Conservation of pinophyta diversity in xuan nha nature reserve, son la province

ACKNOWLEGDEMENT First of all, I am grateful to teachers of Vietnam Forestry University for etablishing me to complete this thesis I would like to acknowledgement all the member of Xuan Nha Forest Protection Department for support nessessary things and provide me documents I wish to express my sincere gratitude to officers of my university for providing me with all the nessessary facilities I take this opportunity to record our sincere thanks to all the falcuty members of the Falcuty of Forest Resource and Environment Management for their help and encouragement I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Van Sam whose stimulating motivation and valuable ideas helped me to complete this thesis I also acknowlegdement Xuan Nha local government and local people for helping me during my researching time in Xuan Nha Sincerely! Hanoi, October, 2015 Trinh Van Duc i ABSTRACT Plant of Pinophyta in Xuan Nha nature reserve is quite diversity with 13 species, belong to families Of them 10 species listed in The World Red Book IUCN 2014, species listed in Viet Nam Red Book 2007, species listed in Decree 32/2006/NĐ-CP of the Vietnamese government The results of the research show that Pinophyta species distribute at all elevation levels Most of them distribute at elevation from 1500-1886 m with species ( Fokienia hodginsii, Podocarpus neriifolius, Podocarpus neriifolius , Cunninghamia knonishii , Dacrycarpus imbricatus , Nageia fleuryi ,Amentotaxus argotaenia ,Dacrydium elatum ) take 61,54 % The elevation from 1000-1500 m have species ( Fokieniea hodginsii, Pinus kwangtungensis , Calocedrus macrolepis ) take 23,1% The elevation from 500-1000 m have species (Keteleeria evelyniana , Gnetum latifolium , Pinus kwang tungensis, Pinus cernua ) take 30,77 % Some solutions have been proposed to conserve and develop of Pinophyta species in Xuan Nha natural reserve ii TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION II OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH III METHODS OF RESEARCH 3.1 Field Investigation Method 3.1.1 Transect line method 3.1.2 Field investigation 3.1.3 Data collection 3.2 Non-Field Investigation Method 3.2.1 Interview 3.2.2 Data processing and analysis IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Composition and distribution of pynophyta species by elevation in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve 4.2 Determine the distribution of Pinophyta species by altitude 12 4.3 Characteristics distribution, ecology, capacity of regeneration of species belonging to Pinophyta at Xuan Nha Nature Reserve 16 4.3.1 Fokienia hodginsii( Dunn) A Henry& H Thomas 16 4.3.2 Keteleeria evelyniana Mast 21 4.3.3 Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub 25 4.3.4 Nageia fleuryi (Hickel) de Laub 28 4.3.5 Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz 30 4.3.6 Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall et Hook 34 4.3.7 Amentotaxus argotaenia (Hance) Pilger 36 4.3.8 Cunninghamia knonishii Hayata 39 4.3.9 Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang 42 iii 4.3.10 Pinus cernua L K Phan ex Aver., K S Nguyen & T H Nguyen 45 4.4 Technical solutions: 48 4.4.1 Ex- situ conservation 48 4.4.2 In-situ conservation 49 4.5 Solution of mechanism, policy and attraction of investment: 50 4.5.1 Completing the institutional, policy and law 51 4.6 Economic and social Solutions 52 4.7 Challenges and Opportunity 53 4.7.1 Challenges 53 4.7.2 Opportunity 53 V DISCUSSION 54 VI CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEMDATION 55 6.1 Conclusion 55 6.2 Recommendation 56 REFERENCES iv TABLE OF TABLE Table 3.1 Investigation of species in transect line Table 3.2 Investigation of reproduction trees in transect line Table 4.1 The composition of Pinophyta species in transect lne Table 4.2 Status of conservation species of Pinophyta branches in Xuan Nha natural conservation 14 Table 4.3 Nature regeneration of Po mu acorrding to line: 19 Table 4.4 Regeneration of Po mu around stool mother: 20 Table 4.5 Regeneration of Du sam according to the line: 23 Table 4.6 Regeneration around the stool mather of Du sam nui dat 24 Table 4.7 Natural regeneration of Thong nang 26 Table 4.8 Rregeneration of Thong nang around stool mother 27 Table 4.9 Natural regeneration in lines Green Technology 32 Table 4.10 Regeneration of species around the mother Calocedrus trees 33 Table 4.11 Regeneration of Amentotaxus argotaenia under parent tree 38 Table 4.12 The status of Pinus kwangtungensis 44 Table 4.13 The status of Pinus cernua 46 v I INTRODUCTION Botany is rich and diverse with approximately 250,000 species of high plants, including