The use ò conceptual metaphors in english and vietnamese idioms with human organs

HỒNG ĐỨC UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES NGUYEN DIEU MAI THE USE OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IDIOMS WITH HUMAN ORGANS THANH HÓA, JUNE 2021 HỒNG ĐỨC UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES THE USE OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IDIOMS WITH HUMAN ORGANS Student : Nguyễn Diệu Mai Class : K20B Supervisor: D.R Nguyễn Thị Quyết THANH HÓA, JUNE 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To complete this graduation thesis, I am deeply indebted to many people for their valuable advice and suggestions First of all, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr Nguyen Thi Quyet, my supervisor who gave me enthusiastic support, helpful advice, and considerable encouragements in the completion of the thesis I also own a deep gratitude to the authority of Hong Duc University, especially the Foreign Language Department in general as well as the lecturers in particular for providing me with a chance to this thesis and good environment and facilities to complete this paper Finally, I wish to send my heartfelt gratitude to my family and friends who are always by my side and give me help and encouragement i ABSTRACT This study investigates the use of conceptual metaphors in English and Vietnamese idioms with human organs Metaphor is for most people a device of the poetic imagination and the rhetorical flourish - a matter of extraordinary rather than ordinary language; moreover, metaphor is typically viewed as characteristic of language alone, a matter of words rather than thought or action The metaphorical idiom is a phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is inferred to another I also inspect how cultures affect the coinage of idioms in Vietnamese and English, examining how and why the metaphorical sources in idioms with the parallel implications would be different or alike Why idioms with human organs would be selected as materials for this investigation rather than others is mainly due to the prevalence of the human organs around us Many idioms unsurprisingly have been coined with the name of it, and the figurative interpretations of the idioms and the human organs themselves share many conceptual similarities, which is the prior requirement to evoke the metaphorical expressions In the present study, English idioms with the Vietnamese correspondents are included For comparing the cultural differences and similarities of these two languages, first, I try to look for some English idioms with human organs from the internet; next, their Vietnamese idioms with similar connotations are searched After inspections, only the English idioms that have the Vietnamese semantically-related counterparts remain to be discussed Those English idioms lacking Vietnamese correspondents and the ones that are too unfamiliar to most people are out of the consideration On this basis, a number of persuasions are put forward for the teaching of English idioms in classes Student Nguyen Dieu Mai ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii ABBREVIATION vi LIST OF TABLE vii PART I: INTRODUCTION PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUNDS………………………… Definitions 1.1 Metaphor 1.2 Conceptual Metaphor 1.2.1 Conceptual System 1.2.2 Notion of Metaphor 1.3 Idioms 1.4 Metaphor in Idioms Metaphors in previous studies 10 2.1 Research abroad 10 2.2 Research in Vietnamese 15 2.3 Lexical metaphor and grammatical metaphor 17 2.3.1 Lexical Metaphor 17 2.3.2 Grammatical Metaphor 18 2.4 Congruent and metaphorical variants 19 2.5 Linguistic metaphor 19 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY……………………………………………… 21 Approach to the study 21 iii Identification of idioms 22 Identification of metaphors 22 Data collection and analysis 24 4.1 Data collection 24 4.1.1 Collecting English idioms 24 4.1.2 Collecting Vietnamese idioms 25 Data Analysis 25 Concluding Remarks 26 CHAPTER 3: CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IDIOMS WITH HUMAN ORGANS 27 BODY PARTS AS CONTAINERS 27 1.1 The Factor: HEAD 27 1.2 The Factor: EYES 31 1.3 The Factor: HEART 34 BODY PARTS WITH POWER AND RESPECT 37 2.1 Holding Something in Hand is in Control 37 2.2 Face of a Man of Honor 41 2.3 Lifted Nose Expessing Pride 45 BODY PARTS AND PERSONALITY 47 3.1 Clean or Dirty Hands is a Manifestation of Personality 47 3.2 Personality is Material 48 3.3 Personality Is Eye - Shaped 50 OTHER CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS 51 4.1 Conceptual Metaphors of Head 51 4.2 Eyesight is also touch 52 4.3 