Influence of relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in thuan chau district son la province

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY FOREST RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FACULTY REPORT STUDENT THESIS Influence of relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province Supervisor : Dr Ngo Duy Bach Student name : Nguyen Gia Phong Student ID :1354030572 Class : K58B Natural Resource Management Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Hanoi, September 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I want to express my gratefulness to teachers of Vietnam National University of Forestry for establishing me to complete this research I would like to thank all the officers of Chieng Bom Commune, Muoi Noi Commune, Tong Lenh Commune and Bon Phang Commune, officers of KFW7 and project 661 management staffs for supporting necessary things and providing me documents I take this opportunity to record my sincere thanks to all the faculty members of the Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management for their help and encouragement I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Dr Ngo Duy Bach who‘s giving motivation and valuable ideas help me to complete this study I also thank the local government and local people of said communes for helping me during my study time Hanoi, September 2018 Student Nguyen Gia Phong TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND METHODS…………………………………… 1.1 Goal 1.2 Objective 1.3 Methods 1.3.1Study site 1.3.2Data collection CHAPTER II RESULTS 11 2.1 Identification of actors and their interest in community forest 11 2.1.1Actors in community forestry 11 2.1.2Network patterns 16 2.1.3 Actors‘s interests 19 2.2Evaluate the outcomes of CF 24 2.2.1 Social outcomes 24 2.2.2 Economic outcomes 28 2.2.3 Ecological outcomes, Forest growth and biodiversity 31 2.2.4 Summary 32 2.3 Estimation of Influence of actor‘s interest to CF outcomes 33 2.3.1 Social 33 2.3.2 Economical 34 2.3.3 Ecological 34 CHAPTER III DISCUSSION 35 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION 37 REFERENCES 38 APPENDIX 41 LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1.1: Selected sites in Thuan Chau District Table 1.2 Outcome evaluation of Community forestry Table 2.1 Actors and their role in community forestry 11_Toc526035939 Table 2.2 Power diagnosis summary of case studies 18 Table 2.3 Summary of actor‘s interests 2.1.3.1Forest administration 20 Table 2.4 Access chart of forest users over the forest and forest resources 24 Table 2.5: Restricted activities in community forest 26 Table 2.6: Forest protection ensured by rules and regulations 26 Table 2.7: Infringement cases of the community forests 27 Table 2.8 Access to decision making processes of forest users 27 Table 2.9 Fee contribution of forest users for community forest management 29 Table 2.10 Payment for Forest environmental services 30 Table 2.12Payment for memberships of committees and forest patrol team 30 Table 2.13 Investment for community development 31 Table 2.14: Obtained outcomes of all cases 32 Figure 01 Map of Chieng Bom,Tong Lenh Bon Phang and Muoi Noi Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province Figure 2.1: Community forestry network in the study sites 16 Figure 2.2 Frequency of the relevant actors in community forestry in Thuan Chau 17 Figure 2.3 Power elements of the powerful relevant actors 18 Figure 2.4 Summarize of Actor‘s desired outcomes (appendix 3) 24 Figure 2.5 outcomes through interests (appendix 3) 33 ABSTRACT The study Community forestry is a model of forest management that has a significant portion of responsibility for forest management shifted from the state down to lower community levels (Devolution) 2018 is the year where the KfW7 project and the years management plan completed along with the main goal of power decentralization Compare to observation data from previous years, the outcome results of community forests of Thuan Chau district can be considered a complete success with the influence of relevant actors being decentralized All designated villages in Thuan Chau district that has community forest given to them, have fully covered the community forest with AII and above forest Decision making is now transferred to the Village chief under the observation of the commune and local ranger, whose now will mostly supportive roles Exploitation limits stay the same to the years management plan and finally, no major damages was done to the forest ever since the years management plan was launch The Commune that is not involved with the