Pinophyta accounted for only 600 species, a modest figure.In Vietnam, most of natural conifers are under threat in certain levels because of natural disaster and human impact Pinophyta diversity has seriously threatened, many gymnosperm species have economic value, some species are using in comestics and paper industry, some are using in cancer treatment Profits from the sale of products from pinophyta for human service leads to over exploitation allow severely affected forest to pinophyta diversity The development of the national economy exchanged by many hectares of forest were cleared, land for construction of industrial areas and residential areas, new city Further more, Human activities affect many aspects to environment of forest Ecosystem change cause pinophyta cannot survive anymore, pollutant also cause bad effect of pinophyta Global warming destroy habitat and living conditions of pinophyta Vietnam have about 29 species of Pinophyta living in natural conditions Many species of pinophyta is under threatened and endangered level such as Taxus wallichiana, Podocarpus neriifolius, Dacrycarpus imbricatus Recognizing the value of gymnosperm species, Vietnam government have more concern and protection policy of Pinophyta Xuan Nha Natural Reserve etablished under Decision No.3440/QD-UBND November 11, 2002 of People’s committee of Son La Province with 60.000ha Xuan Nha Natural Reserve located in Moc Chau district, in the south west of Son La Province, The East and the South of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve abut on Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa Province In 1991, Goverment released investment project for Xuan Nha Natural Reserve proposed 38.489 conservation area, including 15.489 protected zones, 22.172 ecological restoration zones, 66.436 buffer zones Xuan Nha Nature Reserve have the peak of Pha Luong with 1868m, the highest peak of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve located in mountainous of Viet-Lao border Xuan Nha Natural Reserve have two widely and flat valleys cross to the east of Viet-Lao border The north of valley is Nha River, the south is Nam Can River Xuan Nha Natural Reserve where there is decent terrain, steep slopes, low temperature, high elevation above sea level climatic characteristics suitable for the growth and development of many types of plants, especially the higher peaks of mountain have low temperature where the distribution of some species such as Fokienia hodginsii, Buretiodendron hsienmu, Keteleeria davidiana, Dacrycarpus imbricatus, Madhuca pasquieri Xuan Nha Natural Reserve is home to 1001 species, 452 genera, 142 families, about 10,4% of total species, 22,5 % of total genera and 48,8% of total families of Viet Nam flora With the aim to study the characteristics of Pinophyta diversity in the study area for the proposed conservation methods; so I conducted thesis "Conservation of pinophyta diversity in the Xuan Nha Natural Reserve , Son La Province" to contribute to the conservation of flora diversity of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve II OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH Objective Contribution for conservation of biodiversity in general and plant species of Pinophyta in particular in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve, Son La province Specific objectives Assess the conservation status of Pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve, Son La province Assess the conservation status of regeneration trees of Pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve, Son La province Propose conservation solution to contribute in protect biodiversity of pinophyta in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve Content of Research Assessment the status of plant species of pinophyta in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve, Son La province Study ecosystems characteristic, habitat and distribution of pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve Research in challenge and oppotunity of pinophyta conservation in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve Subjects - scope of Research Subjects : Pinophyta in study area Scope : The thesis focus on determine species composition, biological and ecological characteristics, the distribution of Pinophyta plants Assessment of conservation and propose solutions to conserve pinophyta in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, Son La Province III METHODS OF RESEARCH 3.1 Field Investigation Method 3.1.1 Transect line method The transect line are used to illustrate a particular gradient or linear pattern along the communities of pinophyta species They provide a good way of