Eyesight is the source of awareness 53 4.4 Metaphors of Face 55 iv 4.5 Shaking Hands Presenting Cooperation 56 PART III : CONCLUSION 59 Recapitulation 59 Limitations 60 Implication for teaching and learning the metaphorical features in English … 60 3.1 Applications of Teaching Idioms 61 3.1.1 Reality 61 3.1.2 Solution 62 3.2 Conceptual Metaphor and Teaching Reading Comprehension 63 Conclusions 65 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………… 66 APPENDIX 1: v ABBREVIATION adv Adverb C Countable pl Plural prep Preposition sing Singular U Uncountable v Verb vi LIST OF TABLE Table 1: Brief description of the semantic features of the factor head 29 Table 2: Brief description of the differences between metaphors in English and Vietnamese idioms with the factor head 31 Table 3: Frequency of the factor HEAD in English and Vietnamese… 31 Table 4: Brief description of the semantic features of the factor eyes 33 Table 5: Brief description of the differences between metaphors in English and Vietnamese idioms with the factor eyes 34 Table 6: Frequency of the factor EYES in English and Vietnamese 34 Table 7: Brief description of the semantic features of the factor heart 36 Table 8: Brief description of the differences between metaphors in English and Vietnamese idioms with the factor heart 36 Table 9: Frequency of the factor HEART in English and Vietnamese 37 Table 10: Brief description of the semantic features of the factor hands 40 Table 11: Brief description of the differences between metaphors in English and Vietnamese idioms with the factor hands 41 Table 12: Frequency of the factor HANDS in English and Vietnamese 41 Table 13: Brief description of the semantic features of the factor face 44 Table 14: Brief description of the differences between metaphors in English and Vietnamese idioms with the factor face 45 Table 15: Frequency of the factor FACE in English and Vietnamese 45 Table 16: Brief description of the semantic features of the factor nose 46 Table 17: Brief description of the differences between metaphors in English and Vietnamese idioms with the factor nose 47 Table 18: Frequency of the factor NOSE in English and Vietnamese……………………………………………………………… 47 vii Table 19: A summary of conceptual metaphors for idioms with the factors head, eyes, heart, hand, nose in idioms 57 Table 20: A summary of conceptual metaphors for English and Vietnamese idioms with human organs 58 viii Eg: Don't let your heart rule your head If you lend him that money you’ll never see it again 55 Soft in the head: Eg: I can’t change my mind now, she’ll think I’ve gone soft in the head 56 Of the top of the your head: Eg: What was the name of that plumber you used? I couldn’t tell you off the top of my head EYES The apple of sb's eye: Eg: His youngest son was the apple of his eye Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: Eg: Personally, I can't understand why she finds him attractive, but they say beauty is in the eye of the beholder Turn a blind eye: Eg: I knew Kenny was taking the money but I turned a blind eye because he was my sister's child Not bat an eye/eyelsh/eyelid: Eg: "So what did she say when you told her you were leaving?" "She didn't bat an eyelid." Have your beady eye on sth/sb: Eg: We'd better not talk – Miss Stricket's got her beady eye on us A bird's eye view: Eg: We had a bird's eye view of the old town from the top of the city walls In the blink of an eye: Eg: In the blink of an eye the handsome prince was transformed into an ugly frog Eye/mind candy: Eg: A lot of these books are little more than eye candy: cute photos with one-line captions and that's about all There wasn't a dry eye in the house: Eg: She began to talk about her son who had died and by the end of her speech there wasn't a dry eye in the house 10 Be easy on the eye: Eg: It's not a painting which is easy on the eye, but it attracts your attention for other reasons 11 Watch sb/sth with an eagle eye, watch sh/sth with eagle eyes: Eg: The teacher was watching the children with an eagle eye, making sure they behaved themselves 12 Catch sb's eys: Eg: She lit a cigarette while he tried to catch the waiter's eye 13 Get your eye in: Eg: It'll take me a while to get my eye in I haven't played for years 14 Have an eye for sth: Eg: He had an eye for the unusual and the exotic which made him a very good shopping companion 15 Cast/run your/an eye over sth: Eg: Would you mind casting an eye over my essay and giving me your comments? 