Effect of growth regulators on the tissue culture of turmeric (curcuma longa l)

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: “EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE TISSUE CULTURE OF TURMERIC (Curcuma longa L.)” Instructor: Dr Pham Phu Long Department: Botany Student: Ngo Minh Duy Bao Class: K62KHCTT Student ID: 621709 Course: 2017-2022 HA NOI - 2022 GUARANTEE I assure that the datas and research results in this thesis are real and objective Inaddition, they have never been used or protected in any scientific reports, articles or publications before I asure that all supportation, helping and conduction to construct and complete this thesis has been thanked gratefully and all informations cited and references in this thesis has been acknowledged Hanoi, March 01, 2022 Student Ngo Minh Duy Bao i ACKNOWLEDGE To complete this graduation thesis report, it is not only my own efforts, but also the dedication and enthusiasm of the teachers and the encouragement of family and friends I would like to express my deep gratitude to the teachers who directly taught me and passed on the knowledge to make my own luggage in the future Especially the teachers in the Faculty of Agronomy - Vietnam Academy of Agriculture, teachers and aunts with enthusiastic hearts and love for their profession I would like to sincerely thank Ph.D Pham Phu Long has enthusiastically guided, supported, encouraged and encouraged me throughout the process of writing this thesis Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my family and friends, who have always supported me during my studies to complete this graduation thesis Hanoi, March 01, 2022 Student Ngo Minh Duy Bao ii LIST OF CONTENTS GUARANTEE i ACKNOWLEDGE ii LIST OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF CHART vii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF ACRONYMS ix ABSTRACT x PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims and request of the study 1.2.1 Aims 1.2.2 Request 1.3 Objective and scope of study 1.3.1 Objective 1.3.2 Scope of study PART II: LITERATURE VIEW 2.1 General introduction of Curcuma longa L 2.2 Origin and distribution 2.3 Classification 2.4 Botanical description 2.4.1 Shoot 2.4.2 Leaves 2.4.3 Reproductive organ 2.5 Living condition 2.5.1 Climate and soil 2.5.2 Light condition 10 iii 2.5.3 Moisture condition 10 2.6 Pharmacological benefits 10 2.7 Production and consumption 11 2.8 Some scientific studies about Curcuma longa L in Vietnam 12 2.9 Some scientific studies about Curcuma longa L in the world 14 2.10 Propagation method 17 2.10.1 In vitro method 17 2.10.2 The scientific basis of the method 19 2.10.3 Advantages and disadvantages of in vitro method 19 2.10.4 Common problems in in vitro culture 20 2.10.5 Stages in propagation culture 21 2.11 Factors affecting the process of plant tissue culture 22 2.11.1 Explants 22 2.11.2 In vitro culture requirment 23 2.11.3 Stimulators 24 PART III: MATERIALS AND RESEARCHING METHOD 26 3.1 Research subjects 26 3.2 Materials 27 3.3 Location 27 3.4 Research time 27 3.5 researching method 27 3.5.1 Materials decomtamination and transplantation in In vitro medium 27 3.5.2 Evaluate plant measurment 27 3.6 Observation targets 31 3.7 Research method 32 3.7.1 Decontamination method 33 3.7.2 Rapid propagation method 33 3.7.3 Creatation complete plant method 33 iv 3.7.4 Data analization method 33 PART IV: SOLUTION AND DISCUSSION 34 4.1 Solution in regeneration stage 34 4.1.1 Effect of 6-BAP on PLBs formation 34 4.1.2 Effect of 2.4-D on PLBs formation 34 4.1.3 Effect of 6-BAP on plant regeneration stage 35 4.1.2 Effect of 2.4-D on plant regeneration stage 39 4.2 Research method and solution in rapid propagation stage 42 4.2.1 Effect of 6-BAP and α-NAA on rapid propagation 43 4.2.2 Effect of TDZ and α-NAA on plant rapid propagation stage 48 4.1.5 Effect of 2.4-D and α-NAA on