being able to clearly visualise the changes taking place along the line The transect line have design in the map depend on the discussion with local experts and rangers of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve Using GPS to determine the distribution of species in transect line in the map of flora of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve Transect : Khị Hồng hamlet - Pha Lng mountain Transect : Chiềng Hin hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect : Pha Luông hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect : Thín hamlet - Pha Lng mountain Transect : Chiềng Nưa hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect : Tây Tà Lào hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect : Ngà hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect : Cột Mộc hamlet - Pha Luông mountain Transect : Mường An hamlet - An hamlet 3.1.2 Field investigation Investigate the distribution and density of pinophyta species Using GPS to determine the high density areas, the high biodiversity areas, the good condition areas Investigate the harmful factors which destroy environment, ecosystem and habitat of plant 3.1.3 Data collection a Investigation of high individuals species This method use to evaluate the status of species and investigate the factors affected those species Setting up sample plots to study some physiological characteristics of the species Investigate and measure individuals species in selecting areas to find out growth rate Investigate, collect speciment, calculate all of the individuals species found in diameter at breast height (D1.3) greater than or equal to 6cm D1.3 measured by calipers glasses Measuring tree height (HVN) and the high under branch (Hdc) by Blummleiss measure Measuring canopy diameter (Dt) by tape in two dimensions East - West and South For the trees difficult to measure (due to difficult terrain) using empirical observation position from the tree was measured and 1200-1400m above the sea, where there is a high slope from 30-350, the largest tree diameter D1.3 = 30cm, Hvn = 40m We know that species Thơng Pa Cị (Pinus kwangtungensis) were distributed somewhere in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve but the terrain is too dangerous People cannot reach to these areas so many species kept protected by natural shields b) Ecology: The survey shows Thông Pa Cò(Pinus kwangtungensis) scattered limestone from over 800m- 1200m above sea level, rises in mixed tropical broadleaf forest slopes above 30oC, warm weather, moist and well drained soil In Muong An hamlet - An hamlet and Kho Hong hamlet - Pha Luông mountain shows Pinus kwangtungensis grow mixed with some broad-leaved species such as Platycarya longipes (Juglandacea), Podocarpus pilgeri (Podocarpaceae), Hồi Núi (Illicia grifithii), Sau Sau Lào (Mytilaria rhodentha), Chùm Bao (Hydnocarpus hainanensis), Vạng Trứng (Endospermum chinensis), Ràng Ràng Mít (Ormosia balansae), Sồi Bốp (Castanopsis cerebrina), Chân Chim Núi (Schefflera pesavis), Cồng Núi (Callophyllum poilanei) and some species of Polypodiophyta c) Regeneration - Regeneration in transect lines: From the regeneration survey,although we expansed Muong An –Ban An village and Kho Hong hamlet - Pha Luong mountain but we can not detect any regenerated individuals in these transect lines, we have only found mature individuals of Pinus kwangtungensis We need to have broader study about the possibility of regenerated for this precious species and more measures to protect Pinus kwangtungensis in Xuan Nha nature reserve - Distance to a tree regeneration mother: It were not enough mature Pinus kwangtungensis individuals which were in the research area (Muong An and Ban An) and the terrain is too dangerous ( Kho Hong hamlet 43 - Pha Luong mountain ) to establish conduct squares and investigate around the basement of mother trees stem (the outer canopy and canopy) - The possibility of natural regeneration from seeds and bud: The result of survey showed Pinus kwangtungensisin poor regeneration and very narrow distribution Under the basement, trees were cut and we could not see the regeneration from the seed Table 4.12 The status of Pinus kwangtungensis No Areas D1.3 (cm) Hvn (m) Dt (m) Status Elevation 175 22 12 A 889 120 40 18 A 891 300 25 11 A 895 170 32 15 B 897 180 28 17 B 898 230 20 10 B 904 220 35 18 A 907 125 24 10 A 911 170 22 14 B 912 10 180 20 A 905 Kho Hong Species Pinus hamlet - Pha kwangtunge Luong mountain nsis The table above show the status of Pinus kwangtungensis in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, we can see that most of trees are big tree, the biggest tree have D1.3 is 300 cm The average D1.3 is 182 cm The