In vitro propagation of philodendron verrucosum

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY – – – – –   – – – – – GRADUATION THESIS TITLE: IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PHILODENDRON VERRUCOSUM HANOI, 2022 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY – – – – –   – – – – – GRADUATION THESIS “IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PHILODENDRON VERRUCOSUM” Student name : PHAN THI THUY NHUNG Class : K62CNSHE Faculty : BIOTECHNOLOGY Supervisor : Dr NGUYEN THI LAM HAI HANOI, 2022 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To complete this graduation thesis, I would like to thank firstly to Dr Nguyen Thi Lam Hai, Mr Vu Cong Son and the teachers in the Department of Plant - Faculty of Biotechnology of Vietnam National University of Agriculture for helping and guiding me throughout the process of implementing the topic Especially, I would like to express my gratitude to all students who working in the Department of Plant - Faculty of Biotechnology of Vietnam National University of Agriculture, who have created favorable conditions to help me during the time of the thesis I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the teachers in the Faculty of Biotechnology of Vietnam National University of Agriculture Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for supporting and encouraging me during my university time Due to limited knowledge, my thesis could not avoid errors I look forward to receiving the comments from teachers and friends Hanoi, 15th March 2022 Student Phan Thi Thuy Nhung i COMMITMENT I assure that this study is my own research project under the scientific guidance of Dr Nguyen Thi Lam Hai The contents and the results of this thesis are honest and unpublished Hanoi, 15th March 2022 Student Phan Thi Thuy Nhung ii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i COMMITMENT ii CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURE vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii ABSTRACT viii PART I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preface 1.2 Purpose and requirements 1.2.1 Purpose 1.2.2 Requirements PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 General introduction about Philodendron Verrucosum 2.1.1 Scientific classification 2.1.2 Morphology 2.1.3 Ecological characteristics 2.2 Tissue culture of Philodendron 2.2.1 Concept of Philodendron tissue culture 2.2.2 Establishment of Philodendron in shoot multiplication media 2.2.3 Establishment of Philodendron in rooting media 13 2.2.4 Hardening medium 17 PART III: MATERIALS, CONTENTS AND RESEARCH METHODS 19 3.1 Object, material, location and time of research 19 3.1.1 Research materials 19 3.1.2 Time and location of the experiment 19 3.1.3 Research tools 19 3.2 Research contents 19 3.2.1 Determine the suitable medium for the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots 19 3.2.2 Effect of growth regulators on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots 20 iii 3.2.3 Determine the appropriate rooting medium for Philodendron verrucosum in vitro shoots 21 3.2.4 Determine the suitable substrate to grow Philodendron verrucosum in greenhouse 21 3.3 Research methods 22 3.3.1 Plant tissues culture 22 3.3.2 Culture conditions 22 3.3.3 Tracking indicators 22 3.3.4 Data processing methods 23 PART IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 24 4.1 Determine the suitable medium for in vitro of Philodendron verrucosum shoots multiplication 24 4.1.1 Effect of the different MS basal mediums supplemented with different substrates on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots 24 4.2 Effect of plant growth regulators on Philodendron verrucosum shoots multiplication 27 4.2.1 Effect of BA (Benzylaminopurine) on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots 28 4.2.2 Effect of TDZ (Thidiazuron) on in vitro multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots 31 4.3 Determine the appropriate rooting medium for Philodendron verrucosum in vitro shoots 33 4.3.1 Effect of α-NAA (α-Naphthaleneacetic acid) on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum 33 4.3.2 Effect of IBA (3-Indolebutyric acid) on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum 35 4.4 Determine the suitable substrate to grow Philodendron verrucosum in greenhouse 36 4.4.1 Effect of substrate used on growth of Philodendron verrucosum 