Roxb ex Horn Ficus Hispida L f Ficus Subpyriformis Hook Et Arn Morus alba L Musaceae Musa Acuminata Colla Musa Spp Myrsinaceae Họ Gối hạc Gối Hạc Họ Hoa Loa Kèn Thổ Phục Linh Họ Mã Tiền Mã Tiền leaves Leaves, stem Leaves pressure, tonic Tonic Kidney failure Họ Tầm gửi Tầm gửi Họ Bông Họ Chuối Chuối Hột Rừng Chuối Họ Đơn nem 36 Leaves, fruit Leaves, stem Flu Sores Stomach ache Stomach ache, cold Febrifugal Infection S W Leaves Myrtaceae Eucalyptus exserta F.Muell Đơn Nem Núi Họ Sim Bạch Đàn W C Leaves Psidium guajava L Ổi W C Leaves Oleaceae Họ Hoa nhài Jasminum subtriplinerve DC A Vằng L W Leaves, root, Itches, tonic, galactagogue Orchidaceae Họ Phong Lan H W Leaves, stem Tonic H W Stem, leaves, root Malaria Dứa Dại S W Leaves Dứa S W Fruit, Root Maesa balansae Mez Corymborchis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Blume Oxalidaceae Lan Hiccups Colds, flu, head ache Diarrhea, dysentery Họ Chua me Oxalis corniculata L Chua me đất Pandanaceae Pandanus tectorius Parkinson* Pandanus tonkinensis Mart ex Stone* Passifloraceae Họ Dứa Họ Lạc tiên Passiflora foetida L Lạc Tiên L W Root, leaves, stem Piperaceae Piper betle L Họ Tiêu Trầu Không L C Leaves Piper lolot C.DC.* Lá Lốt H C Leaves Poaceae Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.* Polygonaceae Polygonum odoratum Lour Polypodiaceae Drynaria fortunei (Mett.) J Sm * Portulacaceae Họ Cỏ H C Whole plant Bone fractures H C Leaves Malaria H W Stem, root Tonic Sả Haemorrhage, Sunburn, Sunburn, Oedema Heart tonic, anodyne Wounds Tooth ache, tonic Họ Rau răm Rau răm Họ Dương xĩ Cốt toái bổ Họ Rau sam Portulaca oleracea L Rau sam H W Stem, leaves Tonic Rosaceae Docynia Indica (Wall.) Decne Fragaria Vesca L Họ Hoa Hồng Táo Mèo W W,C Fruit Digestible Dâu Tây H C Fruit Diuretic 37 Prunus Armeniaca L (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.) Prunus Salicina Lindl., 1830 Pyrus Pashia Buch Ham ex D Don Rosa Chinensis Jacq Rubus Alceaefolius Poir (R.moluccanus L) Rubiaceae Aidia Cochinchinensis Lour Canthium horridum Blume Hedyotis Capitellata Wall Ex G Don Var Mollis Pierre Ex Pit Ixora diversifolia Wall Morinda officinalis Haw.* Rutaceae Citrus Aurantifolia (Christm et Panzer) Swingle (C medica L var acida Hook.f.) Citrus Grandis - Citrus Grandis Euodia Lepta (Spreng.) Merr Glycosmis Citrifolia Mơ W W,C Fruit Cough Mận Hậu W W,C Diuretic Lê Rừng W W,C Whole plant Fruit Hoa Hồng Mâm Xôi S L C W Flower Fruit, leave Họ Cà Phê Chè Rừng W W Stem Găng gai S W Root Dạ Cẩm H W Stem Flower Mẫu đơn S W Leaves Ba Kích L w Root, Họ Cam Chanh W C Leave, Fruit Cough Bưởi W W,C Peel Ba Chạc W W,C Bưởi Bung W W Leave, Root Leave, Root Analgesia, cough Flu Refresh, detoxification Swell Refresh Pauludism Dyspnoea, wounds Diuretic, refresh, bone fracture Wounds High blood pressure Cough Sapindaceae Họ Bồ Hòn Allophylus macrodontus Merr Crossonephelis philippinensis (Radlk.) Leenh Saururaceae Houttuynia cordata Thunb Solanaceae Ngoại Mộc W W Bark Malaria Chua Khét W W Leaves, bark Dysentery Họ Diếp Cá Diếp Cá H W,C Whole plant Detoxification, prickly heat Họ Cà Daruta metel L Cà Độc Dược S W Solanum indicum L (S violaceum Ortega) Solanum procumbens Cà Dại Hoa Tím Cà leo S W L W 38 Leaves, root Whole plant Root Tooth ache Tooth ache Rheumatism Lour Sterculiaceae Pterospermum Heterophyllum Hance Scaphium Lychnophorum (Hance) Kost (Sterculia lychnophora Hance) Urticaceae Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich Debregaesia squamata King Verbenaceae Clerodendron Cyrtophyllum Turcz Clerodendrum Viscosum Vent Họ Chơm Lịng Mang W W Seed Rheumatism W W Seed Fever, sore eye, tooth ache Gai S C Root Gai rừng S W Root Họ Tếch Bọ Mẩy W W Leave Itches Bạch Đồng Nữ W W Stem Hypertension Verbena officinalis L Cỏ roi ngựa H W Leaves, root Dysentery Vitaceae Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep.