(Luận văn) the happiness of vietnamese, micro analysis of happiness determinants in the case of binh dinh province

t to INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUES VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS ng UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS hi ep w n lo VIETNAM – NETHERLANDS ad ju y th PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS yi pl THE HAPPINESS OF VIETNAMESE: MICRO-ANALYSIS al n ua OF HAPPINESS DETERMINANTS IN THE CASE OF n va BINH DINH PROVINCE ll fu oi m at nh A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of z MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS z k jm ht vb By n n va Dr TRAN ANH TUAN a Lu Academic Supervisor: om l.c gm HO DAI NGHIA y te re i th HO CHI MINH CITY, AUGUST 2013 t to Acknowledgements ng hi During the time of studying in Vietnam – Netherlands programme for Master of ep Arts in Developing Economics, I have learned so much helpful knowledge w Therefore, I would like to thank to Programme and all the teachers that have n lo taught me in this time ad y th I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my research supervisors, Dr ju Anh Tuan, for his patient guidance, industrious encouragement and fruitful yi pl critiques of this research work Besides my supervisor, I want to acknowledge ua al the tremendous support that I received from Dr Pham Khanh Nam and Prof Dr n Nguyen Trong Hoai for giving me constructive comments and warm n va encouragement fu ll I would like to offer my special thanks to many friends at People's Committee of m oi Binh Dinh for your assistance and helpful advice with the eye glance data at nh reduction process Without your guidance and persistent help this thesis would z not have been possible I am particularly grateful for the assistance given by the z jm ht researching and performing the program vb officer of my university’s library for his help in offering me the resources in k Lastly, the most special thanks go to my best partner and friend, my father, for gm his help in collecting the data analysis and other helpful things My gratitude om l.c also goes to my mother She gave me your unconditional support through all this long process n a Lu n va y te re th ii t to Abstract ng hi Although economic growth is higher in many countries, these nations still have ep no increase or even suffering a depression in average national happiness This w study has carefully examined the determinants of happiness or subject well- n lo being from literature These determinants are divided into three main categories: ad economic determinants, personal and demographic determinants and, finally, y th ju social determinants In addition to, some recent evidence reveal that happiness yi also has the adverse significant effect on these factors and economic growth only pl ua al has restricted effects on happiness level of particular nations In specific case, based on 300 observations and ONS approach, this research paper desires to n n va estimate the magnitude of determinants of happiness in Binh Dinh province at ll fu individual level The results reveal that the mental, physical health, local oi m facilities satisfaction and household income have strong effects on individual’s nh happiness level with high statistical significance Furthermore, the size of at coefficients other several variables, including being a female, having partner, z z high qualification, owned-house status, being employed or living in city is small vb ht and ambiguous It means that they have weak relationships with the happiness jm level Specifically, two variables of age and be employed, have opposed sign as k literature gm l.c Keywords: Subject well-being, Happiness, Economic Growth, Life Satisfaction, om Determinants, Binh Dinh Province n a Lu n va y te re th iii t to Table of Contents ng Acknowledgements ii hi ep Abstract iii List of Tables vi w List of Figures vii n lo Abbreviations viii ad y th Introduction ju Chapter One: Literature Review yi pl 1.1 Happiness notation ua al 1.1.1 Well-being concept n 1.1.2 Object and subject well-being va n 1.1.3 Three dimensions theory ll fu 1.1.4 Conceptual framework 10 oi m 1.2 Determinants of Happiness 11 nh 1.2.1 Happiness and Income 11 at 1.2.2 Happiness and Unemployment 19 z z 1.2.3 Happiness and Inequality 23 vb jm ht 1.2.4 Happiness and Demographic Determinants 24 1.2.5 Happiness and Social Determinants 31 k gm Chapter two: Socio-economic Overview of Binh Dinh province ….33 om l.c 2.1 Overview of Economics factors 33 2.2 Contribution to happiness at glance .34 a Lu 2.3 Some remained obstructions 37 th iv y 3.2 Methodology 46 te re 3.1.2 The questionnaire design- ONS approach 42 n 3.1.1 Data description 42 va 3.1 Data 42 n Chapter Three: Methodology and Data 39 t to 3.2.1 Model specification 46 ng 3.2.2 The research detail function 44 hi ep 3.2.3 Hypothesis