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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY TRAN VAN SANG ASSESSMENT OF MANGROVE PLANTING MODELS AND PROPOSE TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANGROVE CONSERVATION AT XUAN THUY NATIONAL PARK, NAM DINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM MAJOR: FOREST SCIENCE CODE: 8620201 MASTER THESIS IN FOREST SCIENCE SUPERVISOR: ASSOC PROF DR BUI THE DOI DR CAO THI THU HIEN Hanoi, 2022 i ABSTRACT Mangroves are tropical/subtropical communities of tree species that grow in the estuary areas, in intertidal mudflats and along coastlines, where they are regularly inundated by saline or brackishwater The mangrove is also vital for protecting the sea dyke system that protect the highly productive Red-river delta and highlight populated rural area of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh Provinces With the mangroves forest, it helps to limit the effects of floods and storms and high tides; reducing waves, limit erosion and protection of sea dykes In addition, the mangroves forest is contributing in securing livelihoods for thousands of people who live in the buffer zone of the Park Recognizing the important role of mangrove ecosystem at Xuan Thuy National Park, recent years, there were several mangrove planting models have been implemented This study provides information on present mangroves planting models in Xuan Thuy National Park, the first Ramsar site in Vietnam The study results indicated that survival rate, growth and regeneration trees characteristic between mangrove planting model The results demonstrated that in the period of time from 1998 to 2020 in the study area, there were a several mangrove planting models have been implemented, including: The monoculture model of Kandelia obovate implemented by the Danish Red Cross in the period from 1998 – 2005; The mixed species model of Sonneratia caseolaris K obovata under SP-RCC program implemented in 2016; The mixed species model of Rhizophora stylosa - Bruguiera gymnorhiza implemented by the WIP, implemented in 2015 The study showed that, the mixed species model of R stylosa - B gymnorhiza at the age years old achieved the highest survival rate among the research models Survial rate of monoculture model of K obovate at the age of 22 was lowest, at about 50.17% The number of regeneration trees in three planting models was mainly concentrated in height classes I (1.5 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Quality (Good, medium, bad) G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Note Appendix 2: Plots descriptive statistic Plot number: SK1 Species: Sonneratia caseolaris Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 82,96 3,08 84,5 93 15,07 227,17 0,22 -0,44 62 45 107 1991 24 107 45 6,36 Hvn (cm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 316,13 11,38113 312,5 370 55,76 3108,72 0,73 -0,77 224 166 390 7587 24 390 166 23,54 32 1,39 29,5 27 5,55 30,8 -1,39 0,46 16 26 42 512 16 42 26 2,96 Hvn (cm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 99,44 3,51 95 90 14,03 196,80 0,21 0,98 50 80 130 1591 16 130 80 7,48 Species: Kandelia obovate Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Plot number: SK2 Species: Sonneratia caseolaris Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 93,96 3,64 100,50 104,00 17,85 318,74 -0,67 -0,23 66,00 64,00 130,00 2255,00 24,00 130,00 64,00 7,54 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 495,50 13,43 503,00 561,00 65,80 4329,30 -0,23 -0,78 240,00 339,00 579,00 11892,00 24,00 579,00 339,00 27,78 Species: Kandelia obovate Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 35,40 1,69 35,00 30,00 6,56 42,97 -0,32 0,60 22,00 27,00 49,00 531,00 15,00 49,00 27,00 3,63 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 121,67 7,37 110,00 110,00 28,56 815,52 -1,81 0,15 76,00 