16 Keep your/an eye on sth/sb: Eg: I kept my eye on him all the time as I felt sure she was about to something stupid 17 There is more to sth/sbthan meets the eye: Eg: There must be more to him than meets the eye, or else why would she be interested in him? 18 In your mind's eye: Eg: In mry mind's eye, she is still the little girl she was the last time I saw her 19 Have/keep half an eye on sth/sb: Eg: She kept half an eye on the kids all through 20 Here's mud in your eye! Eg: Well, here's mud in your eye! I hopre you'll both very happy together 21 Give sb the glad eye: Eg: I think you have an admirer That man in the corner is giving you the glad eye 22 In a pig's eye: Eg: Me, in love with Sandra? In a pig's eye I am 23 Be one in the eye for sb: Eg: When I got my degree, I thought, "That's one in the eye for my old head teacher, who said I would never get anywhere 24 Be in the public eye: Eg: It's not always easy being in the public eye 25 A roving eye: Eg: She left her husband because she was fed up with his riving eye 26 Open sb's eyes to sth: Eg: Having children of my own opened my eyes to the hurt I had caused my parents 27 Lay/set eyes on sb/sth: Eg: I've loved him ever since I first set eyes on him 28 Sb's eyes are bigger than their belly/stomach Eg: I can't finish this piece of cake I'm afraid my eyes were bigger than my stomach as usual 29 With your eyes open: Eg: It was difficult to succeed in the acting profession but I went into it with my eyes open 30 Make eyes at sb: Eg: Sally spent the whole evening making eyes at Stephen 31 Couldn't believe your eyes: Eg: She couldn't believe her eyes when she saw him drive up in his new car 32 Sb could sth with their eyes closed/shut: Eg: I've driven along this route so often, I could it with my eyes shut 33 Be all eyes: Eg: We were all eyes as the prince and princess emerged from the palace 34 Have eyes like a hawk: Eg: The supervisor has eyes like a hawk, so be careful she doesn't catch you eating at your desk 35 Close your eyes and think of England: Eg: Just close your eyes and think of England He'll never notice 36 Open sb's eyes to sth: Eg: Having children of my own opened my eyes to the hurt I had caused my parents 37 Lay/set eyes on sb/sth: Eg: I've loved him ever since I first set eyes on him 38 Sb's eyes are bigger than their belly/stomach Eg: I can't finish this piece of cake I'm afraid my eyes were bigger than my stomach as usual 39 With your eyes open: Eg: It was difficult to succeed in the acting profession but I went into it with my eyes open 40 Make eyes at sb: Eg: Sally spent the whole evening making eyes at Stephen 41 Couldn't believe your eyes: Eg: She couldn't believe her eyes when she saw him drive up in his new car 42 Sb could sth with their eyes closed/shut: Eg: I've driven along this route so often, I could it with my eyes shut 43 Be all eyes: Eg: We were all eyes as the prince and princess emerged from the palace 44 Have eyes like a hawk: Eg: The supervisor has eyes like a hawk, so be careful she doesn't catch you eating at your desk 45 Close your eyes and think of England: Eg: Just close your eyes and think of England He'll never notice 46 The scales fall from sb's eyes: Eg: When I saw his photograph in the paper, the scales fell from my eyes and I realized l'd been conned to star in action movies but his face just didn't fit HEART Absence makes the heart grow fonder: Eg: "My boy friend's going to South America and I won't see him for six months." "Ah well, absence makes the heart grow fonder." Bear your heart/soul: Eg: We don't know each other that well I certainly wouldn't bare my heart to her A bleeding heart: Eg: The anti-hunting campaigners are just a bunch of bleeding hearts who don't understand the countryside A change of heart: Eg: The revised legislation follows a change of heart by the government Warm the cockles of your heart: Eg: It's an old-fashioned romance that will warm the cockles of your heart Put your hand on your heart: Eg: I couldn't put my hand on my heart and say l'd never looked at another man From the bottom of your heart: Eg: We would like to thank you from the bottom of our hearts for all your help Your heart bleeds: Eg: My heart bleeds for the poor children caught up in the fighting Your heart goes out to sb: Eg: Our hearts go out to the families of the victims of this terrible tragedy 10 Sb's heart is in their boots: Eg: His heart was in his boots as he waited for the news of the accident 11 Sb's heart is in their mouth: Eg: My heart was in my mouth as I walked onto the stage 12 Sb's heart is in the right place: Eg: Jerry's a bit annoying sometimes but his heart's in the right place 13 Sb, eat your heart out: Eg: l'm taking singing lessons Celine Dion, eat your heart out! 14 Be all heart: Eg: Ellie can't bear to see anyone upset-she's all heart 15 Break sb's heart: Eg: He broke my heart, but l'll never forget him 16 Close/dear to sb's heart: Eg: Animal rights is an issue very close to my heart 17 Sb's heart misses/skips beat: Eg: Ben walked into the room and her heart skipped a beat 18 Cross my heart (and hope to die): Eg: I want to go to the party with you, non Sarah-cross my heart! 