Research on assessment of density and suggestion for conservation of the anotiectochilus cetaceus blume in ba vi national park

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS RESEARCH ON ASSESSMENT OF DENSITY AND SUGGESTION FOR CONSERVATION OF THE Anotiectochilus cetaceus Blume IN BA VI NATIONAL PARK Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Pham Kim Hong Student ID: 1254040533 Class: K57 Natural Resources Management Course: 2012 - 2016 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Dr Le Xuan Truong Ha Noi, October 3, 2016 ACKNOWLEDGENTS To achieve this research, during the implementation process, in addition to our own efforts, we have received the enthusiastic helping of Dr Le Xuan Truong, other organizations and departments On this occasion, we would like to express a gratitude to Dr Le Xuan Truong who has directly guided us to complete this Thread We also would like to thank the teachers in Viet Nam forestry university have imparted to us the knowledge to perform this topic Thank Management staff, rangers of the Ba Vi national park During the topic implementing process, even though we had a lot of effort, because of time and professional qualifications is limited, and the initial unfamiliarity acquainted with the actual work, so our research subject inevitable shortcomings We look forward to receive some comments of teachers for our subject more perfect I sincerely thank you! Ha Noi, September 30, 2016 INDEX ACKNOWLEDGENTS INDEX LIST OF TABLE LIST OF IMAGE CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The concept of biodiversity and biodiversity conservation 1.2.1 Biodiversity: 1.2.2 Biodiversity conservation: 1.3 Research overview about Anoectochilus setaceus Blum 1.3.1 In the world 1.3.2 In Viet Nam: CHAPTER II NATURAL – ECONOMIC – SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN BA VI NATIONAL PARKS 2.1 Natural conditions: 2.1.1 Geographical location: 2.1 Topographic: 2.1.3 Climate: 2.1.4 Biodiversity: 2.1.5 Hydrology 2.1.6 Forest resources and forest lands 2.2 Economic – social conditions 2.2.1 Population, ethnic, labor 2.2.2 Agricultural production 2.2.3 Forestry production 2.2.6 Infrastructure CHAPTER III GOALS AND (SPECIFIC) OBJECTIVES 10 3.1 Objective 10 3.2 Object: 10 3.3 Timeline: 10 CHAPTER IV METHOD 11 4.1 Collect existing data: 11 Fieldwork method: 11 4.2.1 Explore preliminary: 11 4.2.2 Interview Survey methods: 11 4.2.3 Make plot: 13 4.2.4 Data analysis: 14 4.2.6 Solutions proposed method: 15 From the research results and the actual situation locally collected information, assess the difficulties and advantages, opportunities and challenges in the management and conservation of the species in the study area The solution must be realistic 15 CHAPTER V RESULT 16 5.1 Morphological characteristics: 16 5.2 The diversity of the number of individuals according to the state forest: 18 5.3 The diversity of the number of individuals according elevation: 20 5.4 The diversity of the number of individuals according aspect: 22 5.5 Conservation and development solutions the number of individuals of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in the study area: 24 5.5.1 The work of protection forest: 24 5.5.2 Advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges in the conservation and development of species in Ba Vi National Park: 24 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION, CONSTRAINS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 28 6.1 Conclusions: 28 6.2 Constrains: 29 6.3 Recommendations: 29 REFERENCE LIST OF TABLE Table 4.1: The list of people interviewed about Anoectochilus setaceus Blum in Ba Vi National Park 12 Table 5.1 Distribution of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume according to the state of forest 19 Table 5.2 Geographical characteristics of the study area 21 Table 5.4 Density of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume according aspect 23 LIST OF IMAGE Picture 5.1: The roots of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume 17 Picture 2: The leave of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume (Front) 17 Picture 5.3: The leave of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume (Back) 17 Picture 5.4: Flower of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi National Park 18 Picture 5.5 Map of distribution of species according the state forest 20 Picture 5.5 Map of location of plots according aspect 22 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Manage of forest resources in the national parks is one of the methods for natural resource management together with the development of economic, cultural, and social in the ecological system Today, while the population rapid growth, the demand for human resources tends to increase Therefore, the