Scientific english for biotechnology lesson 5 ii meiosis sv

SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY CHAPTER CELL - MEIOSIS Phat Xuan Dinh Ph.D, DVM Question and Answer Compare meiosis vs mitosis Definition Meiosis A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes, producing two haploid cells Mitosis A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in each resulting diploid cell Compare meiosis vs mitosis Meiosis Function Type of Reproduction Mitosis Cellular Genetic reproduction diversity and general through sexual growth and reproduction repair of the body Sexual Asexual Compare meiosis vs mitosis Meiosis Humans, Occurs in animals, plants, fungi Genetically Different Yes, mixing of Crossing Over chromosomes can occur Pairing of Yes Homologs Mitosis All organisms Identical No, crossing over cannot occur No Compare meiosis vs mitosis Number of Divisions Number of Daughter Cells produced Chromosome Number Meiosis Mitosis haploid cells diploid cells Reduced by half Remains the same Compare meiosis vs mitosis Steps (Meiosis 1) Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I; (Meiosis 2) Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II Discovered Oscar Hertwig by Prophase, Metaphase , Anaphase, Telophase Walther Flemming Compare meiosis vs mitosis Steps Karyokinesis Cytokinesis (Meiosis 1) Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I; (Meiosis 2) Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase Occurs in Occurs in Interphase I Interphase Occurs in Telophase I and Occurs in in Telophase II Telophase Compare meiosis vs mitosis Centromeres Split The centromeres not separate during anaphase I, but during anaphase II Creates Sex cells only: female egg cells or male sperm cells Discovered by Oscar Hertwig The centromeres split during anaphase Makes everything other than sex cells Walther Flemming Question and answer What is a diploid cell? Question and answer How many cells are formed per cell cycle in Mitosis? Meiosis? Question and answer Are daughter cells genetically identical in Mitosis? Meiosis? Question and answer How many chromosomes does each parent contribute to the offspring? Question and answer Meiosis and Mitosis are both preceded by what? Question and answer In meiosis, there are two consecutive cell divisions, called what? What they result in?? Question and answer What does the first division of meiosis separate? Question and Answer Question and answer What does the second division of meiosis separate? Question and answer The daughter cells produced in Meiosis have chromosomes as the parent cell Question and answer Meiosis I is preceded by , in which the chromosomes are replicated to form sister chromatids Question and answer What are genetically identical and joined at the centromere? Question and answer In interphase of Meiosis, what happens to a single centrosome? Question and answer Division in Meiosis I occurs in four phases, which are what? Question and answer What are the several key differences between Meiosis and Mitosis? The chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid in meiosis but is conserved in mitosis Mitosis produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent and to each other Meiosis produces cells that are genetically distinct from the parent cell and from each other Question and answer What are Sister chromatids ? Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere A chromatid (Greek khrōmat- 'color' + id) is one copy of a duplicated chromosome, which is generally joined to the other copy by a single centromere