36 PART V: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 39 5.1 Conclusions 39 5.2 Recommendations 39 REFERENCES 40 APPENDICES 45 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Effect of the different MS basal mediums supplemented with different substrates on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots after weeks of culture 25 Table 4.2 Effect of BA on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots after weeks of culture 28 Table 4.3 Effect of TDZ on in vitro multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots after weeks of culture 31 Table 4.4 Effect of α-NAA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum after weeks of culture 34 Table 4.5 Effect of IBA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum after weeks of culture 35 Table 4.6 Effect of substrate used on growth of Philodendron verrucosum after weeks of growth 37 v LIST OF FIGURE Figure 2.1 Philodendron verrucosum plant Figure 4.1 Shoots of Philodendron verrucosum in vitro on basal mediums supplemented with different substrates after weeks of culture 26 Figure 4.2 Shoots of Philodendron verrucosum in vitro on medium supplemented with BA after weeks of culture 30 Figure 4.3 Shoots of Philodendron verrucosum in vitro on medium supplemented with TDZ after weeks of culture 32 Figure 4.4 Philodendron verrucosum in vitro plants after weeks of rooting culture in different MS medium 35 Figure 4.5 Philodendron verrucosum in vitro plants after weeks of rooting culture in different MS medium 36 Figure 4.6 Philodendron verrucosum plants after weeks in different types of substrates 38 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BAP 6-Benzylaminopurine IBA 3-Indolebutyric acid LSD Least Significant Difference Test MS Murashige and Skoog medium 1/2MS MS medium with mineral composition reduced by 1/2 TDZ Thidiazuron α-NAA α-Naphthalene acetic acid vii ABSTRACT Philodendron verrucosum is an ornamental plant of various sizes used to decorate living and working spaces The tree is healthy, less susceptible to pests and diseases, and has high economic value This project was conducted to find the best formula for in vitro shoot multiplication and rooting medium of Philodendron verrucosum The highest shoot multiplication was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with mg/l BA + 30 g/l sucrose + 6.0 g/l agar + mg/l vitamin B1 + 10 mg/l NaHPO4, pH=5.8 The multiplication rate was 4.03 shoots/plant with average of 2.86 cm in height of each shoot The lower shoot multiplication was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.75 mg/l TDZ + 30 g/l sucrose + 6.0 g/l agar + mg/l vitamin B1 + 10 mg/l NaHPO4, pH=5.8, however vigorous shoots, green plants, and healthier and fresher roots were suitable for complete tree formation The best root quality was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.75 mg/l IBA + 30 g/l sucrose + 6.0 g/l agar + mg/l vitamin B1 + 10 mg/l NaHPO4, pH=5.8 The rooting rate was 6.05 roots/plant with an average of 1.8 cm in length of each root The best substrate for planting plants in the garden is mixtures of peat moss and coconut mulch (1:1) viii between the two substrates peat moss and coconut mulch (1:1) and peat moss Meanwhile, the coconut mulch substrate parameters are worse The problem may be that the additional nutrients in peat moss have been standardized to be suitable for the seedlings while in the coconut mulch that is not nutritious, the seedlings are less developed due to lack of nutrients from the substrate F1: Peat moss F3: Peat moss & Coconut mulch (1:1) F2: Coconut mulch F4: Peat moss + Perlite (10%) Figure 4.6 Philodendron verrucosum plants after weeks in different types of substrates Substrate using peat moss and coconut mulch (1:1) is suited to acclimatizing Philodendron verrucosum in greenhouses 38 PART V: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions - The best medium of shoots multiplication is: MS basal medium + 30 g /l sucrose + 6.0 g/l agar + mg/l vitamin B1 + 10 mg/l NaHPO4, pH 5.8 supplemented with 0.75 mg/l TDZ - The best medium for rooting is: MS basal medium + 30 g /l sucrose + 6.0 g/l agar + mg/l vitamin B1 + 10 mg/l NaHPO4, pH 5.8 supplemented with 0.75 mg/l IBA - Transfer to the natural environment: Substrate using peat moss and coconut mulch (1:1) is suited to acclimatizing Philodendron verrucosum 5.2 Recommendations - Continuing to study the effects of some other technical factors to complete the protocol of micropropagation of Philodendron verrucosum - Application of the results in micropropagation of Philodendron verrucosum 39 REFERENCES Foreign references Ali, A., Munawar, A., Naz, S., (2007) An in vitro study on micropropagation of Caladium bicolor International Journal of Agriculture And Biology, 9: 731–735 Asma Alhussein Alawaadh et al (2020) Micropropagation of Lacy Tree Philodendron (Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl.) 