statement 49 3.2.4 The description of variables use in this research 49 w Chapter 4: Analysis result 53 n lo ad 4.1 The empirical analysis 53 y th 4.1.1 Multicolinearity test 53 ju 4.1.2 Heteroscedasticity test 53 yi pl 4.2 Analysis result 53 ua al 4.3 Analysis examination 55 n 4.3 Demographics determinants 55 va n 4.2.2 Education and health determinants 56 ll fu 4.2.3 Economic and work determinants 58 oi m 4.2.4 Social life and community relationships determinants 59 at nh Chapter 5: Conclusion and ruture research directions 62 z 5.1 Conclusion and Recommendation 62 z 5.2 Limitation and future research directions 65 vb jm ht APPENDICE 53 Reference 73 k om l.c gm n a Lu n va y te re th v t to List of Tables ng hi Table 1-The description of variables use in the thesis ep Table - Literature findings on determinants affecting happiness level w n Table 3- Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test result lo ad Table 4- WLS and OLS analysis result y th ju Table 5- Coefficients sign comparison yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm n a Lu n va y te re th vi t to List of Figures ng hi Figure 1- Three dimensions of well-being ep Figure 2- Conceptual framework w n Figure 3- GDP per capita and happiness across regions lo ad Figure 4- Happiness and Income in USA y th ju Figure 5- Happiness and Income in Japan yi pl Figure 6- Happiness and Income per Capita across Countries al n ua Figure 7- Labor market status and Average subjective well-being ratings n va Figure 8- Unemployment status and Average subjective well-being ratings ll fu Figure 9- Marriage status and Average life satisfaction ratings m at nh different gender respondents oi Figure 10- Average life satisfaction ratings of the number of children between z Figure 11- Average Happiness and Age through a life cycle z k jm ht vb Figure 12- Gender and Average subjective well-being ratings om l.c gm n a Lu n va y te re th vii t to Abbreviations ng hi APS: Annual Population Survey ep ATUS: Annual Time-Use Survey w n BHPS: British Household Panel Survey lo ad BSPS: British Society for the Philosophy of Science y th ju DEFRA: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs yi pl DHS: Dutch Household Survey al n ua ECHP: European Community Household Panel n va EMA: Ecological Momentary Assessment ll fu ESM: Experience Sampling Method oi m ESS: European Social Survey z FSU: Former Soviet Union at nh ERD: Responsible Development Environment z vb jm ht GDP: Gross Domestic Product k GNH: General National Happiness gm GNP: Gross National Product l.c om GSS: General Social Survey n Syndrome a Lu HIV/AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency n va Hukou: Household Registration Identity te re y IHS: Institute of Human Studies th NEF: New Economic Foundation NEW: Net Economic Benefits viii t to ONS: Office for National Statistics ng PANAS: Positive and Negative Affect Scale hi ep UK: United Kingdom w SWB: Subject well-being n lo ad WVS: World Values Survey ju y th WEF World Economic Forum yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm n a Lu n va y te re th ix t to Introduction ng hi In recent years, a European debt crisis as well as the global economic crisis has set ep for us the question: Whether the targets which countries following are w appropriate? And was it time the world needs a new goal? n lo The world economy has long been using the concept of Gross Domestic Product ad y th (GDP) is the standard to evaluate the prosperity of a country This standard often ju does not include the costs to achieve progress society and the environment yi pl While the rest of the world is playing with the global recession storm, there is a al ua small Buddhist nation that situate on the top of steep Himalayan snow for n thousand years and that has boldly claimed to have found the solution for the va n question the true happiness in where and the objective a nation should pursue? fu ll Bhutan Government initiates to uses the standard "General National Happiness" m oi (GNH) with GDP as the standard to evaluate the prosperity of each country The nh at nations of the world should probably learn to imitate wings of Bhutan to evaluate z the effectiveness of the policy agenda on the basis that it brings happiness to the z ht vb people rather than the economic growth figures for insensitivity Gross National jm Happiness value (Gross National Happiness - GNH) was born from the ideas of k former King of Bhutan, Sir Wangchuck (Alejandro, 2009), is applied from the gm 1970s to replace the concept of Gross national product (GNP) He did not hesitate om l.c to say "no" before the globalization efforts of the West with his famous phrase: "The total national happiness (GNH) is more important than gross national product a Lu (GDP)" As a small country in the Himalayas with about 708,427 people and is y th te re know," he