highest tree reach to 40 m, the average Hvn is 26,1 m The average Dt is 13,3 m The good tree usually grow in flat area and bad tree grow in slope areas, some tree go bad because of natural disaster In transect line Kho Hong hamlet - Pha Luong mountain we found Pinus kwangtungensis grow in elevation from 8001000m 44 4.3.10 Pinus cernua L K Phan ex Aver., K S Nguyen & T H Nguyen - Vietnamese Name: Thong Xuan Nha - Family: Pinaceae A recently described five needle pine, currently only known from a small area of northwestern Vietnam We only found Pinus cernua in transect line Kho hong ham let Pha luong mountain of Xuan Nha Nature Reserve It is about 40 individuals mature trees in a small areas km2 It is threatened by selective felling but has not yet been evaluated for the IUCN's Redlist It is likely to be assessed as Critically Endangered due to its very restricted distribution and an ongoing decline a, Description A medium to large tree up to 35 meters in height with a bole up to meter in diameter Needles in fascicles of five, slightly twisted, 15-22 cm long, drooping Cones in whorls of 2-6, 8-11 cm long and 5-7 cm in diameter b, Distribution Currently, this species is only known from the Pha Luong Mountains along the border of Houaphan (Lao PDR) and Son La (Việt Nam) Several surveys have been undertaken on the Vietnamese side and have found 12 localities within a small area Surveys on the Lao side are needed 45 c, Habitat and Ecology Generally restricted to coniferous and evergreen forets on steep slopes and ridges on sandstone outcrops at altitudes ranging fron 900 to 1800 meters above sea level Fokienia hodginsii, Dacrycarpus imbricatus and Podocarpus neriifolius also occur in this area d, Human Uses Timber is used for local construction e, Conservation Status The extent of occurrence is estimated to be less than 100 km² with an area of occupancy considerably less Twelve localities are currently known but these are within km of each other Logging is an issue as are uncontrolled fires associated with deforestation An global assessment of Critically Endangered under B1ab (iii,iv) would be appropriate based on current knowledge f, Conservation Actions The majority of the stands are located within the Xuan Nha Nature Reserve.PanNature, a Vietnamese NGO has initiated a community based conservation programme that involves, amongst other things, seed collecting, cultivation and the reinforcement of existng stands Surveys on the Lao PDR side of the border should be undertaken as soon as possible Table 4.13 The status of Pinus cernua No Areas Species D1.3 (cm) Hvn (m) Dt (m) Status Elevation Kho Hong 170 35 25 A 941 hamlet - Pha 210 20 12 C 926 Luong 125 17 A 912 mountain 130 C 918 Pinus cernua 46 100 16 11 A 908 180 35 A 909 185 20 10 A 904 190 20 A 889 50 C 886 10 180 32 15 B 911 We haven’t found any regeneration trees in this areas, we only make investigate of 10 individuals mature trees because the terrain were too dangerous we can’t go, so we make the table above to see the status of Pinus cernua The average D1.3 is 142 cm The average Hvn is 20,6 m we know the height of Pinus cernua is so high The average Dt is 11,4 m We can see that most of trees have good status but some trees have bad status because they grow in limestone mountain, some places have high slope Pinus cernua grow in the elevation from 800-1000 m above sea level * Status : A : good B : normal C : bad Recommending some solutions to conserve species in Pinophyta in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve Base on the results from investigating the situation of conservation Species in Pinophyta in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve In here, there is a few of pinus was planted Some of beautiful morphology species which local people bring them to plant for viewing such as Thong nang ( Dacrycarpus imbricatus), Po mu( Fokienia hodginsii), Hoang dan gia ( Dacrydium elatum), Kim giao ( Nageia fleuryi) … but there is only a few of individuals and all of young plants are exploited in natural forest which is brought to grow However, 47 we don’t have plant breeding methods to rare pinus species Another way, harvesting wood illegal Pinophyta has been always happen there and trends to increasing because of the demand of local people In the line investigation from Pha Luong village- Pha Luong mountain, we still see the logging camps and roads in the forest which is served for transportation wood These are the reasons why the conservation species in Pinophyta in Xuan Nha Nature reserve is necessary To conserve rare species which are in danger in Pinophyta, I give some solutions: 4.4 Technical solutions: 4.4.1 Ex- situ conservation Nowadays, there are some