19 Cry/sob your heart out: Eg: Poor little love, her cat died and she's been crying her heart out all afternoon 20 Harden your heart: Eg: You've just got to harden your heart and tell him to leave 21 Have a heart of gold: Eg: She'll anything for anyone-she's got a heart of gold 22 Have a heart of stone: Eg: He wouldn't help his own mother if she needed it-he's got a heart of stone 23 Have a heart! Eg: Have a heart! I can't walk another step! 24 It's/You're breaking my heart! Eg: "Things are so bad right now she's had to sell one of her houses." "You're breaking my heart." 25 In your heart of hearts: Eg: I knew in my heart of hearts that something was wrong, but I just wasn't ready to deal with it 26 Lose your heart to somebody: Eg: I think he lost his heart to Mary on the day they met 27 Put your heart and soul into sth/doing sth: Eg: He put his heart and soul into running that café 28 Let your heart rule your head: Eg: Don't let your heart rule your head If you let him that money you'll never see it again 29 Know/learn sth (off) by heart: Eg: He's my favourite poet I know several of his poems by heart 30 Open your heart: Eg: That night, she opened her heart to me and I think that's when I fell in love with her 31 Pour your heart out: Eg: l'd only met him once, and here he was, pouring out his heart to me 32 A man/woman after your own heart: Eg: He likes a good curry-a man after my own heart 33 Set your heart on sth/doing sth: Eg: She's set her heart on a big wedding 34 Lose heart: Eg: Don't lose heart, there'll be plenty more chances for promotion 35 Strike at the heart of sth: Eg: The recent recession has struck at the heart of industrial development 36 Take heart: Eg: House owners can take heart from the news that poverty prices are starting to rise again 37 To your heart's content: Eg: The pool is open all day so you can swim to your heart's content 38 A heart-to-heart Eg: We had a real heart-to-heart and we're getting on much better now 39 Wear your heart on your sleeve: Eg: John's always worn his heart on his sleeve, so there's no doubt who he'll be supporting 40 Take sth to heart: Eg: Don't take it to heart-he was only joking about your hair 41 Sick at heart: Eg: The thought of her home so far away made her sick at heart 42 Home is where the heart is: Eg: I don’t mind moving round the world with Chris Home is where the heart is 43 Young at heart Eg : Dad may be nearly 90 but he’s still young at heart HANDS With your bare hands: Eg: The court heard how Robberts strangled the woman with his bare hands Have blood on your hands, have sb's blood on your hands: Eg: The leaders of this war have the blood of many thousands of people on their hands .The devil finds work for idle hands Eg: There's plenty more tidying to if you've finished the bedroom The devil finds work for idle hands With your own fair hands: Eg: "Did you buy this cake?" "No, I made it with my own fair hands." Sb's hands are tied: Eg: l'd like to raise people's salaries but my hands are tied All hands on deck, all hands to the pumps: Eg: We've got to get all this cleared up before they arrive so it's all hands on deck Be in sb's hands: Eg: The arrangements for the party are now in Tim's hands Be out of sb's hands: Eg: The court will decide how much money you get-the decision is out of our hands Can't keep your hands off: Eg: They can't keep their hands off each other It's embarrassing to be in their company 10 Get your hands on sb: Eg: You wait till I get my hands on her -l'll kill her! 11 Get your hands dirty: Eg: Unlike other bosses, he's not afraid to get his hands dirty and the men like that in him 12 Dirty your hands: Eg: The royal family don't usually dirty their hands with politics 13 Change hands: Eg: The hotel has changed hands twice since 1982 14 Get/lay your hands on sth: Eg: As a kid I read anything I could lay my hands on 20 Fall into sb's hands: Eg: There were concerns that the weapons might fall into the hands of terrorists 21 Have something on your hands: Eg: If the police carry on like this, they'll have a riot on their hands before long 22 Keep your hands clean: Eg: Politicians can leave the lies and smear campaigns to journalists and keep their own hands clean 23 Off sb's hands: Eg: I've got a lot of freedom now the kids are off my hands 