Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture

Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture Lec 4: Viet nam fisheries and aquaculture

VIETNAM FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE Global fish production has grown steadily in the last five decades, with food fish supply increasing at an average annual rate of 3.2 percent, outpacing world population growth at 1.6 percent World per capita apparent fish consumption increased from an average of 9.9 kg in the 1960s to 19.2 kg in 2012 (preliminary estimate) This impressive development has been driven by a combination of population growth, rising incomes and urbanization, and facilitated by the strong expansion of fish production and more efficient distribution channels China has been responsible for most of the growth in fish availability, owing to the dramatic expansion in its fish production, particularly from aquaculture Its per capita apparent fish consumption also increased an average annual rate of 6.0 percent in the period 1990–2010 to about 35.1 kg in 2010 Annual per capita fish supply in the rest of the world was about 15.4 kg in 2010 (11.4 kg in the 1960s and 13.5 kg in the 1990s) The proportion of fisheries production used for direct human consumption increased from about 71 percent in the 1980s to more than 86 percent (136 million tonnes) in 2012, with the remainder (21.7 million tonnes) destined to non-food uses (e.g fishmeal and fish oil) Worldwide, 15 countries produced 92.7 percent of all farmed food fish in 2012 Among them, Chile and Egypt became million-tonne producers in 2012 Brazil’s global ranking has improved significantly in recent years In contrast, Thailand, after its record-high production of 1.4 million tonnes in 2009, saw its production fall to 1.3 million tonnes in 2010 and 1.2 million tonnes in 2011 and 2012, mainly owing to widespread flood damage in 2011 and the dive in shrimp yield as a consequence of early mortality syndrome Cut to just over half a million tonnes by the 2011 tsunami, Japan’s aquaculture production recovered slightly to more than 0.6 million tonnes in 2012 Production peaked at more than 0.6 million tonnes in both the United States of America and the Republic of Korea in 2004 and 2007, respectively In 2012, their respective production levels were slightly more than 0.4 million tonnes and just less than 0.5 million tonnes Farmed food fish production has been rising steadily among the other leading producers, except in Chile, where disease outbreaks in marine cage culture of Atlantic salmon hit production in 2009–2010 before recovery and further expansion in production in 2011–12 Among the leading producers, the major groups of species farmed and the farming systems vary greatly India, Bangladesh, Egypt, Myanmar and Brazil rely very heavily on inland aquaculture of finfish while their potential for mariculture production of finfish remains largely untapped Norwegian aquaculture, however, rests almost exclusively on finfish mariculture, particularly marine cage culture of Atlantic salmon, an increasingly popular species in the world market Chilean aquaculture is similar to that of Norway but it also has a significant production of molluscs (mostly mussels) and finfish farmed in freshwater, and all farmed species are targeted at export markets In Japan and the Republic of Korea, well over half of their respective food fish production is marine molluscs, and their farmed finfish production depends more on marine cage culture Half of Thailand’s production is crustaceans, consisting mostly of internationally traded marine shrimp species Indonesia has a relatively large proportion of finfish production from mariculture, which depends primarily on coastal brackish-water ponds It also has the world’s fourth-largest marine shrimp farming subsector In the Philippines, finfish production overshadows that of crustaceans and molluscs The country produces more finfish from mariculture than freshwater aquaculture, and about one-fourth of the mariculture-produced finfish, mostly milkfish, are harvested from cages in marine and brackish water In Viet Nam, more than half of the finfish from inland aquaculture are Pangasius catfish, which are traded overseas In addition, its crustacean culture subsector, including marine shrimps and giant freshwater prawn, is smaller only than that of China and Thailand China is very diversified in terms of aquaculture species and farming systems, and its finfish culture in freshwater forms the staple supply of food fish for its domestic market Its finfish mariculture subsector, especially marine cage culture, is comparatively weak, with only about 38 percent (395 000 tonnes) being produced in marine cages Note: APR refers to the