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45 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE C1 13/ 2/22 19:36 :PAGE Effect of the different mediums on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS 30 30 30 30 30 SE(N= 30) 5%LSD 145DF CT SOCHOI 4.07706 3.36659 4.76057 4.53195 3.34710 CAOCHOI 2.09000 1.74000 2.61333 2.31000 1.81000 SOLA 4.83833 4.70376 4.94951 4.91619 4.87384 SORE 4.78541 4.95658 3.82431 3.90249 4.91067 0.215334E-01 0.129337E-01 0.213716E-01 0.207344E-01 0.601819E-01 0.361474E-01 0.597298E-01 0.579489E-01 NOS 30 30 30 30 30 DAIRE 0.826666 1.27000 0.706667 0.700000 1.32000 SE(N= 30) 0.657992E-02 5%LSD 145DF 0.183897E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE C1 13/ 2/22 19:36 :PAGE Effect of the different mediums on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE SOCHOI CAOCHOI SOLA SORE DAIRE GRAND MEAN (N= 150) NO OBS 150 4.0166 150 2.1127 150 4.8563 150 4.4759 150 0.96467 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.59540 0.11794 2.9 0.0000 0.33122 0.07084 3.4 0.0000 0.14359 0.11706 2.4 0.0000 0.51779 0.11357 2.5 0.0000 0.27712 0.03604 3.7 0.0000 | | | | Effect of BA on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SOCHOI FILE C2 13/ 2/22 20:10 :PAGE Effect of BA on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots VARIATE V003 SOCHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 45.2782 11.3195 ****** 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 1.56298 107792E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 46.8412 314370 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CAOCHOI FILE C2 13/ 2/22 20:10 :PAGE 2 Effect of BA on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots VARIATE V004 CAOCHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 15.1303 3.78257 259.81 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 2.11107 145591E-01 - 46 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 17.2413 115714 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SOLA FILE C2 13/ 2/22 20:10 :PAGE Effect of BA on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots VARIATE V005 SOLA LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 274834 687084E-01 5.65 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 1.76199 121516E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 2.03682 136699E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SORE FILE C2 13/ 2/22 20:10 :PAGE Effect of BA on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots VARIATE V006 SORE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 30.1118 7.52795 585.24 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 1.86513 128630E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 31.9769 214610 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAIRE FILE C2 13/ 2/22 20:10 :PAGE Effect of BA on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots VARIATE V007 DAIRE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 3.30307 825766 ****** 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 104418 720124E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 3.40748 228690E-01 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE C2 13/ 2/22 20:10 :PAGE Effect of BA on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS 30 30 30 30 30 SE(N= 30) 5%LSD 145DF CT SOCHOI 2.30949 3.16445 4.02516 3.22156 2.97037 CAOCHOI 1.88379 2.15834 2.85587 2.28378 2.34383 SOLA 4.82475 4.85533 4.94383 4.89468 4.84075 SORE 4.68054 3.82943 3.67984 3.55560 3.40283 0.189554E-01 0.220296E-01 0.201260E-01 0.207067E-01 0.529769E-01 0.615689E-01 0.562485E-01 0.578715E-01 NOS 30 30 30 30 30 DAIRE 0.823333 0.573333 0.510000 0.441667 0.403333 SE(N= 30) 0.489940E-02 5%LSD 145DF 0.136929E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE C2 13/ 2/22 20:10 :PAGE 47 Effect of BA on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE SOCHOI CAOCHOI SOLA SORE DAIRE GRAND MEAN (N= 150) NO OBS 150 3.1382 150 2.3051 150 4.8719 150 3.8296 150 0.55033 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.56069 0.10382 3.3 0.0000 0.34017 0.12066 5.2 0.0000 0.11692 0.11023 2.3 0.0003 0.46326 0.11342 3.0 0.0000 0.15123 0.02683 4.9 0.0000 | | | | Effect of TDZ on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SOCHOI FILE C3 13/ 2/22 21:51 :PAGE Effect of TDZ on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots VARIATE V003 SOCHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 34.3718 8.59295 637.02 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 1.95596 134894E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 36.3278 243810 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CAOCHOI FILE C3 13/ 2/22 21:51 :PAGE Effect of TDZ on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots VARIATE V004 CAOCHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 24.3432 6.08581 433.39 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 2.03615 140424E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 26.3794 177043 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SOLA FILE C3 13/ 2/22 21:51 :PAGE 3 Effect of TDZ on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots VARIATE V005 SOLA LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 161698 404244E-01 2.68 0.033 * RESIDUAL 145 2.18415 150631E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 2.34585 157440E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SORE FILE C3 13/ 2/22 21:51 :PAGE Effect of TDZ on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots VARIATE V006 SORE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 19.3629 4.84073 361.66 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 1.94081 133849E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 21.3037 142978 - 48 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAIRE FILE C3 13/ 2/22 21:51 :PAGE Effect of TDZ on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots VARIATE V007 DAIRE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 3.24560 811400 ****** 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 933351E-01 643691E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 3.33893 224090E-01 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE C3 13/ 2/22 21:51 :PAGE Effect of TDZ on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS 30 30 30 30 30 SE(N= 30) 5%LSD 145DF CT SOCHOI 2.38625 3.08411 3.39050 3.84889 3.31344 CAOCHOI 1.89457 1.86572 2.24095 2.96323 2.43141 SOLA 4.83222 4.82477 4.86218 4.91569 4.87734 SORE 4.63053 3.90436 3.80896 3.74533 3.60493 0.212048E-01 0.216352E-01 0.224077E-01 0.211226E-01 0.592637E-01 0.604664E-01 0.626255E-01 0.590339E-01 NOS 30 30 30 30 30 DAIRE 0.821666 0.580000 0.511667 0.445000 0.405000 SE(N= 30) 0.463210E-02 5%LSD 145DF 0.129459E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE C3 13/ 2/22 21:51 :PAGE Effect of TDZ on the multiplication of Philodendron verrucosum shoots F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE SOCHOI CAOCHOI SOLA SORE DAIRE GRAND MEAN (N= 150) NO OBS 150 3.2046 150 2.2792 150 4.8624 150 3.9388 150 0.55267 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.49377 0.11614 3.6 0.0000 0.42076 0.11850 5.2 0.0000 0.12547 0.12273 2.5 0.0335 0.37812 0.11569 2.9 0.0000 0.14970 0.02537 4.6 0.0000 | | | | Effect of α-NAA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CAOCHOI FILE TN5 15/ 2/22 19: :PAGE Effect of NAA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum VARIATE V003 CAOCHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 15.6863 3.92157 279.88 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 2.03167 140115E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 17.7179 118912 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SORE FILE TN5 15/ 2/22 19: 49 :PAGE Effect of NAA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum VARIATE V004 SORE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 19.5449 4.88623 385.94 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 1.83579 126606E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 21.3807 143495 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAIRE FILE TN5 15/ 2/22 19: :PAGE Effect of NAA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum VARIATE V005 DAIRE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 