24 Sit on your hands: Eg: Every day the crisis worsens and yet the government seems content to sit on its hands 25 Have your hands full: Eg: Right now I've got my hands full with preparations for the conference 26 Wash your hands of sb/sth: Eg: / should imagine he couldn't wait to wash his hands of the whole project 27 Play intosb's hands: Eg: If we allow terrorists to disrupt our lives to that extent we we're just playing into their hands 28 Writing your hands: Eg: It's not enough for us to stand by and writing our hands-we've got to take action 29 Take the law into your own hands: Eg: One day, after years of violent abuse from her husband, she decided to take the law into her own hands 30 Your life is in sb's hands: Eg: When you fly, your life is in the hands of complete strangers 31 Take your life in/into your hands: Eg: I'm sure this elevator isn't properly maintained I feel as though I'm taking my life into my hands every time I go in it 32 Take matters into your own hands: Eg: The police haven't done anything about the vandalism, so local residents have taken matters into their own hands 33 Be putty in your hands: Eg: He can't say no to her-he's putty in her hands 34 Win (sth) hands down: Eg: She won the debate hands down 35 A safe pair of hands: Eg: He's what this troubled club needs, a good, solid manager, a safe pair of hands 36 Be in safe hands: Eg: I know my daughter's in safe hands at the nursery 37 Have time on your hands: Eg: Now that her children are all at school, she has a lot of time on her hand 38 Time hangs/lies heavy (on sb's hands): Eg: Time hangs heavy on your hands in prison 39 Wandering hands: Eg: Joe was notorious for having wandering hands and all the women tried to avoid going into his office 40 Fall into the wrong hands: Eg: There are fears that weapons might fall into the wrong hands 41 A bird in the hand (is worth two in the bush): Eg: If I were you l'd accept the money they're offering After all, a bird in the hand 42 Could something with one arm/hand tied behind their back Eg: Her part in the film wasn't very demanding-she could have played it with one hand tied behind her back 43 Be a dab hand: She's a dab hand at getting stains out of clothes 44 The dead hands of sth: Eg: Economic development has been held back by the dead hands of bureaucracy 45 Can count sth on the fingers of one hand: Eg: I can count on the fingers of one hand the number of times she's actually offered to buy me a drink 46 First hand: Eg: Many reporters based in the capital are experiencing the war first hand 47 Give somebody a free hand: Eg: His manager had given him a free hand to make whatever changes he felt necessary 48 Hand over fist: Eg: Business was good and we were making money hand over fist 49 Bite the hand that feeds you: Eg: Leaving the company after they've spent three years training you up it's a bit like bitting the hand that feeds you 50 Be on hand: Eg: Extra supplies will be on hand, should they be needed FACE Until you are blue in the face: Eg: I can tell him to tidy his room until I'm blue in the face, but it's always a mess Sb's face doesn't fit: Eg: He'd always wanted to: star in action movies but his face just didn't fit Blow up/explode in sb's face Eg: The government's attempts at reform have blown up in its face, with demonstrations taking place all over the country Come face to face with sb: Eg: As I was going into the restaurant, I came face to face with my exhusband who just leaving Come face to fave with sth: Eg: It was only after I started working for the charity that I came face to face with poverty A face as long as a wet week: Eg: As soon as I saw her I knew it was bad news She had a face as long as a wet week Fly in the face of sth: Eg: These recommendations fly in the face of previous advice on safe limits for alcohol consumption Put a brave face /front on sth: Eg: They've had some bad luck, but they've put a brave face on their problems Arse about face: Eg: No wonder it doesn't look right, mate, you've got the whole frame in arse about face 10 Face to face: Eg: l'd prefer to sort this problem out face to face rather than over the phone 11 Have egg on your face: Eg: You'll be the one who has egg on your face if it goes wrong 12 Be in your face: Eg: One of the managers is always in my face 13 A long face: Eg: "Why've you got such a long face?" "My boyfriend doesn't want to see me any more." 14 Face the music: Eg: When the missing money was noticed, he chose to disappear rather than face the music 15 Wouldn't know sth if it hit you in the face, wouldn't know sth if you fell over one: Eg: Julie wouldn't know a good deal if it