KFW7 also has the similar results Overall, The Social, Economic and Ecological outcomes of the community forest of Thuan Chau district has increased moderately INTRODUCTION Community forestry is a type of forestry model where significant roles in forest management to be decentralized (forest devolution), whereby the local community plays a significant role in forest management and land use decision making Its aim is to aim to increase accessibility for direct forest uses and their decision-making processes Thuan Chau district is one of the districts involving in KFW7 project and the years management plan that mainly revolves around managing community forests In Vietnam, Community forests have historically been closely connected to the lives and beliefs of the resident communities, as they rely on the forests and forest resources for survival Confronted with the decrease and degradation of forests as a result of practices like legal/illegal wood harvesting and slash and burn agriculture (Castella et al 2005; Meyfroidt and Lambin 2008a, 2008b, 2009), the Vietnamese government has acknowledged community forest management as an effective practice garnering state concern and encouragement.The model of community forest will surely be expanded in the future to other provinces As 2018 will be a sensitive year for the community forest of Thuan Chau when they reached the end phase of a pilot district Many evaluations will be made to decide whether the model of Community forest are good or not Assessments for future improvement of community forest will be needed to make a better management, which leads to my study of: “Influence of relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province” to provide insights for future management in Thuan Chau district as well as information for the model of community forest in the future CHAPTER I GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND METHODS 1.1 Goal The goal of this study is to make assessment of the influences from relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province 1.2 Objective The objectives of this study are: - To Identification of actors and their interest in community forest - To Evaluate the outcomes of community forestry - To Estimate how actors‘ interests influence on CF‘s outcomes 1.3 Methods 1.3.1Study site This study was conducted in Chieng Bom,Tong Lenh,Bon Phang and Muoi Noi Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province, ranging from 30 to 50 km away from central of Son La city Thuan Chau district has an area of 1.533,4 km2 with population of 147.374 people (Linh:2017) The topography is high mountains Over 80% of area is at the elevation of 1000m The climate of all Commune is high mountain tropical climate with average temperature of 21.4oC In rainy season, rainfall is from 2500 to 2700mm and average temperature of 27oC F i g u r e M a p o f C h i e n g Bom,Tong Lenh Bon Phang and Muoi Noi Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province The study was based on forest status map and pilot research about site conditions to choose locations to conduct surveys and collect data According to reports,Thuan Chau is one of the provinces that have the most remarkable community forestry activities in the country (Ngai 2009; Sang 2009) Because of the variety of communities, there is no common, one4 size-fits-all community forestry model that has been applied; rather, various models appropriate to the provinces‘specific conditions are needed Social and natural characteristics such as the high poverty rate, high concentration of ethnic minorities, and amount of forest cover -in tandem with a long history of social forestry (Lung and Anh 2001)- are advantages for the effective implementation of community forestry practices These practices in turn directly contribute to the alleviation of poverty and hunger in the region 1.3.1.1 Criteria on research site selection Because there exists a wide variety of community groups currently in different phases of community forestry, the case studies for this research were selected according to several factors: the condition of the community forests, and with and/or without the support of international donors (Development phase was excluded since all CF of Thuan Chau has already reached their Advanced stage) Field observations revealed that some groups have implemented community forestry activities without the support of international donors, while others have already been established or are in the process of formal registration with international venues of support 1.3.1.2 Cases By relying on the given criteria