said, referring to the economic downturn worldwide "The n Bhutan: "Just look at the indicators of economic growth will lead to where they va the top in the world Kinley Dorji (1972), secretary of contact information for n one of the poorest countries However, based on GNH, Bhutan's GNH probably is t to previous empirical evidence is conflicting on the relationship between education ng and well-being, the new finding has concluded that having degree qualification hi ep was proved to have a slight negative impact on the happiness level The findings for sex, unemployment, house owning or domestic violence are familiar to w literature though they are statistically insignificant This contrary should be n lo ad carefully examined in further studies to make clear the relationship between ju y th happiness and these factors yi The overall well-being of the population might be cautiously inspected by policy- pl makers when applying alternatives to improve residents’ standard living al n ua The case of Binh Dinh province has given out some important aspects on how to va improve the happiness level and also made recommendations At first, people who n are living in rural may get fewer benefits than living in other locations Therefore, fu ll policy-makers should improve living conditions in rural location rather than just m oi extend it Secondly, mental, physical health and local facilities have robust effects nh at to the individual happiness level Hence, governors should contribute much more z their budget to public health services in order to take care of its people Although z ht vb local facilities are prominent, it still keeps improving The provincial health jm department must put interest in direct support of the management and technical k expertise to lower lines in its system, as well as increasing investment resources gm for the key problems, especially grassroots health Raising awareness and l.c om changing working methods, improving the quality of operations, planning, and implementation steps are effective The work of the organizational structure, a Lu assignment, arrangement of human resources is stable and has complete payroll th 63 y care quality is significantly improved, especially in the application of high te re industry to be developed Disease prevention is actively implemented, and health n construction of new projects and equipment to be enhanced and supplement va levels; health network economy gradually strengthened and improved; basic n employment; staff in the department have increased in number and practical skill t to technology in the health treatment Health department also is often enhanced in ng terms of the professional capabilities and ethical physician; supervision and hi ep technical assistance to grassroots is strengthened Health networks in ethnic minority and mountainous locations are increasingly consolidated and developed, w then, to enhance the ability of control and repel disease Many techniques, new n lo ad treatment regimens shield development, the supply of drugs and medical y th equipment are improved than before People ling in the mountainous and remote ju locations get better health care yi pl Thirdly, the main source of one’s happiness is their income Thus, improving al ua proposal income can make people happier However, the provincial present n economy is suffering many troubles For one thing, the price index and inflation va n close to double higher than the economic growth index is a challenge in fu ll implementing the Government's task In particular, the production will be difficult m oi For another thing, business difficulties will affect the objectives of growth, nh employment, income of workers at z There are many solutions introduced in provincial economic policies to improve z ht vb residents’ income Firstly, people should focus on promoting industrial production jm of agriculture It is necessary to develop a reasonable plan for agricultural k production, and natural disaster prevention in order to achieve the highest gm efficiency This can be done by speeding up the restructuring of agriculture and l.c om the rural economy in the direction of agricultural commodity production quality and efficiency in order to achieve the growth target output value in accordance a Lu with plan n 64 th market, especially in the sales or transfer of houses and land Also, there should be y also essential to have a good development and management of the real estate te re applying the promotional measures such as reduced fares to attract customers It is n as opening a number of domestic and international routes to increase revenue, or va Secondly, policy makers should develop the service industry in air transport, such t to more continued research to reduce telecommunications charges in accordance with ng the world's economic integration roadmap and the region Finally, there