natural resources of people are threatened Our country is a country located in the tropical monsoon region, with favorable natural conditions, so that forest resources are very rich and diverse Many years ago, the value of forests is protecting the environment, national security etc In addition, forests are important in providing products of timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) NTFPs are product not timber, is extracted from natural forests, planted forests and valuable NTFPs are functional park of forest ecosystem It is the income of local people Beside NTFPs help stability about security and economic for people's lives, create jobs, conserve indigenous knowledge and environmental values We contribute to the protection of forests, water regulation, erosion control, biodiversity conservation However, information on NTPFs economic value is limited Hence the biodiversity conserver of the species still faces many difficulties Hence, we need to focus research with the aim of assessing diversity, conserving species diversity Ba Vi National Parks was established in 1991, it is precious natural heritage with scenery beautiful Flora of BVNP very rich and diversified with 1201 tracheophyta to appertain 649 limb and 160 family Beside, medicinal herbs of Ba Vi National Park has 503 species: Asarum maximum, Sargentodoxa cuneata, Fibraurea tinctoria etc ne of species has important role on medical and make livelihood for local people is Anoectochilus setaceus Blume It belongs to the family Orchidaceae, is the herbs very rare and precious of Vietnam The action of it is strengthening health, and treatment of hepatitis, bronchitis In Viet Nam, Anoectochilus setaceus Blume it was purchased with price about 3.000.000đ/kg In BVNP, Anoectochilus setaceus Blume lives in elevation from 930m, in thick forest However, we have a litter literature on the species and because the role Anoectochilus setaceus Blume so I make this research “Research on diversity and suggestion conservation the Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi National Park” 1.2 The concept of biodiversity and biodiversity conservation 1.2.1 Biodiversity: In 1989, World Wildlife Fond (WWF) was defied about biodiversity that mean: “Biological diversity – or biodiversity – is the term given to the variety of life on Earth It is the variety within and between all species of plants, animals and micro-organisms and the ecosystems within which they live and interact” Biodiversity has three levels: genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity According Conservation on Biological Diversity in 1992, "Biological diversity" means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems” According Biological diversity laws, biodiversity is abundant about genetic, species and ecosystem in the natural Biodiversity serve for human life on development of economic - social, it offers products aimed at consumers and merchants Besides, biodiversity and the landscape also provide tourism (ecotourism), water regulation, protection of environment, especially the impact of climate change on people But the understanding of human about biodiversity are very limited, just stop on the assessment of the diversity of life forms and their recession levels Currently, no one can confirm how many plants and animals and microorganisms living on Earth now Can estimate about to 30 million species, but most biologists think there are about 14 million species, of which only about 1.7 million species have been described and named, but some species are fully studied then very little Genetic diversity and biodiversity are not visible clearly and our understanding of this field is still very meager 1.2.2 Biodiversity conservation: Biodiversity conservation is process of management some relationship between people with genetics, species and ecosystems to provide highest benefit for current generation and demand for the next generation According WWF, Conserving biodiversity means ensuring that natural landscapes, with their array of ecosystems, are maintained, and that species, populations, genes, and the complex interactions between them, persist into the future Biodiversity conservation relies on a number of disciplines working together, including ecology and other biological sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, and the social sciences such as economics, law, public policy and psychology According Biological diversity laws, biological diversity conservation is the protection of the abundance of natural ecosystems, typical or representative; protect natural habitats and seasonal routine of wildlife, landscape and environment, the beauty of nature; farming, planting, tending species on the list of endangered species, rare and protected