and realistic conditions of the areas, the following research sites were selected for the study Table 1.1: Selected sites in Thuan Chau District No Commune Muoi Noi Chieng Bom Tong Lenh Bon Phang Forest user Group Forest Type Forest Value Stage Donor Sang Protection Poor advanced Yes Xang Protection Poor advanced Yes Long Phang Protection Poor advanced Yes Co Protection Poor advanced Yes Liu Protection Poor advanced Yes Khem Protection Poor advanced Yes Tham Protection Poor advanced No Phang Protection Poor advanced No Since 2002, the District Authority has handed numerous forests over to local government units and legally recognized community forest user groups based on Provincial Decision Nos 2396 and 3011 (LA-1;LA-2) During the field survey, I observed that the forests allocated to households and individuals are small production forests; protection forests (natural forests) are handed over to local governments and organizations for management and conservation purposes The Selected cases are located in communes within Thuan Chau district,Son La Province of cases have been selected as part of a pilot project in community forestry supported by international donors (KfW7) since 2010 the others have no external donor involvement The criteria for rich and poor forests are based on the classification of forest status issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) Community forest management is run by the Community Forest User Group Committee, normally led by village patriarchs 1.3.2 Data collection 1.3.2.1 Network survey To identify actors involved in the community forest network, the first interviews with selected user groups have been conducted to get information of organizational structure, forests and respective tasks of the committee In addition, the questions on the partners from whom the users‘ committee has received information and supports have been raised This allowed the study to get general notion of actors whom the users‘ committee was in collaboration with At the same time, power elements were also examined in detail through quantitative measurements 1.3.2.2Questionnaire Questionnaires used for survey and interview will be based upon the Krott‘s survey model However, the actual survey process will be improvised so the surveyors can provide information without troubles (see appendix 1) Trust Incentive Corecion Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi 79.17 0.23 0.23 0.13 62.50 0.18 0.41 0.13 Con 50.00 0.14 0.55 0.13 Dnr 45.83 0.13 0.68 0.14 L_Pol 41.67 0.12 0.80 0.14 FUGR 37.50 0.11 0.91 0.14 FPTr 25.00 0.07 0.98 0.14 D_pol1 4.17 0.01 0.99 0.12 D_pol2 4.17 0.01 1.00 #DIV/0! 1.00 Dnr 62.50 0.33 0.33 0.17 2.00 Con 50.00 0.27 0.60 0.20 3.00 37.50 0.20 0.80 0.22 4.00 L_Pol 25.00 0.13 0.93 0.22 5.00 Ta 12.50 0.07 1.00 0.20 6.00 FUGR 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.17 7.00 FPTr 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.14 8.00 D_pol1 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.13 9.00 D_pol2 0.00 0.00 1.00 #DIV/0! 1.00 2.00 D_pol2 75.00 0.23 0.58 0.19 3.00 D_pol1 62.50 0.19 0.77 0.21 4.00 L_Pol 50.00 0.15 0.92 0.21 5.00 Dnr 12.50 0.04 0.96 0.19 6.00 7.00 FPTr 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.14 8.00 FUGR 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.13 9.00 FA Ta FA 112.50 0.35 0.35 0.17 FA Ta 12.50 0.04 1.00 0.17 Con 0.00 0.00 1.00 #DIV/0! 57 Name of Social Economic CF outcome outcome Khem medium medium - Free to collect fuel wood but not for sale - Limited logging, strictly not for sale - Limited collection of forest products - Free to collect NTFPs, but only for subsistence - No hunting Actor classification Ecological outcome medium Actor FA Local_pol FUGR Dnr TA D_pol1 Dpol2 Con Trust QT FA L_pol Dnr FUGR FPtr TA D_pol D_pol2 Con - Group of powerful actors: - Group of less powerful actors: - Power source observed: - Power source not observed: 2 1 2 1 Social interest 10 1 111 Economic interest 1 1+ 1+ 1 Incentive QL + + + + + 0 + R 2 2 1 2 + - QT QL + + 1 + 1 - not checked - Quantitative data - Qualitative data - Final result (triangulation) Ecological interest 1+ 1 1+ 1 1 Coercion R 2 2 1 QT 2 1 1 2 QL + + + + + - R 2 1 2 QT QL R 58 Trust Incentive Corecion Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi 79.17 0.23 0.23 0.13 62.50 0.18 0.41 0.13 Con 50.00 0.14 0.55 0.13 Dnr 45.83 0.13 0.68 0.14 L_Pol 41.67 0.12 0.80 0.14 FUGR 37.50 0.11 0.91 0.14 FPTr 25.00 0.07 0.98 0.14 D_pol1 4.17 0.01 0.99 0.12 D_pol2 4.17 0.01 1.00 #DIV/0! 