plant rapid propagation 54 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION 62 5.1 Conclusion 62 5.2 Recommendation 63 REFERENCES 64 PICTURES IN RESEARCH 68 RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS 69 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 (a) Turmeric shoot system, (b).Turmeric flower, (c) Turmeric rhizome, (d) Turmeric powder Figure 1.2 Turmeric samples 28 Figure 4.1 Photos of explants of MS medium 38 Figure 4.2 Photos effect of 6-BAP on explants 39 Figure 4.3 Photos effect of 2.4-D on explants 42 Figure 4.4 Photo effect of 6-BAP and α-NAA on explants 48 Figure 4.5 Photos effect of TDZ on explants 53 Figure 4.6 Photos effect of 2.4-D on explants 58 vi LIST OF CHART Chart 1.1 Effect of 6-BAP on plant measurementsError! Bookmark not defined Chart 1.2 Effect of 2.4-D on plant measurements 59 Chart 1.3 Effect of 6-BAP and α-NAA on plant measurment 60 Chart 1.4 Effect of TDZ and α-NAA plant measurements 60 Chart 1.5 Effect of 2.4-D and α-NAA on plant measurements 61 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Formula of 6-BAP on bub regeneration stage 29 Table 2.2 Formula of 2.4-D on bub regeneration stage 30 Table 3.1 Effect of 6-BA and α-NAA on rapid proparation stage 31 Table 3.2 Effect of 2.4-D and α-NAA on rapid proparation stage 31 Table 3.3 Effect of TDZ and α-NAA on rapid proparation stage 31 Table 4.1 Effect of 6-BAP on PLBs formation 34 Table 4.2 Effect of 2.4-D on PLBs formation 34 Table 4.3 Effect of 6-BAP on plant measurements 35 Table 4.4 Effect of 6-BAP on number of bub and diameter 37 Table 4.5 Effect of 2.4-D on plant measurments 39 Table 4.6 Effect of 2.4-D on number of bub and diameter 41 Table 4.7 Effect of 6-BAP and α-NAA on plant measurment 43 Table 4.8 Effect of 6-BAP and α-NAA on number of bub and diameter 46 Table 4.9 Effect of 6-BAP and α-NAA on number of roots and root length 47 Table 4.10 Effect of TDZ and α-NAA plant measurements 48 Table 4.11 Effect of TDZ and α-NAA on number of bub and diameter 50 Table 4.12 Effect of TDZ and α-NAA on root length and number of root 51 Table 4.13 Effect of 2.4-D and α-NAA on plant measurements 54 Table 4.14 Effect of 2.4-D and α-NAA on number of bub and diameter 56 Table 4.15 Effect of 2.4-D and α-NAA on n number of roots and root length 57 viii LIST OF ACRONYMS Abbreviation Full writing 6- BA 6- Benzyladenin α-NAA Naphanthalene acetic acid 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid g/l gram/little ppm part per milion cm centimeter TDZ Thidiazuron PLBs Plant like bodies LSD Least Significant Difference CV Coefficient of Variation MS Murashige and skoog’s medium FM-1 Formula-1 FM-2 Formula-2 FM-3 Formula-3 FM-4 Formula-4 ix 21 Plunkett G.M., Lowry P.P., Vu N.V (2004), Phylogenetic relationships among Polyscias (Araliaceae) and close relatives from the Western Indian ocean sasin, International Journal of Plant Sciences, p 861-873 22 Raghavan, S (Ed), (2007), Handbook of Spices, Seasonings and Flavourings 23 Sponsel, Valerie M., Hedden, Peter (2010), Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Inactivation p 63–94 24 Syu W.J., Shen C.C., Don M.J., Ou J.C., Lee G.H., Sun C.M (1998), Cytotoxicity of curcuminoids and some novel compounds from Curcuma zedoaria, Journal of Natural Products, p 1531-1534 25 Velayudhan, K.C., Muralidharan, V.K., Amlraj, V.A., Guatam, P.L., Mandal, S., Dinesh Kumar (1999), Curcuma Genetic Resources, Scientific Monograph No National Bureau of Plant Genertic Resources, New Delhi, p 149 67 PICTURES IN RESEARCH Figure 2.1 Clean bench in laboratary Figure 2.2 In vitro turmeric explants on experiment area 68 RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS Effect of 6-BAP on plant BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CCC FILE TN1 2/ 3/22 16:27 :PAGE VARIATE V003 CCC LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 2.41482 1.20741 2.36 0.155 