instructions, technical processes which are needed to incentive applied into reality also incorporated with local knowledge for some species in Pinophyta to develop the distribution of species in Pinophyta However, the next time, Addition some contents for suitable includes: + Seed selection techniques: In Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, species in Pinophyta has own strengths So that authorities should have clearly guidance and practical in seed selection that suitable for specific characteristics and strength of local community to expand and develop in the large scale Especially, we consider about the species which are limited in nature and poor nature regeneration - Almost of trees in Pinophyta are planted by local people who get from nature regeneration from seed and a few are from bud Therefore, in the next time, we need to build nurseries, seed quality and expanding to serve for conservation and reforestation Some species has advanced technologies about breed required quickly referred training If there is no research about improving breed of species, we need urgently practice research to conduct for conservation + Techniques of Cultivation 48 - Summarizing experiences and advanced technologies in planting species in Pinophyta to make lessons and widespread to all relevant people - Continuing to build instructions, technical progresses in planting for species in Pinophyta to develop in different ecology areas - Continuing to study solutions and models in planting for species in Pinophyta under canopy - Developing agro- forestry extension, compliment and training to improve technical cultivation Propaganda to raise and change your mind from exhausted exploit to sustainable harvesting, from destroying exploitation to exploit regeneration and sustainable business - Continuing research the impacts of other species in Pinophyta under nature forest, setting out some suitable solutions, avoiding impact to soil and losing habitat of fauna in forest 4.4.2 In-situ conservation For the whole individuals in Pinophyta still existed We need improve the patrolling, inspection and strictly protection in the distribution area Especially, with species Thong do( Taxus chinensis), Sa moc dau( Cunninghamia knonishii), Thong pa co( Pinus Kwangtungensis), De tung soc trang( Amentotaxus argotaenia), Kim giao (Nageia fleuryi) because of the number individual is very limited Also in close collaboration with border guards, authorities, local government in patrol, controlling and dismantling logging camps in the forest Propaganda to raise awareness and the important of conservation, raising awareness about strict protection zone, banning the extraction and impacting to growth and development also the possibility of natural regeneration of species in Pinophyta in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve 49 Guide the instruction of local laws, rules about conservation species in Pinophyta Construction revealed mailboxes to stop and hand out the people who act of illegal deforestation With the fact conditions, we can conduct natural regeneration under the tree mother as well as expand the area of distribution and regeneration capacity of the species At the ripe fruit season can be obtained and when conditions is suitable We can bear seed on forest land after cultivating land Under the canopy where the species usually distributed t, ensuring temperature, moist, light to regenerated trees can grow and develop well Need having further scientific researches about each species in Pinophyta in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, to further research on distribution zone, ecology, capacity regeneration especially for Thong do, Thong pa co, De tung soc trang and Kim giao Because narrowly distributed the number of individuals in the wild is limited 4.5 Solution of mechanism, policy and attraction of investment: - Reviewing, completing, adding policies having as forest land allocation policy, financial support, investment credit, taxes Should give priority to projects to plant species in Pinophyta -Xuan Nha Nature Reserve should develop strategies, plans for the development of species in Pinophyta base on strategies, schemes and action plans for approved conservation - Deciding to choose some species in Pinophyta which need to prior conserve and have strength in local community to put into the list of the main tree in the forest, especially, in the forestry programs and projects to come - Training and improving competence for staff in conservation by organizing for staff to participate in professional courses for a long term, short-term; enhancing the practicing in the conservation areas as well in the nature reserve 50 - Planning tourist zones, Introducing the potential of Nature Reserve travelling, investment climate conditions (location, business climate, land ) to call venture capital affiliate of the individual organization in domestic and foreign which have potential to invest for service activities and ecotourism - Spending a part of investment budget which from programs such as protection and development forest program, new rural programs, conservation programs, poverty alleviation, agricultural settlement, settlers to invest in additional plant or re create species in Pinophyta from natural forest, planting protective forests with trees in Pinophyta Spending a part of funds from annual Extension for modeling training, transferring planted knowledge to households ,individual and communities Part of the annual funding is spent for breeding and transferring the plant growing techniques in Pinophyta - Attracting funds from various sources to develop species in Pinophyta views as the people's own capital, the private sector, direct investment from abroad - Setting multiple models in Pinophyta forest has science and conservational values at villages, ethnic minorities From that, people can see the role and significance recreation reserve This could change the perception and farming practices of the people in the buffer zone of Xuan Nha Nature reserve 4.5.1 Completing the institutional, policy and law Strengthen inspection and management, detecting, preventing and prohibiting the mining, exporting trade of species under the provisions of law -Propaganda to raise awareness of staff and the people so that they understand and abide by the Forest Protection and Development Law, Biological Diversity Law - Raising competence enforcement for staff (protectors) in Nature Reserve, Ensuring the qualifications, competence, health are effective on communicating and 51 educating laws, handling of violations in the field forest protection and forest product management - Strengthening state management of conservation and development of flora in forest base on decentralized management sides of departments and localities; developing policies to encourage, support and ensure the benefits to organizations and individuals in the protection and development of rare and precious flora 4.6 Economic and social Solutions Because of the demand for socio-economic development, the issue of conservation of biodiversity must be reasonable given depending on the specific conditions of each locality, but mostly preservation must be ensured social security and associated with the economic development of Xuan Nha Nature reserve Need to build the programs that raise awareness of people who live in core zones and buffer zones and from all ages, especially to local leaders, village elders and chiefs by different approaches so that local people join hands with the area managers, scientists to conserve species in Pinophyta and conserve sectors Communication Biodiversity The dependence of people on forest in Nature Reserve are great so we should take the suitable roadmap for the next stages to reduce the burden and pressure on forests by local people, to help local people life does not depend on forests by encourage programs reforestation and protection forests and people can get benefit from protecting forests in his local Building a model of ecotourism in nature reserve and improving facilities for normal patterns of traveling so that people involved in tourism, increased income and was more conscious in protecting forest, reducing exploitation and pressuring on forests and protecting forest ecosystems in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve is sustainable when people benefit from the forests 52 4.7 Challenges and Opportunity 4.7.1 Challenges Pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve is diverse with 13 species and those species have much of value However, Pinophyta species has been facing threats such as : - Accurate data on pinophyta species, their distribution and the threats that they face is often unknow - Loss of traditional land management and its associated knowledge - Loss and fragmentation of remaining natural areas - Lack of plant conservation skills and infrastructure shortages - Natural disaster - Environment destroyted by human activities 4.7.2 Opportunity By addressing the wider socio-economic and political role of pinophyta species and the environment, Xuan Nha Nature Reserve will be able to grow and gain support from their local communities and political leaders People realize important role of biodiversity in general and pinophyta value in particular More technical and solution for conservation purposes 53 V DISCUSSION The aim of this thesis