Effect of saline stress on growth of sugarcane

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: EFFECT OF SALINE STRESS ON GROWTH OF SUGARCANE Instructor : Dr DINH THAI HOANG Department : INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICINAL PLANTS Student name: Doan Van Vinh Class : K62KHCTT Course : 62 Hanoi – 2022 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this paper is my own work All results and data in this thesis are absolutely honest and have not been used in a different thesis All sources used in this paper were cited in references Hanoi, March 10th ,2022 Student Doan Van Vinh i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To complete this thesis, I am deeply indebted to people who have been providing me with precious support and advice Firstly, I would like to send my gratitude to my supervisor, PhD Dinh Thai Hoang, Industrial and Medicinal Crops, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, for his enthusiastic support, helpful advice and considerable encouragement in the completion of my thesis I would also like to express sincere thanks to the lectures from the Faculty of Agronomy in general and lectures in the Department of Industrial And Medicinal Crops in particular, who taught and created best conditions for students during the learning process and research More help came from the members of the scientific research team I specially want to express my sincere thanks to them Last but not least, I want to express my sincere thanks to my family and intimate friends who have always been by my side, give me support and strength to complete this graduation thesis I sincerely thank! ii CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii CONTENTS iii TABLES v FIGURES vi ABSTRACT vii CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem 2.1 Objective and requirement 2.1.1 Objective 2.1.2 Requirement CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Origin and botanical characteristic 2.1.1 Origin and distribution 2.1.2 Botanical characteristics 2.2 Sugarcane production in the world 2.2 Sugarcane production in Vietnam 11 2.4 Mechanisms of salt resistance 12 2.4.1 Nature mechanisms of salt stress 13 2.4.2 Plant responses to salt stress 16 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 23 3.1 Material 23 3.2 Time and location 23 3.3 Experimental design 23 3.4 Data collections 26 3.4.1 Plant growth data: 26 3.4.2 Plant physiological data: 26 iii 3.5 Data analysis 28 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 29 4.1 Effects of salinity stress on growth dynamics of sugarcane variety ROC10 29 4.1.1 The effect of salinity stress on growth dynamic the plant height of sugarcane 29 4.1.2 The effect of salinity stress on growth dynamic of total leaf numbers on the main stalk of sugarcane 33 4.2 Effects of salinity stress on growth parameters of sugarcane variety ROC10 37 4.2.1 Effect of salinity stress on plant height of sugarcane 37 4.2.2 Effect of salinity stress on leaf numbers of sugarcane 42 4.2.3 Effect of salinity stress on stalk diameter of sugarcane 45 4.3 Effects of salinity stress on physiological parameters of sugarcane variety ROC10 48 4.3.1 Effect of salinity stress on leaf area of sugarcane 48 4.3.2 Effect of salinity stress on SPAD of sugarcane 51 4.3.3 Effect of salinity stress on chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of sugarcane 54 4.3.4 Effect of salinity stress on the leaf relative water content of sugarcane 56 4.4 Effects of salinity stress on dry matter accumulation and Brix values of sugarcane 58 4.4.1 Effect of salinity stress on stalk and leaves dry weight of sugarcane 58 4.4.2 Effect of salinity stress on Brix values of sugarcane 61 Table 4.11 Effect of salinity stress on Brix values of sugarcane 61 CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 64 5.1 Conclusion 64 5.2 Suggestion 65 REFERENCES 66 APPENDIX iv TABLES Table 1: Sugarcane yields worldwide from 2014 to 2018 (ton/ha) Table 2.2 The country cultivation sugarcane and sugar beet 10 Table 2.3 Major crops showing different salt-tolerance levels 14 Table 3.1 Fertilization schedule for each experimental (gram) 25 Table 4.1 Growth dynamics of plant height of sugarcane under different salinity levels 31 Table 4.2 Growth dynamics of total leaf numbers on the main stalk of sugarcane under different salinity levels 35 Table 4.3 Effect of salinity stress on plant height of sugarcane 37 Table 4.4 Effect of salinity stress on leaf numbers of sugarcane 42 Table 4.5 Effect of salinity