CT$ 20.2704 5.06759 9.92 0.004 * RESIDUAL 4.08519 510648 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 26.7704 1.91217 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE RONG LA FILE TN1 2/ 3/22 16:27 :PAGE VARIATE V004 RONG LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 432592E-01 216296E-01 0.08 0.923 CT$ 14.8407 3.71019 13.73 0.001 * RESIDUAL 2.16193 270241 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 17.0459 1.21757 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAI LA FILE TN1 2/ 3/22 16:27 :PAGE VARIATE V005 DAI LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 219259E-01 109630E-01 0.16 0.852 CT$ 1.83437 458593 6.85 0.011 * RESIDUAL 535852 669815E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 2.39215 170868 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO LA FILE TN1 2/ 3/22 16:27 :PAGE VARIATE V006 SO LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 103704 518518E-01 0.85 0.466 CT$ 8.17778 2.04444 33.45 0.000 * RESIDUAL 488889 611111E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 8.77037 626455 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO CHOI FILE TN1 2/ 3/22 16:27 :PAGE VARIATE V007 SO CHOI SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 444444E-01 222222E-01 0.21 0.816 CT$ 400000 100000 0.95 0.486 * RESIDUAL 844444 105556 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 1.28889 920635E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DK FILE TN1 2/ 3/22 16:27 :PAGE VARIATE V008 DK 69 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 124444E-01 622222E-02 2.23 0.170 CT$ 122963E-01 307407E-02 1.10 0.420 * RESIDUAL 223704E-01 279630E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 471111E-01 336508E-02 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN1 2/ 3/22 16:27 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 5 5) 8DF NL NOS 5 DF CCC 4.40000 4.20000 3.46667 RONG LA 1.12000 1.00000 1.01333 DAI LA 0.340000 0.380000 0.286667 SO LA 0.666667 0.466667 0.600000 0.319577 1.04211 0.232483 0.758102 0.115742 0.377424 0.110554 0.360506 SO CHOI 0.866667 0.933333 0.800000 DK 0.480000 0.426667 0.413333 SE(N= 5) 0.145297 0.236487E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.473798 0.771159E-01 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 3 3 3) 8DF CT$ CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 NOS 3 3 CCC 6.05556 3.77778 4.33333 3.33333 2.61111 RONG LA 2.50000 0.888889 1.83333 0.000000 0.000000 0.412573 1.34536 0.300134 0.978706 SO CHOI 1.00000 0.666667 0.666667 1.00000 1.00000 DK 0.433333 0.477778 0.466667 0.400000 0.422222 DAI LA SO LA 0.955555 2.00000 0.344444 0.444444 0.377778 0.444444 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.149423 0.487253 0.142725 0.465411 SE(N= 3) 0.187577 0.305303E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.611670 0.995562E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN1 2/ 3/22 16:27 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE CCC RONG LA DAI LA SO LA SO CHOI DK GRAND MEAN (N= 15) NO OBS 15 4.0222 15 1.0444 15 0.33556 15 0.57778 15 0.86667 15 0.44000 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |NL SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 1.3828 0.71460 17.8 0.1552 1.1034 0.51985 49.8 0.9233 0.41336 0.25881 77.1 0.8520 0.79149 0.24721 42.8 0.4659 0.30342 0.32489 37.5 0.8156 0.58009E-010.52880E-01 12.0 0.1696 Effect of 2.4-D on plant 70 |CT$ | | | 0.0038 0.0014 0.0112 0.0001 0.4855 0.4199 | | | | BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CCC FILE TN1A 2/ 3/22 16:41 :PAGE VARIATE V003 CCC LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 637037 318519 0.34 0.727 CT$ 8.35926 2.08981 2.20 0.158 * RESIDUAL 7.58518 948148 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 16.5815 1.18439 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE RONG LA FILE TN1A 2/ 3/22 16:41 :PAGE VARIATE V004 RONG LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 189481 947407E-01 0.54 0.605 CT$ 1.07156 267889 1.53 0.281 * RESIDUAL 1.39867 174833 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 2.65970 189979 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAI LA FILE TN1A 2/ 3/22 16:41 :PAGE VARIATE V005 DAI LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 111111E-01 555556E-02 0.34 0.723 CT$ 828593 207148 12.78 0.002 * RESIDUAL 129630 162037E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 969333 692381E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO LA FILE TN1A 2/ 3/22 16:41 :PAGE VARIATE V006 SO LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 192593 962963E-01 1.24 0.341 CT$ 400000 100000 1.29 0.352 * RESIDUAL 622222 777778E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 1.21481 867725E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO CHOI FILE TN1A 2/ 3/22 16:41 :PAGE VARIATE V007 SO CHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 148148E-01 740741E-02 1.00 0.412 CT$ 296296E-01 740741E-02 1.00 0.462 * RESIDUAL 592593E-01 740741E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 103704 740741E-02 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DK FILE TN1A 2/ 3/22 16:41 :PAGE VARIATE V008 DK SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 148148E-03 740741E-04 0.02 0.979 71 CT$ 121926 304815E-01 9.20 0.005 * RESIDUAL 265185E-01 331482E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 148593 106138E-01 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN1A 2/ 3/22 16:41 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 5 5) 8DF NL NOS 5 CCC 6.23333 6.63333 6.16667 RONG LA 2.68000 2.93333 2.90000 0.435465 1.42001 0.186994 0.609768 SO CHOI 1.00000 1.06667 1.00000 DK 0.446667 0.453333 0.446667 DAI LA 0.926667 0.960000 0.893333 SO LA 1.20000 1.46667 1.40000 0.569275E-01 0.124722 0.185635 0.406706 SE(N= 5) 0.384900E-01 0.257481E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.125512 0.839619E-01 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 3 3 3) 8DF CT$ CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 NOS 3 3 CCC 5.16667 7.38889 6.77778 6.38889 6.00000 RONG LA 2.41111 2.94444 2.72222 2.88889 3.22222 0.562183 1.83322 0.241408 0.787207 SO CHOI 1.00000 1.11111 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 DK 0.277778 0.533333 0.455556 0.511111 0.466667 DAI LA 0.788889 1.38889 0.844444 0.866667 0.744444 SO LA 1.22222 1.55556 1.44444 1.11111 1.44444 0.734931E-01 0.161015 0.239654 0.525055 SE(N= 3) 0.496904E-01 0.332406E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.162035 0.108394 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN1A 2/ 3/22 16:41 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE CCC RONG LA DAI LA SO LA SO CHOI DK GRAND MEAN (N= 15) NO OBS 15 6.3444 15 2.8378 15 0.92667 15 1.3556 15 1.0222 15 0.44889 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |NL SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 1.0883 0.97373 15.3 0.7272 0.43587 0.41813 14.7 0.6054 0.26313 0.12729 13.7 0.7227 0.29457 0.27889 20.6 0.3409 0.86066E-010.86066E-01 8.4 0.4115 0.10302 0.57574E-01 12.8 0.9789 |CT$ | | | 0.1583 0.2809 0.0018 0.3523 0.4617 0.0048 | | | | Effect of 6-BAP and α-NAA on plant BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CCC FILE TN2 2/ 3/22 16:43 :PAGE VARIATE V003 CCC 72 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 144444 722222E-01 0.08 0.927 CT$ 5.22222 1.30556 1.37 0.326 * RESIDUAL 7.63333 954167 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 13.0000 928571 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE RONG LA FILE TN2 2/ 3/22 16:43 :PAGE VARIATE V004 RONG LA LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 778815 389407 1.67 0.248 CT$ 3.17407 793518 3.39 0.067 * RESIDUAL 1.87081 233852 