1.00 Dnr 62.50 0.33 0.33 0.17 2.00 Con 50.00 0.27 0.60 0.20 3.00 37.50 0.20 0.80 0.22 4.00 L_Pol 25.00 0.13 0.93 0.22 5.00 Ta 12.50 0.07 1.00 0.20 6.00 FUGR 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.17 7.00 FPTr 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.14 8.00 D_pol1 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.13 9.00 D_pol2 0.00 0.00 1.00 #DIV/0! 1.00 2.00 D_pol2 75.00 0.23 0.58 0.19 3.00 D_pol1 62.50 0.19 0.77 0.21 4.00 L_Pol 50.00 0.15 0.92 0.21 5.00 Dnr 12.50 0.04 0.96 0.19 6.00 7.00 FPTr 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.14 8.00 FUGR 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.13 9.00 FA Ta FA 112.50 0.35 0.35 0.17 FA Ta 12.50 0.04 1.00 0.17 Con 0.00 0.00 1.00 #DIV/0! 59 Social Name outcom Economic Ecological of CF e outcome outcome Tham medium medium high - Free to collect fuel wood but not for sale - Complete ban logging - Limited collection of forest products - Free to collect NTFPs, but only for subsistence - No hunting Actor classification Actor FA Local_pol FUGR TA D_pol1 Dpol2 Dpol2 Social interest 10 111- Trust QT FA L_pol FUGR FPtr TA D_pol D_pol2 - Group of powerful actors: - Group of less powerful actors: - Power source observed: - Power source not observed: 2 2 1 Economi c interest 1 1+ 1 Ecological interest 1+ 1 1 1 Incentive QL + + + + 0 R 2 2 1 + - QT 1 1 1 - not checked - Quantitative data - Qualitative data - Final result (triangulation) QL + + - R 2 1 QT 2 1 2 Coercion Q L + + + + + R 2 1 2 Q T QL R 60 Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi FA Ta L_Pol FUGR FPTr D_pol1 D_pol2 79.17 0.31 0.31 0.18 62.50 0.25 0.56 0.19 41.67 0.16 0.72 0.19 37.50 0.15 0.87 0.19 25.00 0.10 0.97 0.19 4.17 0.02 0.98 0.16 4.17 0.02 1.00 #DIV/0! FA L_Pol Ta FUGR FPTr D_pol1 D_pol2 37.50 0.50 0.50 0.29 25.00 0.33 0.83 0.35 12.50 0.17 1.00 0.33 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 1.00 #DIV/0! FA D_pol2 112.50 0.36 0.36 0.20 D_pol1 75.00 0.24 0.60 0.21 L_Pol 62.50 0.20 0.80 0.22 Ta 50.00 0.16 0.96 0.23 FPTr 12.50 0.04 1.00 0.20 FUGR 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 1.00 #DIV/0! 61 Name Social Economic Ecologica of CF outcome outcome l outcome Phang medium medium medium - Free to collect fuel wood but not for sale - Limited logging, strictly not for sale - Limited collection of forest products - Free to collect NTFPs, but only for subsistence - No hunting Actor classification Actor FA Local_pol FUGR TA D_pol1 Dpol2 Dpol2 Social interest 10 111- Trust QT FA L_pol FUGR FPtr TA D_pol D_pol2 - Group of powerful actors: - Group of less powerful actors: - Power source observed: - Power source not observed: Ecological interest 1+ 1 1 1 Incentive QL 2 2 1 Economi c interest 1 1+ 1 + + + + 0 R 2 2 1 + - QT 1 1 1 - not checked - Quantitative data - Qualitative data - Final result (triangulation) QL + + - R 2 1 QT 2 1 2 Coercion Q L + + + + + R 2 1 2 Q T Q L R 62 Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi FA Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi FA Indicator Xi hi Cri Dmi FA Ta L_Pol FUGR FPTr D_pol1 D_pol2 79.17 0.31 0.31 0.18 62.50 0.25 0.56 0.19 41.67 0.16 0.72 0.19 37.50 0.15 0.87 0.19 25.00 0.10 0.97 0.19 4.17 0.02 0.98 0.16 4.17 0.02 1.00 #DIV/0! L_Pol Ta FUGR 37.50 0.50 0.50 0.29 25.00 0.33 0.83 0.35 12.50 0.17 1.00 0.33 D_pol2 75.00 0.24 0.60 0.21 D_pol1 62.50 0.20 0.80 0.22 112.50 0.36 0.36 0.20 FPTr 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.25 L_Pol D_pol1 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.20 Ta 50.00 0.16 0.96 0.23 D_pol2 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.17 FPTr 12.50 0.04 1.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.00 #DIV/0! FUGR 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 1.00 #DIV/0! 63 Appendix 4: Timber use needs of each cases Sang Village Category Diameter group (cm) Housing 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 8~16 Demand( A) 30 15 5 10 Shack 16~24 Cage Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/year 90 45 15 15 0 Maintainance (C)=B+C Total demand Total demand in years (E)= D*5 Note 156 78 26 26 16 246 123 41 41 25 1230 615 205 205 123 03 new house/year;5 wood house;MT time: 10 yrs 12 12 60 6 30 shack/year;6 shacks;MT time:5yrs 8~16 24 64 88 440 16~24 12 32 44 220 cages/year; 40 cages;Mt time:5 yrs Fuel wood Use bamboo Fencing Coffin >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 64 Xang Village Category Diameter group (cm) Housing 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 8~16 Demand(A) 30 15 5 Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/year 60 30 10 10 50 10 Shack 168 84 28 28 17 228 114 38 38 23 Total demand in years (E)= D*5 1140 570 190 190 114 72 122 610 36 61 