must be hi ep some policies to reduce production costs, improve business efficiency and competitiveness of the product For instance, in manufacturing and agriculture, w reduction in production cost depends heavily on prices of raw materials imported n lo ad as food processing and beverages, textiles, clothing, footwear, steel and metal y th products ferrous, machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical products, basic ju chemicals, fertilizers, tires, cars, motorcycles, paper, electronics, plastic products yi pl by encouraging the use of domestic raw material for production to replace ua al imported materials, and improving the organization methods and management of n production, division of production cooperation and specialization should va n reasonably take advantage of depth advantages and production capacity of the ll fu business, to save raw materials, apply technology advance to reduce production oi m costs and improve product competitiveness nh 5.2 Limitation and future research directions at z The present study has certain limitations that need to be taken into account when z ht vb considering the study and its contributions It is considerable to critically evaluate jm the results and the whole study However, some of these limitations mentioned in k the study might give us a clue for future researches under the same context gm Firstly, knowledge scale may be the most obvious limitation of the study It has l.c om focused on a social phenomenon that is very spacious and difficult to handle - the an extensive and complex problem with a narrow empirical back-ground The case 65 th complex for readers to follow However, by understanding something about this y concepts, ideas and approaches in the most reasonable ways, then; it is fairly te re Because of this limitation, it is hard to present the n apprehended precisely va study straightforward brings forth many limitations as long as it could be n a Lu measure of happiness level Obviously, this is a challenging task for researching t to particular case, it also provides a conceptual framework as well as efficient tools ng for further study hi ep Another limitation of this study is the awareness of the concepts of sociology and psychology The research, thought, has carefully represented many logical w n perspectives as well as the theoretical analysis along with it The study is still lo ad difficult to follow ideas presented Thus, instead of trying to exhibit all ideas in ju y th details, the research focused on introducing previous study findings in the most yi general perspective This is more convenient for examining our problems; pl however, it can also be seen as a limitation because it could lead to some al ua misunderstandings In the next, criticism may also make a doubt on way the n number of variables applied in this study The suspicion in literature has received va n many robust arguments as well as explanations In the case of the research, it fu ll decides not to employ all variables researched from literature, and therefore it just m oi simplifies the reality as well as introduces a framework for further research in this nh field Moreover, the theoretical base of this study can be included such a wide at z variety of different perspectives on some variables, then cause an ambiguous, z vb complex and contrast idea as being brought into the research as well as to avoiding jm ht a theoretical conflicts The use of different variables was based on the knowledge k conducted during the development of this field Then, in this specific situation, I gm have come to the conclusion that it is worthwhile to not put all of them into the om l.c research It is important to clarify carefully the meanings of these perspectives and how they relate to each other before combining them In other words to understand a Lu the important and relations of these variables it is put into the model with regard to n 66 th underlying is widening of the study scale, not just one province The next issue y could be involved in future research The most important and obvious problem te re Based on the conclusions as well as the limitations of this study, many issues n va both literature and reality t to need be identified is the interconnection, interplay between the determinants and ng the model in order to have the most precise perspective on these factors hi ep As discussed in the earlier part of this study, various additional perspectives must be involved to enrich the framework on this research However, it would be w n arduous and complicated to combine the perspectives of all these factors into this lo ad research as a background material Therefore, some concepts such as subject well- yi papers ju y th being, object well- being, happiness…should be investigated in other separate pl al The replication of the study at different regions in