hit her in the face! 16 Cut off your nose to spite your face: Eg: "The next time he treats me like that, I'm just going to quit my job." "Isn't that a bit like cutting off your nose to spite your face?" 17 Be as plain as the nose on your face: Eg: There's no doubt that he's interested in her It's as plain as the nose on your face 18 A slap in the face: Eg: The decision to close the sports hall was a slap in the face for all those who had campaigned to keep it open 19 Shut your face / gob / mouth / trap: Eg: "That was a really stupid thing to do." "Oh, shut your trap 20 Be staring sb in the face: Eg: We spent ages wondering how we could make more space in the shop and the answer was staring us in the face all the time 21 Keep a straight face: Eg: I can never play jokes on people because I can't keep a straight face 22 Have a face like thunder, look like thunder: Eg: She didn't say anything but she looked like thunder 23 A volte-face: Eg: In the early 90's he made a complete political volte-face, moving from the Republican Party to the Democrats 24 Be written all over sb's face: Eg: Any fool could see you weren't happy it was written all over your face 25 Wipe the smile off sb's face: Eg: Tell him you saw Helena at the cinema with another guy that should wipe the smile off his face 26 Disappear/vanish/ off the face of the earth: Eg: We lost contact with Ed after he left college-he just disappeared off the face of the earth 27 Make (funny) faces: Eg: Karl was making faces at me across the library and I couldn't stop giggling 28 An about-face: Eg: In an about-face on the morning of his trial, the accused changed his plea to guilty 29 Throw something back in somebody's face: Eg: Each time I make a suggestion she just throws it back in my face and says I don't understand 30 To sb's face: Eg: Everyone refers to him as "Junior" but no one would dare call him that to his face 31 What's his/her face: Eg: Have you seen the new Bond film with Pierce Brosnan and what's her face, that model? 32 Lose face: Eg: He refused to admit he made a mistake because he didn't want to lose face 33 Save face: Eg: Are the ministers involved more interested in saving face than telling the truth? 34 Sb's face is a picture: Eg: Her face was a picture when I told her the news 35 Fall flat on your/its face: Eg: The new scheme fell flat on its face in spite of all the finacial support that was given 36 Not be just a pretty face: Eg: "How did you know that?" "Well, I'm not just a pretty face, you know," 37 Be laughing on the other side of your face Eg: You'll be laughing out of the other side of your face if you fail your exam NOSE Give sb a bloody nose: Eg: The pro- Europeans gave their opponents a bloody nose in the debate Can't see beyond/past the end of your nose: Eg: These people are so busy making money, they can't see beyond the end of their nose Have a nose for sth: Eg: He's always finding things in the sales He seems to have a nose for a bargain Brown-nose: Eg: The rest of the class were sick of watching him brown-nose By a nose: Eg: My horse won but only by a nose In fact it was a very exciting finish Cut off your nose to spite your face: Eg: The next time he treats me like that, I'm just going to quit my job.' "Isn'r that a bit like cutting off your nose to spite your face?" Have your nose in a book: Eg: My daughter reads all the time She's always got her nose a book Follow your nose: Eg: As far as recruitment is concerned, I tend to follow my nose I meet someone for an informal interview and see if I like them Get up sb's nose: Eg: To be honest, I prefer not to have to deal with he She gets up my nose 10 Keep your nose out of sth: Eg: What goes on between me and Pete is nose of her business so she can keep her big nose out of it! 11 Have a nose (round): Eg: He left the room for a few minutes so I thought l'd have a nose round 12 Keep your nose clean: Eg: l'd only been out of prison three months so I was trying to keep my nose clean 13 Look down your nose at sth/sb: Eg: I always felt that she looked down her nose at us because we spoke with strong accents and hadn't been to college 14 Keep your nose to the grindstone: Eg: I've only got six weeks before my exams start so l'm trying to keep my nose to the grindstone 15 Lead sb by the nose: Eg: They simple didn't know what they were doing and they were led by a manipulative government 16 On the nose: Eg: Her description of the play really hit it on the nose 17 Pay through the nose: Eg: If you want decent wine in a restaurant, you have to pay through the nose for it 18 Nose to tall: Eg: Traffic is nose to tail on the east-bound section of the M62