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 5.82370 415979 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAI LA FILE TN2 2/ 3/22 16:43 :PAGE VARIATE V005 DAI LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 227111 113556 3.75 0.071 CT$ 179259 448148E-01 1.48 0.295 * RESIDUAL 242519 303148E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 648889 463492E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO LA FILE TN2 2/ 3/22 16:43 :PAGE VARIATE V006 SO LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 281481 140741 1.25 0.339 CT$ 296296E-01 740740E-02 0.07 0.988 * RESIDUAL 903704 112963 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 1.21481 867725E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO CHOI FILE TN2 2/ 3/22 16:43 :PAGE VARIATE V007 SO CHOI SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 259259E-01 129630E-01 0.48 0.638 CT$ 251852 629630E-01 2.34 0.142 * RESIDUAL 214815 268518E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 492593 351852E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAI RE FILE TN2 2/ 3/22 16:43 :PAGE VARIATE V008 DAI RE SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 101111E-01 505555E-02 0.00 0.998 CT$ 2.11474 528685 0.29 0.873 * RESIDUAL 14.3541 1.79427 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 16.4790 1.17707 73 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO RE FILE TN2 2/ 3/22 16:43 :PAGE VARIATE V009 SO RE LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 711111 355556 1.26 0.334 CT$ 2.63704 659259 2.34 0.142 * RESIDUAL 2.25185 281481 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 5.60000 400000 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DK FILE TN2 2/ 3/22 16:43 :PAGE VARIATE V010 DK LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 192593E-02 962963E-03 0.39 0.690 CT$ 106667E-01 266667E-02 1.09 0.423 * RESIDUAL 195556E-01 244444E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 321481E-01 229630E-02 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN2 2/ 3/22 16:43 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 5 5) 8DF NL NOS 5 CCC 7.03333 7.10000 6.86667 RONG LA 3.05333 3.26667 2.71333 0.436845 1.42451 0.216265 0.705217 SO CHOI 1.13333 1.06667 1.03333 DAI RE 3.82333 3.82000 3.76667 DAI LA 1.02667 1.27333 1.00000 SO LA 2.13333 1.80000 2.00000 0.778650E-01 0.150308 0.253910 0.490140 SO RE 2.33333 2.06667 1.80000 DK 0.480000 0.486667 0.460000 SE(N= 5) 0.732828E-01 0.599044 0.237268 0.221108E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.238968 1.95342 0.773708 0.721012E-01 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 SE(N= 5%LSD 3) 8DF CT$ CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 NOS 3 3 NOS 3 3 CCC 6.05556 7.22222 6.72222 7.83333 7.16667 RONG LA 2.50000 3.22222 2.61111 3.77778 2.94444 DAI LA 0.955555 1.04444 1.28889 1.11111 1.10000 SO LA 2.00000 1.88889 2.00000 2.00000 2.00000 0.563964 1.83903 0.279196 0.910431 0.100523 0.327796 0.194047 0.632768 SO CHOI 1.00000 1.33333 1.00000 1.05556 1.00000 DAI RE 3.16667 3.77778 4.28333 3.73333 4.05556 SO RE 1.55556 1.77778 2.77778 2.00000 2.22222 DK 0.433333 0.500000 0.455556 0.488889 0.500000 SE(N= 3) 0.946077E-01 0.773362 0.306312 0.285450E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.308506 2.52186 0.998853 0.930822E-01 - 74 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN2 2/ 3/22 16:43 :PAGE 10 F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE CCC RONG LA DAI LA SO LA SO CHOI DAI RE SO RE DK GRAND MEAN (N= 15) NO OBS 15 7.0000 15 3.0111 15 1.1000 15 1.9778 15 1.0778 15 3.8033 15 2.0667 15 0.47556 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |NL SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.96362 0.97681 14.0 0.9273 0.64496 0.48358 16.1 0.2483 0.21529 0.17411 15.8 0.0706 0.29457 0.33610 17.0 0.3389 0.18758 0.16387 15.2 0.6378 1.0849 1.3395 35.2 0.9976 0.63246 