Vietnam would ensure a better n ua outcome of the study Meanwhile, extending as well as improving data collection n ll fu outcomes va method also help researchers could extract better responses for promoting oi m In this research, the sample collected is only a very small proportion of the entire nh population in the province Therefore, widening the scope of the samples and at variables in the model is still an important task in future research It must be so z z exciting to investigate this subject more widely in other types of areas and vb ht methods than just following the old path There is no doubt that this paper has k jm been developed in a specific aspect and requires more modifications in future gm researches l.c In addition, the observed relationships may be biased in the research by using om common method of measuring happiness level or response variance effect aspects so the collected data seem to be not objective Therefore, this is an n y te re behavior However, the study purpose is perception self-valuated regardless to va inevitable criticism that how effective the study when measuring these cognition n a Lu Moreover, the interviewees’ awareness in this research can be various in some th objective or subject data 67 t to More of qualitative methodology of data collection should be undertaken in future ng to provide wider perspective to the present study because of limitation of hi ep qualitative methodology used in the research The last issue should be concerned about the cause-effect relationships between w n happiness and other variables It is obvious to have robust effects of presented lo ad variables to happiness From many researches such as C Graham, A Eggers and S ju y th Sukhtankar (2004) has confirmed that cause-effect using Russian panel This study yi concludes that people who were happier made more money and were in better pl health in a survey years later Then, providing evidence that income improves al ua happiness significantly, happier people afterward are found to have a lower n marginal propensity to consume and they tend to save more, spend less than before va n Then, happier people take more time to make decisions and have more control fu ll over expenditures, so people can invest and earn higher income in the future As a m oi result, happiness itself affects health, positive cognitive bias such as control, self- nh esteem, optimism and other factors For further research, this relationship should at z be involved in advantage z ht vb In conclusion, the findings in this happiness sector should bring policy-makers jm resourceful information for designing polices for social development of Binh Dinh k province om l.c gm n a Lu n va y te re th 68 t to APPENDICE ng hi ep Appendix 1: Graphs and tables w The correlation matrix between variables n lo Correlation t-Statistic AGE AREA B_A CHILD CRIME EMPLOYED HOME INCOME LOCAL LOG(INCOME) MARRIED MENTAL PHYSICAL SEX ad AGE - y th LOCATION -0.12732 -2.215915 - 0.087473 1.515827 - CHILD 0.193278 3.400622 -0.005069 -0.087499 0.065676 1.136195 CRIME 0.141647 2.470107 -0.118074 -2.052632 -0.098683 -1.711891 EMPLOYED -0.003471 -0.059914 0.009239 0.159497 0.22375 3.963005 0.089365 1.548871 -0.0823 -1.425548 - HOME 0.177286 3.10969 0.118756 2.064655 0.188512 3.313626 0.132367 2.3053 -0.058909 -1.018703 n 0.243409 4.332178 - INCOME -0.157783 -2.758299 0.144719 2.524823 0.401874 7.576116 0.025635 0.442674 -0.226415 -4.012742 0.367925 6.830494 0.372066 6.919633 LOCAL -0.318332 -5.796807 0.09924 1.721652 0.21062 3.719291 -0.033198 -0.573395 -0.286928 -5.170547 0.24537 4.369319 LOG(INCOME) -0.142874 -2.491947 0.077975 1.350175 0.414202 7.855798 0.057361 0.991833 -0.221077 -3.913208 0.379901 7.089647 yi 0.087976 1.524619 pl ju B_A - al - n ua 0.006298 0.108729 va ll fu oi m 0.649908 14.7618 - 0.362272 6.709554 0.949527 52.25409 0.64595 14.60718 - 0.120711 2.099147 0.268262 4.807112 - 0.725732 18.21 0.702849 17.05664 0.077239 1.337344 - 0.657872 15.07926 0.579205 12.2655 0.072759 1.259349 0.744107 19.22771 0.115062 1.999561 -0.03808 -0.657845 at nh 0.202227 3.564635 0.218555 3.86632 0.171511 3.005275 -0.007508 -0.129619 0.227703 4.036808 0.403204 7.606062 MENTAL -0.398542 -7.50139 0.126053 2.193509 0.291275 5.256098 -0.115205 -2.002077 -0.283749 -5.108215 0.26026 4.653138 0.209922 3.706405 0.718199 17.8174 PHYSICAL -0.373495 -6.950513 0.195891 3.448417 0.270709 4.854427 -0.117341 -0.254283 -2.039711 -4.53879 0.247185 4.403724 0.232793 4.13216 0.606474 13.1673 0.060692 1.049633 0.078377 1.357165 0.025446 0.439409 0.079025 1.368457 0.025974 0.448533 -0.04174 -0.721176 k 0.049238 0.851015 jm 0.100461 1.74304 ht SEX 0.258948 4.627994 -0.038352 -0.662553 0.006044 0.104339 - om l.c Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test 9.77E-05 0.001687 gm 0.015413 0.266096 vb 0.298281 5.394699 z z MARRIED Heteroskedasticity