stress on stalk diameter of sugarcane 45 Table 4.6 Effect of salinity stress on leaf area of sugarcane 48 Table 4.7 Effect of salinity stress on SPAD of sugarcane 51 Table 4.8 Effect of salinity stress on chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of sugarcane 54 Table 4.9 Effect of salinity stress on the leaf relative water content of sugarcane 56 Table 4.10 Effect of salinity stress on stalk and leaves dry weight of sugarcane 58 v FIGURES Figure 2.1 The production of sugarcane in the world 2020 Figure 2.3 The situation production in Vietnam 12 Figure 2.4 Transport and regulation of salt in soil-plant system 16 Figure 3.1 Net-house of Advance Program (N10) 23 Figure 4.1a The growth dynamic height 32 of sugarcane ROC10 at the weeks salinization 32 Figure 4.1b The growth dynamic height 32 of sugarcane ROC10 at the weeks salinization 32 Figure 4.1c The growth dynamic height of sugarcane ROC10 at the weeks salinization 33 Figure4.3 Sample collection at 6th week recovery (Salinity period in weeks) 41 Figure4.4 Sample collection at 2nd week recovery (Salinity period in weeks) 41 Fỉgure4.5 Sample collection after 6th week salinization 41 vi ABSTRACT The experiment was carried out from October 2021 to February 2022 in the nethouse conditions of the Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy town , Gia Lam district, Hanoi The experiment was arranged into separated blocks with different stress durations respectively to 4, and weeks respectively In each block salt levels (M0, M1, M2) were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with3 replications, to pots per replication main plot factors: salinity levels M0: non-stress (control) – full irrigation by daily water loss from a control pot, using fresh water ` M1: Saline stress – full irrigation by daily water loss using fresh water until weeks after transplanting, then replacing by salt water with concentration 50mM After stress period, fresh water until to experiment finish M2: Saline stress – full irrigation by daily water loss using fresh water until weeks after transplanting, then replacing by salt water with concentration 100mM After stress period, fresh water until to experiment finish causing salinity affecting growth parameters such as height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, ability to accumulate dry matter physiological parameters such as spad, fv/fm And salt also affects the Brix index vii In addition, salinity also affects CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem Sugarcane, (Saccharum officinarum), perennial grass of the family Poaceae, it has been widely known as raw material for white sugar production Sugarcane juice is relished as a refreshing drink as it is nutritious and rich in vitamins, carbohydrates, and amino acids Sugarcane is principal sugar-producing raw material which cane sugar accounts for over 60% of the world's total raw sugar output, primarily cultivated sugarcane is grown in subtropical and tropical areas The plant is also grown for biofuel production, especially in Brazil, as the canes can be used directly to produce ethyl alcohol (ethanol) The by-products from cane sugar processing, namely the straw and bagasse (cane fibers), can be used to produce cellulosic ethanol, a second-generation biofuel Other sugarcane products include molasses, rum, and cachaỗa (a Brazilian alcohol), and the plant itself can be used as thatch and as livestock fodder Sugarcane is a glycophyte, which is sensitive to salt stress, and it is known that applications of saline water adversely affect sugarcane yields and qualities For instance, yield reduction by salt stress was found to be up to nearly 50% at soil electrical conductivity (EC) of dS m−1 In terms of quality, each dS mm−1 increase in soil EC decreased Brix and Pol in juice by about 0.6% Response to increased salinity also involved physiological changes such as reductions of net photosynthetic rate and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II in leaves treated with 200 mM NaCl Whereas various studies have been conducted under field and pot conditions in countries overseas, few studies regarding the effects of salt stress on sugarcane have been conducted in Japan, since salinity is not considered to be a serious problem However, our previous survey demonstrated that Na+ and Cl− were the primary salts present in irrigation waters collected from Japanese sugarcane growing areas and the total salt concentrations ranged widely from below 100 to above 2500 mg L-1 