0.53055 25.7 0.3344 0.47920E-010.49441E-01 10.4 0.6903 |CT$ | | | 0.3263 0.0666 0.2950 0.9879 0.1415 0.8733 0.1418 0.4233 | | | | Effect of TDZ and α-NAA on plant BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CCC FILE TN2A 2/ 3/22 16:52 :PAGE VARIATE V003 CCC LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 2.97778 1.48889 3.71 0.072 CT$ 11.8593 2.96482 7.39 0.009 * RESIDUAL 3.20741 400926 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 18.0444 1.28889 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE RONG LA FILE TN2A 2/ 3/22 16:52 :PAGE VARIATE V004 RONG LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 554288 277144 1.56 0.267 CT$ 4.50823 1.12706 6.36 0.014 * RESIDUAL 1.41839 177298 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 6.48090 462922 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAI LA FILE TN2A 2/ 3/22 16:52 :PAGE VARIATE V005 DAI LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 284609E-01 142305E-01 0.13 0.883 CT$ 313218 783046E-01 0.69 0.620 * RESIDUAL 905695 113212 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 1.24737 890982E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO LA FILE TN2A 2/ 3/22 16:52 :PAGE VARIATE V006 SO LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 592592E-01 296296E-01 0.44 0.660 CT$ 2.93333 733333 11.00 0.003 * RESIDUAL 533333 666667E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 3.52593 251852 - 75 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO CHOI FILE TN2A 2/ 3/22 16:52 :PAGE VARIATE V007 SO CHOI LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 148148E-01 740740E-02 1.00 0.412 CT$ 474074 118519 16.00 0.001 * RESIDUAL 592592E-01 740740E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 548148 391534E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAI RE FILE TN2A 2/ 3/22 16:52 :PAGE VARIATE V008 DAI RE SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 836214 418107 0.62 0.563 CT$ 3.53786 884465 1.32 0.341 * RESIDUAL 5.35720 669650 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 9.73128 695091 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO RE FILE TN2A 2/ 3/22 16:52 :PAGE VARIATE V009 SO RE SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 248560 124280 0.76 0.504 CT$ 1.71687 429218 2.61 0.115 * RESIDUAL 1.31523 164403 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 3.28066 234333 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DK FILE TN2A 2/ 3/22 16:52 :PAGE VARIATE V010 DK SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 134815E-01 674074E-02 2.44 0.148 CT$ 124148 310370E-01 11.25 0.003 * RESIDUAL 220741E-01 275926E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 159704 114074E-01 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN2A 2/ 3/22 16:52 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL SE(N= 5%LSD 5) 8DF NL NOS 5 NOS 5 CCC 7.53333 6.80000 6.46667 RONG LA 3.27556 2.96667 2.81333 DAI LA 0.995556 1.06667 1.10000 SO LA 1.66667 1.66667 1.53333 0.283170 0.923388 0.188307 0.614051 0.150474 0.490680 0.115470 0.376536 SO CHOI 1.06667 1.13333 1.06667 DAI RE 3.41111 3.10000 2.83333 SO RE 2.31111 2.00000 2.20000 DK 0.540000 0.573333 0.500000 SE(N= 5) 0.384900E-01 0.365965 0.181330 0.234915E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.125512 1.19337 0.591300 0.766035E-01 - 76 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 3 3 3) 8DF CT$ CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 NOS 3 3 CCC 6.05556 6.94444 8.61111 6.66667 6.38889 RONG LA 2.50000 3.05556 4.05556 2.77778 2.70370 DAI LA 0.955555 1.01111 1.33333 0.933333 1.03704 SO LA 2.00000 1.33333 2.22222 1.00000 1.55556 0.365571 1.19209 0.243104 0.792737 0.194261 0.633465 0.149071 0.486106 SO CHOI 1.00000 1.00000 1.44444 1.00000 1.00000 DAI RE 3.16667 2.27778 3.50000 3.66667 2.96296 SO RE 1.55556 2.33333 2.55556 2.11111 2.29630 DK 0.433333 