was to assessthe status of plant species of pinophyta species, study ecosystems characteristic, habitat and distribution of pinophyta species, research in challenge and oppotunity of pinophyta conservation and propose solution to protect biodiversity of pinophyta species and apply knowledge to contribute conservation of pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Natural Reserve We found out 13 pinophyta species in 09 transect lines, our investigation show that Po mu has 12 mature trees and 24 regereration trees, Du sam nui dat has mature trees 17 regereration trees, Thong nang has mature trees and3 regereration trees, Bach xanh has mature trees and 23 regeneration trees We have found individual species of Kim giao and individuals species of Sa moc dau, De tung soc trang has individual species, we found out 19 individual species of Thong pa co and 10 individual species of Thong xuan nha We haven’t found any regeneration tree of Kim giao, Sa moc dau, De tung soc trang, Thong pa co and Thong xuan nha species Because the terrain is complicated and fragmented, we can’t make investigation in many areas, so the number of tree which we have found maybe take small part of existing pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve 54 VI CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEMDATION 6.1 Conclusion Plant of Pinophyta in Xuan Nha nature reserve is quite diversity with 13 species, belong to families Of them 10 species listed in The World Red Book IUCN 2014, species listed in Viet Nam Red Book 2007, species listed in Decree 32/2006/NĐ-CP of government The results of the research show that Pinophyta species distribute at all elevation levels Most of them distribute at elevation from 1500-1886 m with species ( Fokienia hodginsii, Podocarpus neriifolius, Podocarpus neriifolius , Cunninghamia knonishii , Dacrycarpus imbricatus , Nageia fleuryi ,Amentotaxus argotaenia ,Dacrydium elatum ) take 61,54 % The elevation from 1000-1500 m have species ( Fokieniea hodginsii, Pinus kwangtungensis , Calocedrus macrolepis ) take 23,1% The elevation from 5001000 m have species (Keteleeria evelyniana , Gnetum latifolium , Pinus kwang tungensis, Pinus cernua ) take 30,77 % Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A Henry & H Thomas distribute at elevation from 1000-1500 m and 1500-1886m Regeneration ratio is 750 trees/ha Regeneration trees grow at good status and have high grow potential Keteleeria evelyniana Mast distribute at elevation from 500-1000 m Regeneration trees of this species have the status range from nomarl to good, but the number of individual is low, so the grow potential is low Dacrycarpus imbricatus Blume was found out at transect line Chieng Hin hamlet - Pha Luong mountain and Nga hamlet - Pha Luong mountain Dacrycarpus imbricatus distribute at the elevation from 1500-1886 m The regeneration ratio under parent trees are 833 trees/ha but the number of individual species is low Nageia fleuryi (Hickel) de Laub distribute at elevation from 1500-1886 m We found only one individual regeneration tree of this species under parent tree 55 Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz distribute at the elevation from 1000-1500 m The regeneration ratio of this species is 1042 trees/ha , high grow potential Amentotaxus argotaenia (Hance) Pilger distribute at elevation from 1500-1886 m Regeneration ratio is 469 trees/ha Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang distribute at the elevation from 500-1000m and from 1000-1500m There are no regeration trees of this species Pinus cernua distribute at elevation from 500-1000m We found no regeneration tree in the study area We propose some solution to conserve Pinophyta species such as in-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation, solution of mechanism , policy and attraction of investment, completing the institutional, policy and law for economy-social of study area 6.2 Recommendation More research need to conduct on conservation Pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, espcially on prapogation More research need to conduct on other rarely species in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve We need to improve management skill of staff, improve their knowledge, propaganda knowledge about rarely species, attracting investment capital to better conservation of Pinophyta species in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve 56 REFERENCES Le Mong Chan, Le Thi Huyen (2000), “Forest Plant”, Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi Nguyen Tien Hiep, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Duc Luu, Philip Ian Thomas, Alios Farjon, 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