Test: Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Prob F(14,285) 0.0000 Obs*R-squared 42.97563 Prob Chi-Square(14) 0.0001 Scaled explained SS 38.74766 Prob Chi-Square(14) 0.0004 n 3.403806 a Lu F-statistic n va y te re th Test Equation: Dependent Variable: RESID^2 69 t to Method: Least Squares ng Date: 03/26/09 Time: 00:41 hi ep Sample: 300 Included observations: 300 w Std Error t-Statistic Prob 1.128290 0.433620 2.602026 0.0098 -0.026402 0.015413 -1.713019 0.0878 0.000416 0.000187 2.220465 0.0272 0.042709 -0.177370 0.8593 0.046756 -0.553955 0.5800 0.042591 0.463951 0.6430 0.201794 0.8402 0.264190 0.7918 lo Coefficient fu n Variable ad C pl LOCATION yi AGE2 ju y th AGE -0.007575 ua al -0.025901 CHILD 0.019760 CRIME 0.010370 0.051389 EMPLOYED 0.012668 0.047951 HOUSE 0.058834 0.048782 LOG_INCOME_ -0.044968 0.077425 -0.580791 MARRIED 0.012413 0.052673 0.235660 SEX -0.005637 0.041425 -0.136077 MENTAL -0.041898 0.028007 -1.495982 0.1358 PHYSICAL 0.014039 0.026186 0.536118 0.5923 LOCAL_FACILITIES -0.005249 0.024894 -0.210868 0.8331 n B_A n va ll oi m 0.2288 at nh 1.206062 0.5618 z z 0.8139 vb 0.368692 S.E of regression 0.349545 Akaike info criterion 0.784338 Sum squared resid 34.82178 Schwarz criterion 0.969527 Hannan-Quinn criter 0.858451 Durbin-Watson stat 1.587962 n S.D dependent var va 0.101166 n Adjusted R-squared a Lu 0.260397 om Mean dependent var l.c 0.143252 gm R-squared k jm ht 0.8919 -102.6506 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000041 th 3.403806 y F-statistic te re Log likelihood Weighted Least Squares analysis result 70 t to ng hi ep Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS_LEVEL Method: Least Squares Date: 03/26/09 Time: 00:52 Sample: 300 Included observations: 300 Weighting series: LOG(INCOME) Weight type: Standard deviation (average scaling) White heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors & covariance w n Coefficient lo Variable ad -4.798837 -0.07596 0.000985 0.112056 0.13041 0.194615 -0.170578 -0.091821 0.12034 0.853113 0.076934 0.125257 0.41812 0.326015 0.183039 ju y th C AGE AGE2 LOCATION B_A CHILD CRIME EMPLOYED HOME LOG_INCOME_ MARRIED SEX MENTAL PHYSICAL LOCAL_FACILITIES Std Error t-Statistic Prob yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m 0.646098 -7.427413 0.029672 -2.559934 0.000384 2.565293 0.069426 1.614026 0.072101 1.808711 0.066457 2.928435 0.088735 -1.922338 0.078011 -1.177029 0.07697 1.563466 0.113401 7.522991 0.082633 0.931028 0.065258 1.919409 0.043286 9.659449 0.040613 8.027378 0.038134 4.799881 0.011 0.0108 0.1076 0.0715 0.0037 0.0556 0.2402 0.1191 0.3526 0.0559 0 at nh Weighted Statistics z R-squared Adjusted R-squared S.E of regression Sum squared resid Log likelihood F-statistic Prob(F-statistic) z 0.884698 0.879034 0.534613 81.45624 -230.1241 156.1984 6.704158 1.234132 1.634161 1.81935 1.708274 1.204289 6.64145 k jm ht vb Mean dependent var S.D dependent var Akaike info criterion Schwarz criterion Hannan-Quinn criter Durbin-Watson stat Weighted mean dep 0.888361 Mean dependent var 0.882877 S.D dependent var 0.523865 Sum squared resid 1.220113 6.796667 1.530729 78.21397 om l.c R-squared Adjusted R-squared S.E of regression Durbin-Watson stat gm Unweighted Statistics n a Lu n va y te re th 71 t to Appendix 2: Questionnaire ng hi I Fill the blank with your answer or stick on the box with your choice: ep How old are you? w Female n What is your sex? lo Urban ad Where you live? Male Other locations y th How much is your household’s income per month? (USD) ju yi Have you got married? No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No pl Yes Do you have any child? n ua al Do you have own house? va n Do you have B.A degree or above? ll fu Did you experience a violent crime? m oi II Please choose a number in the ladder from at the bottom to 10 at the top The top of ladder represents a best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder represents a worst possible life for you Please circle on the point which you consider is the most appropriate to you at nh z z 10 k jm ht vb Overall, how happiness is you got today? 10 10 10 a Lu te re 72 th y Overall, how estimated are you with quality of local facilities? n va n Overall, how estimated are you with your mental health? om l.c gm Overall, how estimated are you with your physical health? t to Reference ng hi ep Alejandro A., 2009 Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: A Living Example of an Alternative Approach to Progress University of Pennsylvania Arthur S., 2010 A Snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States PNAS paper w n lo Bandura R., 2005 Measuring Country Performance and State Behavior: A Survey of Composite Indices UNDP/ODS Background Paper New York, Office of Development Studies ad y th ju Binswanger M., 2006 Why does income growth fail to make us happier? 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