precedence; retention and long-term preservation of genetic specimens There are many approaches to biological diversity conservation such as: - In-situ conservation: The conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties (Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992) - Ex-situ conservation: Ex situ conservation literally means, "Off- site conservation" It is the process of conserving components of biological diversity by removing or restricting them from a natural habitat and then managing them in a controlled or modified environment The degree to which humans control or modify the natural dynamics of the managed population varies widely, and this may include alteration of living environments, reproductive patterns, access to resources, and protection from predation and mortality Ex situ management can occur within or outside a species’ natural geographic range Individuals maintained ex situ exist outside of an ecological niche - Rehabilitation: Ecological rehabilitation, that is including some work such as restoration of ecosystems in areas have been degraded by farming the native species, recreating the ecological processes, creating the material cycle , hydrological regime The important goal of conservation biology is to protect individual representative of the ecosystem and the compound of biodiversity 1.3 Research overview about Anoectochilus setaceus Blum 1.3.1 In the world We have many researches about Anoectochilus setaceus Blume In 1810, Carlvon Blume is the first human describe Anoectochilus setaceus Blume According Sri Lanka, Anoectochilus setaceus Blume has been collecting extensively and illegally for medicinal as well as ornamental purposes Indian humans was knows use about it in medicine In Southeast Asia, China is the countries use the most, beside is Korea, Japan etc According magazine about Material medical and public health – in October, 2007 has some posts about the role of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume such as: - Mr Ta Moc Huan - Chinese scholar – when studying “Trung” medicine in 2004 talked about the effect of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume - In 1964, Mr.Can Vi Tung said that: Anoectochilus setaceus Blume is a valuable medicine in the pharmacies of Taiwan CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION, CONSTRAINS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 Conclusions: - Anoectochilus setaceus Blume is herbaceous plant, growing underground Therefore the number of individuals was determined only at the time of the study due to the natural succession of species - Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in the study area distributed with low density in establised plots There were 173 individuals distributing mainly at the elevation from 1000m and Northeast direction - Anoectochilus setaceus Blume distributed in natural forests with high coverage density, around 80% - 85% Distribution density of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume changes by elevation, exposure direction - Within years, the National Park has confirmed no cases of violation of brocade spread exploitation However in the process of interviewing people, because of the high price, there have been many people illegal mining Anoectochilus setaceus Blume has been strongly affected by the direct exploitation of the people and some mining forestry activities, land conversion - Initial assessing of forest protection, benefits, constraints, opportunities and challenges in the conservation and development of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi National Park - Recommending groups of species conservation and development in the region, including measures on organization management, policy solutions and engineering solutions 28 6.2 Constrains: - Study time is limited so the topic was not investigated comprehensively in the research area - Only initial assessing the impacts on conservation and development of species such as the management, there were not the conditions to study the factors affecting the sustainable development of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in the other aspects - The interview process was difficult because many people did not dare to tell the truth that they had been or not exploited the species on the list of prohibited exploiting species - The study did not have conditions to research on phonological characteristics, forest structure, species breeding capabilities in research areas to breed for conservation and development 6.3 Recommendations: - Continuing to expand the scope of research in the area of Ba Vi National Park - There should be in-depth study on the assessment of changes in forest resources, land resources, forest structure where Anoectochilus setaceus