* Tetrastigma Harmandii Planch Zingiberaceae Alpinia Officinarum Hance, Amomum villosum var xanthioides (Wall.) Hu & Chen Curcuma Zanthorrhiza Roxb Curcuma Zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe (Amomum zedoaria Berg.) Zingiber officinale (Willd.) Roscoe Họ Nho Nho rừng L C Leaves Bone fractures Dây Vác Rừng Họ Riềng Riềng L W Leaves Snakebit H W,C Sa Nhân H W,C Stem, Root Leave Relieve pain, keep warm Gastritis Nghệ Rễ Vàng Nghệ Đen H C,W H C Stem, Root Stem, Root Gall stone, stomach ache Uterine cancer Gừng H C Root Trachoma, cold Cây Lười Ươi Họ Gai 39 Risk of miscarriage Styptic, diuretic APPENDIX II List of medicinal plants family in Long Sap Commune No Family Vietnamese name Acanthaceae Họ Ơ rơ Agavaceae Họ Thùa Alliaceae Họ Hành Amaranthaceae Họ Dền Annonaceae Họ Na Anacardieceae Họ Xoài Apiaceae Họ Hoa tán Apocynaceae Họ Trúc đào Araceae Họ Ráy 10 Araliacea Họ Ngũ bì 11 Asclepiadaceae Họ Bơng tai 12 Asparagaceae Họ Tóc Tiên 13 Asteraceae Họ Cúc 14 Bignoniaceae Họ Đinh 15 Bombacaceae Họ Bông Gạo 16 Brassicaceae Họ Cải 17 Caesalpiniaceae Họ Vang 18 Caricaceae Họ Đu đủ 19 Connaraceae Họ Khế 20 Convolvulaceae Họ Khoai Lang 21 Combretaceae Họ Bàng 22 Crassulaceae Họ Thuốc Bỏng 23 Cucurbitaceae Họ Bầu Bí 12 24 Dilleniaceae Họ Sổ 25 Dicksoniaceae Họ Cẩu tích 26 Dioscoreaceae Họ Hoa Sói 27 Dilleniaceae Họ Sổ Bà 28 Elaeagnaceae Họ Nhót 29 Euphorbiaceae Họ Thầu dầu 11 30 Fabaceae Họ Đậu 19 31 Gnetaceae Họ Dây Gắm 32 Icacinaceae Họ Thụ Đào 40 33 Iridaceae HọSâm Đại Hành 34 Lamiaceae Họ Hoa môi 35 Lauraceae Họ Long nảo 36 Leeaceae Họ Gối hạc 37 Liliaceae Họ Hoa Loa Kèn 38 Loganiaceae Họ Mã Tiền 39 Loranthaceae Họ Tầm gửi 40 Malvaceae Họ Bông 41 Menispermaceae Họ Tiết dê 42 Moraceae Họ Dâu tằm 43 Musaceae Họ Chuối 44 Myrsinaceae Họ Đơn Nem 45 Myrtaceae Họ Sim 46 Oleaceae Họ Hoa Nhài 47 Orchidaceae Họ Phong Lan 48 Oxalidaceae Họ Chua Me 49 Pandanaceae Họ Dứa 50 Passifloraceae Họ Lạc tiên 51 Piperaceae Họ Tiêu 52 Poaceae Họ Cỏ 53 Polygonaceae Họ Rau Răm 54 Polypodiaceae Họ Dương Xĩ 55 Portulacaceae Họ Rau Sam 56 Rosaceae Họ Hoa Hồng 57 Rubiaceae Họ Cà Phê 58 Rutaceae Họ Cam 59 Sapindaceae Họ Bồ Hòn 60 Saururaceae Họ Diếp Cá 61 Solanaceae Họ Cà 62 Sterculiaceae Họ Chôm 63 Urticaceae Họ Gai 64 Verbenaceae Họ Tếch 65 Vitaceae Họ Nho 66 Zingiberaceae Họ Riềng 191 41 Botanic garden in Long Sap border post Interview health center‟s staff 42 Armny medcical officer take cultivar from heal center botanic garden Interview the only one Healer in Long Sap commnune 43 Certified from Vietnam red cross society of the healer Dry medicinal plant in household 44 Clerodendrum Viscosum Andrographis paniculata 45 REFERENCES G Phani Kumar, Raj Kumar, O P Chaurasia and Shashi Bala Singh (2010) Current status and potential prospects of medicinal plant sector in trans-Himalayan Ladakh Ladakh, India: Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research Hoang, V (2010) Indigenous knowledge of Dao and Muong ethnic minority groups on medicinal plants in Ba Vi national park, Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam: Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam Huong, V (2002) Gendered knowledge in the management of medicinal plants: a case study of Dzao community in buffer zone of BaVi national park, northern Vietnam Hanoi Viet Nam: Center for Natural Resources &Environmental Studies, VNU JANTAN, I (2004) Medicinal Plant Research in Malaysia: Scientific Interests and Advances Khanh, T.C & Pharm.Sci (2005) Access to Medicinal Plant Resources in Vietnam - A fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Hanoi, Vietnam: Center for research and Development of Ethono- medicinal Plants, Ha Noi, Viet Nam Kim N B Ninh (2012) Medicinal Plant of Dao in Bavi Hanoi, Vietnam: The Asia Foundation's Country Representative, Vietnam Kumbi, E T (2007) Use and conservation of traditional medicial plants by indigenous people in Gimbi Woreda, Western Wellega, Ethiopia ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA Overview about Red Data Book (2013, 5) Retrieved from Vietnam forest creatures: http://www.vncreatures.net/tqsachdo.php PATRICIA SHANLEY & LEDA LUZ (2003) The Impacts of ForestDegradation on Medicinal Plant Use and Implications for Health Care in Eastern Amazonia 46 (n.d.) 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