86,00 162,00 1825,00 15,00 162,00 86,00 15,81 Plot number: SK3 Species: Sonneratia caseolaris Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 114,15 4,26 117,50 116,00 21,70 471,02 -0,10 -0,45 84,00 65,00 149,00 2968,00 26,00 149,00 65,00 8,77 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 732,19 12,45 754,50 765,00 63,46 4027,52 1,52 -1,63 205,00 582,00 787,00 19037,00 26,00 787,00 582,00 25,63 Species: Kandelia obovate Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 36,62 2,47 34,00 34,00 8,89 79,09 -0,46 0,25 31,00 21,00 52,00 476,00 13,00 52,00 21,00 5,37 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 141,38 7,76 148,00 115,00 27,99 783,59 0,82 0,33 103,00 100,00 203,00 1838,00 13,00 203,00 100,00 16,92 Plot number: KO1 Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 75,41 2,14 74,00 73,00 23,02 529,84 -0,24 0,15 108,00 28,00 136,00 8748,00 116,00 136,00 28,00 4,23 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 182,27 4,46 170,00 162,00 48,07 2310,25 9,21 2,85 336,00 74,00 410,00 21143,00 116,00 410,00 74,00 8,84 Plot number: KO2 Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 76,94 2,25 77,50 70,00 20,86 435,04 0,63 -0,19 115,00 31,00 129,00 6617,00 86,00 129,00 14,00 4,47 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 191,27 5,59 177,00 183,00 51,85 2687,94 14,43 3,66 322,00 146,00 468,00 16449,00 86,00 468,00 146,00 11,12 Plot number: KO3 Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 77,42 2,31 74,00 73,00 23,07 532,39 0,33 0,18 117,00 19,00 136,00 7742,00 100,00 136,00 19,00 4,58 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 181,83 4,624508 172 162 46,24508 2138,607 17,72075 3,685926 385 79 464 18183 100 464 79 9,176027 Plot number: RB1 Species: Rhizophora stylosa Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 27,31 0,71 27,00 26,00 4,46 19,90 -0,22 0,03 18,00 18,00 36,00 1065,00 39,00 36,00 18,00 1,45 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 108,80 2,30 109,00 110,00 14,53 211,19 0,45 0,48 65,00 83,00 148,00 4352,00 40,00 148,00 83,00 4,65 Species: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 72,02 1,55 72,00 64,00 10,03 100,61 -0,54 0,15 43,00 52,00 95,00 3025,00 42,00 95,00 52,00 3,13 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 92,95 1,97 95,00 105,00 12,75 162,44 -0,41 -0,27 55,00 63,00 118,00 3904,00 42,00 118,00 63,00 3,97 Plot number: RB2 Species: Rhizophora stylosa Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 27,78 0,73 27,00 25,00 4,69 22,03 -0,31 -0,26 19,00 16,00 35,00 1139,00 41,00 35,00 16,00 1,48 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 104,41 1,92 103,00 92,00 12,30 151,25 -0,31 0,37 49,00 81,00 130,00 4281,00 41,00 130,00 81,00 3,88 Species: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 70,31 1,42 69,00 76,00 8,85 78,32 -0,70 -0,05 35,00 53,00 88,00 2742,00 39,00 88,00 53,00 2,87 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 93,31 1,87 97,00 97,00 11,69 136,74 0,05 -0,57 53,00 64,00 117,00 3639,00 39,00 117,00 64,00 3,79 Plot number: RB3 Species: Rhizophora stylosa Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 27,29 0,73 26,50 26,00 4,52 20,43 -0,29 0,05 18,00 18,00 36,00 1037,00 38,00 36,00 18,00 1,49 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 107,37 1,99 109,00 110,00 12,24 149,91 -0,21 -0,20 54,00 79,00 133,00 4080,00 38,00 133,00 79,00 4,02 Species: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Doo (mm) Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) Hvn (cm) 72,34 1,58 72,00 64,00 10,49 110,00 -0,50 0,27 43,00 52,00 95,00 3183,00 44,00 95,00 52,00 3,19 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95,0%) 92,73 1,78 95,00 88,00 11,81 139,46 0,21 -0,65 53,00 60,00 113,00 4080,00 44,00 113,00 60,00 3,59 Appendix 3: Field trip photos (Source: Tran Van Sang, 2022)
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