0.588889 0.688889 0.500000 0.477778 SE(N= 3) 0.496904E-01 0.472458 0.234096 0.303274E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.162035 1.54064 0.763364 0.988947E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN2A 2/ 3/22 16:52 :PAGE 10 F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE CCC RONG LA DAI LA SO LA SO CHOI DAI RE SO RE DK GRAND MEAN (N= 15) NO OBS 15 6.9333 15 3.0185 15 1.0541 15 1.6222 15 1.0889 15 3.1148 15 2.1704 15 0.53778 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |NL SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 1.1353 0.63319 9.1 0.0718 0.68038 0.42107 13.9 0.2672 0.29849 0.33647 31.9 0.8832 0.50185 0.25820 15.9 0.6598 0.19787 0.86066E-01 7.9 0.4115 0.83372 0.81832 26.3 0.5635 0.48408 0.40547 18.7 0.5035 0.10681 0.52529E-01 9.8 0.1477 |CT$ | | | 0.0090 0.0137 0.6196 0.0028 0.0009 0.3410 0.1154 0.0026 | | | | Effect of 2.4-D on plant BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE CCC FILE TN2B 2/ 3/22 16:55 :PAGE VARIATE V003 CCC LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 959260 479630 1.22 0.345 CT$ 21.7333 5.43333 13.87 0.001 * RESIDUAL 3.13333 391667 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 25.8259 1.84471 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE RONG LA FILE TN2B 2/ 3/22 16:55 :PAGE VARIATE V004 RONG LA SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 432592E-01 216296E-01 0.12 0.885 CT$ 26.7889 6.69722 38.20 0.000 * RESIDUAL 1.40267 175333 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 28.2348 2.01677 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAI LA FILE TN2B 2/ 3/22 16:55 :PAGE 77 VARIATE V005 DAI LA LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 653333E-01 326667E-01 0.68 0.539 CT$ 1.88637 471593 9.76 0.004 * RESIDUAL 386519 483148E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 2.33822 167016 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO LA FILE TN2B 2/ 3/22 16:55 :PAGE VARIATE V006 SO LA LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 444444E-01 222222E-01 0.55 0.604 CT$ 8.51852 2.12963 52.27 0.000 * RESIDUAL 325927 407409E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 8.88889 634921 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO CHOI FILE TN2B 2/ 3/22 16:55 :PAGE VARIATE V007 SO CHOI SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 0.000000 0.000000 0.00 1.000 CT$ 0.000000 0.000000 0.00 1.000 * RESIDUAL 0.000000 0.000000 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 0.000000 0.000000 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAI RE FILE TN2B 2/ 3/22 16:55 :PAGE VARIATE V008 DAI RE SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 811111 405556 1.00 0.412 CT$ 24.0667 6.01667 14.84 0.001 * RESIDUAL 3.24444 405555 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 28.1222 2.00873 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SO RE FILE TN2B 2/ 3/22 16:55 :PAGE VARIATE V009 SO RE SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 592592E-01 296296E-01 1.00 0.412 CT$ 5.80741 1.45185 49.00 0.000 * RESIDUAL 237037 296296E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 6.10370 435979 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DK FILE TN2B 2/ 3/22 16:55 :PAGE VARIATE V010 DK SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 281482E-02 140741E-02 0.19 0.833 CT$ 142519 356296E-01 4.74 0.030 * RESIDUAL 601481E-01 751852E-02 - 78 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 205481 146772E-01 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TN2B 2/ 3/22 16:55 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 5 5) 8DF NL NOS 5 CCC 4.96667 4.90000 4.40000 RONG LA 1.28667 1.30000 1.18000 DAI LA 0.280000 0.420000 0.280000 SO LA 0.733333 0.600000 0.666667 0.279881 0.912663 0.187261 0.610639 0.983004E-01 0.902672E-01 0.320548 0.294352 SO CHOI 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 