305 Maintainance(C)= B+C Total demand 25 16~24 Note 02 new house/year ;56 wood house;MT time: 10 yrs 05 new shack/year ;36 shack;MT time:5yrs Cage 8~16 40 85 125 624 16~24 20 42 62 312 cages/yea r; 53 cages;Mt time:5 yrs Fuel wood Use bamboo Fencing Coffin >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 65 Long Phang Village Category Diameter group (cm) Housing 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 8~16 Demand(A) 30 15 5 Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/year 30 15 5 50 10 Shack Maintainance(C )=B+C Total demand 113 56 19 19 11 143 71 24 24 14 Total demand in years (E)= D*5 713 356 119 119 71 60 110 550 01 new house/year;45 wood house;MT time: 12 yrs shack/year;30 shacks;MT time:5yrs 25 16~24 Note 30 55 275 Cage Fuel wood Fencing Coffin 8~16 24 24 48 240 16~24 12 12 24 120 cages/year; 15 cages;Mt time:5 yrs Use bamboo >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 66 Co Village Category Housing Cage Fuel wood Fencing Coffin 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 30 15 5 60 30 10 10 189 95 32 32 19 249 125 42 42 25 Total demand in years (E)= D*5 1245 623 208 208 125 8~16 12 72 189 261 1305 16~24 36 95 131 652.5 Diameter group (cm) Demand(A) Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/year Maintainance(C) =B+C Total demand Note 02 new house/year;63 wood house;MT time: 10 yrs 06 cages/year; 63 cages;Mt time:4 yrs Use bamboo >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 67 Liu Village Category Diameter group (cm) Housing 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 Cage Fuel wood Fencing Coffin Demand(A) 30 15 5 Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/year 60 30 10 10 Maintainance(C)=B+C 183 92 31 31 18 Total demand 243 122 41 41 24 Total demand in years (E)= D*5 1215 608 203 203 122 8~16 12 72 183 255 1275 16~24 36 92 128 637.5 >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 Note 02 new house/year;61 wood house;MT time: 10 yrs 06 cages/year; 63 cages;Mt time:4 yrs Use bamboo 68 Khem Village Category Diameter group (cm) Housing 8~16 16~24 24~32 32~40 >48 30 15 5 90 45 15 15 306 153 51 51 31 396 198 66 66 40 Total demand in years (E)= D*5 1980 990 330 330 198 8~16 12 120 306 426 2130 16~24 60 153 213 1065 >48 0.2 0.2 0.2 Cage Fuel wood Fencing Coffin Demand(A) Demand per year(B)= A* newhouse/year Maintainance(C) =B+C Total demand Note 03 new house/year;102 wood house;MT time: 10 yrs 10 cages/year; 102 cages;Mt time:4 yrs Use bamboo Tham Village Nodata Phang Village Nodata 69 Appendix 5: List of interviewees No Name of the interviewees Type of actor Position Nguyen Xuan Truong Forest administration Director of 661 management board Vu Duc Thuan Forest Administration2 Chief of forestry development department, Sonla Province Truong Cong Phuong Donor Chief Coordinator, Management Board of KFW7 project, Thuanchau district Nguyen Duc Trung Forest administration An officer of 661 management board Tran Quoc Hung District government Chief of Agriculture department, Thuanchau district Pham Hong Vich Forest administration Director of Forestry department Tran Anh Tuan Vuong Minh Trang Media Journalist An officer of Thuan Chau district Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Ha Van Dung Village administration Chairman of Chiengbom Commune 10 Leo Van Thien Village administration Chairman of Muoi Noi Commune 11 Lo Van Sam Village administration Chairman of Tong Lan Commune 12 Lo Van Dan Village administration Chairman of Bon Phang Commune 13 Lo quoc Village administration Vice Chairman of Chiengbom Commune 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Lu Tung Lam Lo Van Sang Village administration Vice Chairman of Muoi Noi Commune Village administration Vice Chairman of Tong Lan Commune Lo Van Thoi Quang Van Trung Lo Van Kien Tong Van Ban Traditional authority Head villager of Long Phang Village Head Villager of Sang Village Head Villager of Xang Village Head Villager of Co Village Traditional authority Traditional authority Traditional authority 70 71 ... study of: ? ?Influence of relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province? ?? to provide insights for future management in Thuan Chau district as well as information... Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province, ranging from 30 to 50 km away from central of Son La city Thuan Chau district has an area of 1.533,4 km2 with population of 147.374 people (Linh:2017) The. .. on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province 1.2 Objective The objectives of this study are: - To Identification of actors and their interest in community forest