17.6836 4.42090 ****** 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 568088 391785E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 18.2517 122495 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN5 15/ 2/22 19: :PAGE 4 Effect of NAA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS 30 30 30 30 30 CAOCHOI 2.00333 2.09000 2.21667 2.70667 2.78667 SORE 4.88125 5.26316 5.51981 5.98223 5.29508 DAIRE 0.821666 0.886667 1.05333 1.78333 1.19333 SE(N= 30) 0.216113E-01 0.205432E-01 0.114278E-01 5%LSD 145DF 0.603998E-01 0.574144E-01 0.319387E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN5 15/ 2/22 19: :PAGE Effect of NAA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE CAOCHOI SORE DAIRE GRAND MEAN (N= 150) NO OBS 150 2.3607 150 5.3883 150 1.1477 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.34484 0.11837 5.0 0.0000 0.37881 0.11252 2.1 0.0000 0.34999 0.06259 5.5 0.0000 | | | | Effect of IBA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CAOCHOI FILE TN5 15/ 2/22 18:52 :PAGE Effect of IBA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum VARIATE V003 CAOCHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 18.0849 4.52123 317.06 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 2.06766 142597E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 20.1526 135252 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SORE FILE TN5 15/ 2/22 18:52 :PAGE 50 Effect of IBA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum VARIATE V004 SORE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 22.9567 5.73919 400.39 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 2.07841 143338E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 25.0351 168021 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAIRE FILE TN5 15/ 2/22 18:52 :PAGE Effect of IBA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum VARIATE V005 DAIRE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 18.0994 4.52484 987.51 0.000 * RESIDUAL 145 664397 458205E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 149 18.7637 125931 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN5 15/ 2/22 18:52 :PAGE Effect of IBA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS 30 30 30 30 30 CAOCHOI 2.00333 2.27000 2.41667 3.05333 2.52667 SORE 4.85326 5.31336 5.59062 6.05284 5.35703 DAIRE 0.826666 0.895000 1.08667 1.80333 1.21333 SE(N= 30) 0.218019E-01 0.218585E-01 0.123586E-01 5%LSD 145DF 0.609325E-01 0.610906E-01 0.345401E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN5 15/ 2/22 18:52 :PAGE 5 Effect of IBA on rooting ability of Philodendron verrucosum F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE CAOCHOI SORE DAIRE GRAND MEAN (N= 150) NO OBS 150 2.4540 150 5.4334 150 1.1650 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.36777 0.11941 4.9 0.0000 0.40990 0.11972 2.2 0.0000 0.35487 0.06769 5.8 0.0000 | | | | Effect of substrate used on growth of Philodendron verrucosum BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CAOCAY FILE T6 11/ 3/22 20:33 :PAGE Effect of substrate used on growth of Philodendron verrucosum VARIATE V003 CAOCAY LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 16.4333 5.47778 393.32 0.000 * RESIDUAL 116 1.61554 139271E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 119 18.0489 151671 - 51 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SOLA FILE T6 11/ 3/22 20:33 :PAGE Effect of substrate used on growth of Philodendron verrucosum VARIATE V004 SOLA LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= CT 54.9071 18.3024 ****** 0.000 * RESIDUAL 116 1.52275 131271E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 119 56.4298 474200 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE T6 11/ 3/22 20:33 :PAGE Effect of substrate used on growth of Philodendron verrucosum MEANS FOR EFFECT CT CT NOS 30 30 30 30 CAOCAY 3.47484 2.83782 3.87189 3.32621 SOLA 5.29879 4.10025 5.84741 5.64018 SE(N= 30) 0.215462E-01 0.209182E-01 5%LSD 116DF 0.603449E-01 0.585861E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE T6 11/ 3/22 20:33 :PAGE Effect of substrate used on growth of Philodendron verrucosum F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE CAOCAY SOLA GRAND MEAN (N= 120) NO OBS 120 3.3777 120 5.2217 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.38945 0.11801 3.5 0.0000 0.68862 0.11457 2.2 0.0000 | | | | 52