Blume is usually distributed - Need to develop experiments of breeding methods 29 REFERENCE Anoectochilus setaceus Blume,Bịdr, 411 (1825) Bộ Khoa học Công nghê (2007), Sách đỏ Việt Nam, (Phần thực Vật), Nxb Khoa học tự nhiên & cơng nghệ Hà Nội Chính phủ nước Cộng Hòa xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam (2006), Nghị định số 32/2006/NĐCP ngày 30 tháng năm 2006 Cây thuốc quý,(2007), theo tạp chí dược liệu sức khỏe cộng đồng số 93 tháng 10 năm 2007 Phung Van Phe (22th October 2009 ), Morphological and ecological charactersistics and distribution of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Ba Vi National Park, Ha Noi Phùng Văn Phê, Bùi Thế Đồi ( 2011) Nghiên cứu chăm sóc mơ Lan kim tuyếnAnoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl giai đoạn vườn ươm Bui Manh Hung, Practice guidance forest survey Tran Thi Hong Thuy, Do Thi Hong Gam, Nguyen Khac Hung,ect ( August, 2015) In vitro micropropagation of an endangered medicinal orchild (Anoectochilus setaceus Blume) through protocorm-like bodies Vu Hoai Sam*, Duong Thi Phuc Hau, Ta Nhu Thuc Anh, ect (May 10th 2016) in vitro conservation of dendroium nobile lindl and Anoectochilus setaceus Blums by slow growth culture Ngôn Văn Tài (2007),Nghiên cứu đặc điểm sinh vật học, đặc điểm phân bố loài Lan kim tuyến vườn quốc gia Ba Vì làm sở cho việc bảo tồn phát triển lồi.Khóa luận tốt nghiệp trường Đại học Lâm Nghiệp APPENDIX The form question interview: THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Indepence – Freedom – Happiness THE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS Interviewer:………………………………………….…………Date:………………… Interviewees:…………………………………………………….Job: ………………… I The knowledge about Anoectochilus setaceus Blum: What you know about Anoectochilus setaceus Blum? … Where you see it? Number of individuals: more or less? What are the benefits of plants? II Impact of exploitation: What is status of exploitation? What is the effect of exploitation? III Solution to protect: Can you give some method to protect is species? Do you have some propose to manage? Picture : Area make plot We need to know about the growth of each tree, so I will show by table: Plot:………… Total individual: ……… Sampler: Pham Kim Hong Co-ordinate:……………… Date: ………………… Table : Tree growth of each plot Number No Noted Height (cm) of leaves *: such as: has flower, mature trees, has shoot etc ( *) Plot: Total individual: 50 Sampler: Pham Kim Hong Co-ordinate: 21o3’31’’N; 105021’60’’E Date: 18/7/2016 Table Characteristic of tree growth in plot Number No Height (cm) Noted of leaves 10 15 3 20 10 2 10 11 10 12 12 13 10 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 20 15 21 20 22 2 23 has shoot has flower 24 25 26 27 15 28 10 29 12 30 15 31 32 33 2 34 35 36 10 37 15 38 39 40 41 10 42 43 44 45 46 47 10 48 49 50 10 The average of height: 8.12 cm The average of leave: 3.08 Plot: Total individual: 15 Sampler: Pham Kim Hong Co-ordinate: 2103’39’’N, 105021’43’’E Date: 18/7/2016 Table Characteristic of tree growth in plot Number No Height (cm) Noted of leaves 3 3 8 9 10 10 11 20 12 15 13 10 14 15 The average of height: 7.9 The average of leave: 3.08 has shoot Plot: Total individual: 88 Sampler: Pham Kim Hong Co-ordinate: 2103’36’’N; 105021’53’’E Date: 18/7/2016 Table 7.3 Characteristic of tree growth in plot No Number Height (cm) of leaves 3 12 3 8 10 11 12 10 13 15 14 20 15 2 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 10 24 11 25 15 Noted 10 has shoot has shoot 26 27 28 10 29 2 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 10 45 11 46 47 48 2 49 50 51 52 15 53 54 55 56 57 58 has shoot 59 60 4 61 62 63 10 64 11 65 15 66 12 67 68 69 70 15 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 10 has flower 82 15 has flower 83 15 has flower 84 10 has flower 85 14 has flower 86 17 has flower 87 88 The average of height : 8.1 The average of leave: 3.6 has shoot Plot: Total individual: 17 Sampler: Pham Kim Hong Date: 18/7/2016 Co-ordinate: 2103’42’’N; 105021’42’’E Table 7.4 Characteristic of tree growth in plot Number No Height (cm) of leaves 3 15 10 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 The average of height: 7.1 The average of leave: 3.1 Noted Calculate the quantity: * Density of Anoectochilus setaceus Blum/ha Estimate the population mean: μ = (50 + 88 + 17 + 15) / = 42.5 Average tree is 42.5 trees/plot or 42.5trees/0.1ha So in ha, the average tree is 425trees/ha (Confidence interval of estimate is 95%) Assessment of species diversity: Using index diversity: H=- ( Ni/N )log2 (Ni/N ) H: index diversity Ni: number of Anoectochilus setaceus Blum in a plot N: total of species in plot In my research, I will calculate index diversity H in each plot, and then I will determine average H From the data in the table, I have: H = -1.44