DAI RE 0.900000 0.666667 0.333333 SO RE 0.266667 0.400000 0.266667 DK 0.453333 0.433333 0.420000 SE(N= 5) 0.000000 0.284800 0.769800E-01 0.387776E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.000000 0.928704 0.251024 0.126450 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 3 3 3) 8DF CT$ CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 CCC 6.05556 4.27778 6.27778 3.94444 3.22222 0.361325 1.17824 NOS 3 3 SO CHOI 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 RONG LA 2.50000 0.388889 3.22222 0.000000 0.166667 0.241753 0.788332 DAI RE 3.16667 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DAI LA SO LA 0.955555 2.00000 0.122222 0.222222 0.477778 1.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.777778E-01 0.111111 0.126905 0.413825 0.116534 0.380007 SO RE 1.55556 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DK 0.433333 0.344444 0.622222 0.388889 0.388889 SE(N= 3) 0.000000 0.367675 0.993807E-01 0.500617E-01 5%LSD 8DF 0.000000 1.19895 0.324070 0.163246 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TN2B 2/ 3/22 16:55 :PAGE 10 F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE CCC RONG LA DAI LA SO LA SO CHOI DAI RE SO RE DK GRAND MEAN (N= 15) NO OBS 15 4.7556 15 1.2556 15 0.32667 15 0.66667 15 1.0000 15 0.63333 15 0.31111 15 0.43556 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |NL SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 1.3582 0.62583 13.2 0.3445 1.4201 0.41873 33.4 0.8852 0.40868 0.21981 67.3 0.5389 0.79682 0.20184 30.3 0.6035 0.00000 0.00000 0.0 1.0000 1.4173 0.63683 100.6 0.4115 0.66029 0.17213 55.3 0.4115 0.12115 0.86709E-01 19.9 0.8334 79 |CT$ | | | 0.0014 0.0001 0.0040 0.0000 1.0000 0.0011 0.0000 0.0299 | | | | Effect of 6-BAP on PLBs formation BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SONG FILE PLBBAP 11/ 3/22 12:16 :PAGE VARIATE V003 SONG LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 28.1274 14.0637 0.46 0.652 CT$ 8544.90 2136.22 69.50 0.000 * RESIDUAL 245.887 30.7358 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 8818.91 629.922 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE PLBBAP 11/ 3/22 12:16 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS 5 SONG 56.6640 55.3320 53.3320 SE(N= 5) 2.47935 5%LSD 8DF 8.08490 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ MS FM-1 FM-2 FM-3 FM-4 NOS 3 3 SONG 35.5533 42.2200 33.3333 95.5533 68.8867 SE(N= 3) 3.20082 5%LSD 8DF 10.4376 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE PLBBAP 11/ 3/22 12:16 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE SONG GRAND MEAN (N= 15) NO OBS 15 55.109 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |NL SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 25.098 5.5440 10.1 0.6522 |CT$ | | | 0.0000 | | | | Effect of 2.4-D on PLBs formation BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE SONG FILE PLBD 11/ 3/22 12:37 :PAGE VARIATE V003 SONG LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= NL 124.356 62.1778 0.23 0.803 CT$ 5888.33 1472.08 5.39 0.021 * RESIDUAL 2186.51 273.314 - 80 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 14 8199.20 585.657 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE PLBD 11/ 3/22 12:37 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT NL NL NOS 5 SONG 53.9980 48.6660 47.3340 SE(N= 5) 7.39343 5%LSD 8DF 24.1092 MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$ CT$ MS FM-1 FM-2 FM-3 FM-4 NOS 3 3 SONG 22.2233 36.6667 48.8867 63.3333 78.8867 SE(N= 3) 9.54488 5%LSD 8DF 31.1249 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE PLBD 11/ 3/22 12:37 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE SONG GRAND MEAN (N= 15) NO OBS 15 49.999 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |NL SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 24.200 16.532 33.1 0.8029 81 |CT$ | | | 0.0215 | | | |