average annual percentage growth rate for 2002–2012 Trade in fish and fishery products is characterized by a wide range of product types and participants Table 16 shows the top ten exporters and importers in 2002 and 2012 Since 2002, China has been, by far, the largest exporter, but its imports are also growing Since 2011, it has become the world’s third-largest importing country, after the United States of America and Japan The increase in its imports is partly a result of outsourcing China’s processors import raw material from all major regions, including South and North America and Europe, for reprocessing and re-export However, this growth also reflects China’s surging domestic consumption of species not available from local sources In 2013, China’s trade of fish and fishery products reached a new record, with exports valued at US$19.6 billion and imports at US$8.0 billion Norway, the second major exporter, has a diverse product mix, ranging from farmed salmonids to small pelagic species and traditional whitefish products The recovery in Arctic cod has also allowed the country to expand its markets for fresh cod products In 2013, Norway further increased its fishery exports to US$10.4 billion, up 16.4 percent on 2012 Thailand and Viet Nam are the third- and fourth-largest exporters In 2013, Thailand experienced a decline in its exports (to US$7.0 billion, down more than 13 percent on 2012), as disease problems reduced farmed shrimp production In both countries, the processing industry contributes significantly to the domestic economy through job creation and trade Thailand is a processing centre of excellence largely dependent on imported raw material In contrast, Viet Nam has a growing domestic resource base and imports only limited, albeit growing, volumes of raw material Its rising exports are linked to its flourishing aquaculture industry, in particular to the production of Pangasius and of both marine and freshwater shrimps and prawns Vietnam seafood export value Vietnam will hit USD 7.9 billion in the value of seafood exports for 2014 due to high growth in key products General Secretary of the Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers, Nguyen Hoai Nam said the world market had seen recovery, and sales of seafood products has risen more than other types of food Meanwhile, Vietnam maintained stable and high quality seafood supplies, as the nation was estimated to gain a year-on-year increase of 18% in seafood export values for this year, rising to USD 7.9 billion The value of shrimp exports in 2014 was expected to reach 22% year-on-year, surging to USD 3.8 billion, while the value of tra fish exports would be USD 1.8 billion, he said 2015, Vietnam seafood export: 6.7 B, shrimp export: 2.95 B ≈ 44% (tiger shrimp: 0.98 B ≈ 33%, white shrimp: 1.7 B ≈ 58%), tra catfish: 1.6 B ≈ 24% Vietnam seafood export market structure (2013) Vietnam seafood export product structure (2013) The European Union (Member Organization) is, by far, the largest single market for imported fish and fishery products In 2012, its imports were valued at US$47.0 billion, down percent on 2011, and representing 36 percent of total world imports However, official statistics also include trade among its partners If intraregional trade is excluded, its fishery imports were worth US$24.9 billion in 2012 – still making it the largest market, with about 23 percent of world imports Preliminary data for 2013 show its imports growing percent relative to 2012, to more than US$50 billion (US$26 billion excluding trade within the region) Its dependence on imports for fish consumption is growing This is a result of the positive underlying trend in consumption, but also evidence of internal constraints on further expansion of supply The United States of America and Japan are the largest single importers of fish and fishery products and also highly dependent on imports for fish consumption (at about 60 and 54 percent, respectively, of their total fish supply) Japan, traditionally the largest single importer of fish, was overtaken by the United States of America in 2011, but again became the main importer in 2012 at US$18.0 billion In 2013, its imports declined by about 15 percent, to US$15.3 billion, as the combined dampening effect of high prices and a weak yen compounded a long-term decline in underlying demand In 2013, the fishery imports of the United States of America reached US$19.0 billion, up percent on 2012 owing to: do, vì, ngun nhân dive: lặn, (nghĩa bóng): suy giảm untapped: chưa khai thác rely on = rest on = depend on: dựa vào, phụ thuộc vào staple (a): chủ yếu outsource: thuê Surge: tăng lên, Pelagic ≠ demersal fish: cá ≠ cá đáy Albeit: Flourishing (a): hưng thịnh, thịnh vượng Dampen: nản chí