Waters containing 1500 to 7000 mg salt L-1 are classified as moderately saline, indicating that the observed salt concentrations are not high enough to cause fatal damage to sugarcane, but the yield and quality along with photosynthetic efficiency may become reduced to some extent due to salt stress Considering the increasing demand for irrigation in sugarcane production, further study on the effects of salt on sugarcane in Japan is becoming increasingly imperative In addition, the regions in the south Viet Nam account for 80 percent of the nation’s cane production, especially Cu Lao, Soc Trang province has the largest sugarcane growing area in the Mekong Delta region However, due to climate change and saltwater intrusion, sugarcane production and planting area are severely affected, leading to farmers losing the whole crop In 2016, the people of Cu Lao district were affected by the drought in late April and early May, causing damage to 6,500 hectares of unharvested sugarcane and newly planted sugarcane areas Starting from a practical demand, I conducted the topic: "Effect of saline stress on growth of sugarcane" 2.1 Objective and requirement 2.1.1 Objective Study the effect of salinity on sugarcane ROC10, from which it is possible to accurately assess the salt tolerance of the plant 2.1.2 Requirement - Evaluate the growth characteristics of sugarcane at different salt levels - Indicated the effects of saline stress on physiological parameters of sugarcane Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.05 Means of R3 for SALINE SALINE Mean 40.433 50 41.800 100 39.533 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.7652 Std Error (Diff of Means) 2.4964 Statistix 8.0 3/9/2022, 10:02:51 AM Spad weeks Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for H Source DF SS MS F P REP 4.416 2.2078 SALINE 112.869 56.4344 58.72 0.0011 Error 3.844 0.9611 Total 121.129 Grand Mean 39.989 CV 2.45 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 2.28051 2.28051 4.37 0.1276 Remainder 1.56394 0.52131 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.22 Means of H for SALINE SALINE Mean 44.867 50 36.567 100 38.533 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.5660 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.8005 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R1 Source DF SS MS F P REP 7.9400 3.97000 SALINE 11.0600 5.53000 0.60 0.5899 Error 36.6200 9.15500 Total 55.6200 Grand Mean 33.700 CV 8.98 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P 18 Nonadditivity 16.3414 16.3414 Remainder 20.2786 6.7595 2.42 0.2178 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.79 Means of R1 for SALINE SALINE Mean 34.533 50 32.133 100 34.433 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.7469 Std Error (Diff of Means) 2.4705 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R2 Source DF SS MS F P REP 11.6289 5.81444 SALINE 11.4689 5.73444 0.68 0.5561 Error 33.6311 8.40778 Total 56.7289 Grand Mean 40.711 CV 7.12 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 9.0794 9.07942 1.11 0.3695 Remainder 24.5517 8.18390 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.85 Means of R2 for SALINE SALINE Mean 42.233 50 39.533 100 40.367 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.6741 Std Error (Diff of Means) 2.3675 Statistix 8.0 3/9/2022, 10:03:27 AM Spad weeks Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for H Source DF SS MS F P REP 6.847 3.423 SALINE 240.487 120.243 22.32 0.0068 Error 21.547 5.387 Total 268.880 Grand Mean 31.400 CV 7.39 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity 19 Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 4.4844 4.48442 0.79 0.4400 Remainder 17.0622 5.68742 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.83 Means of H for SALINE SALINE Mean 38.633 50 28.700 100 26.867 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.3400 Std Error (Diff of Means) 1.8950 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R1 Source DF SS MS F P REP 18.936 9.468 SALINE 234.112 117.056 28.43 0.0043 Error 16.470 4.117 Total 269.518 Grand Mean 27.591 CV 7.35 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 7.82724 7.82724 2.72 0.1978 Remainder 8.64227 2.88076 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.22 Means of R1 for SALINE SALINE Mean 34.673 50 25.233 100 22.867 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.1715 Std Error (Diff of Means) 1.6568 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R2 Source DF SS MS F P REP 22.6067 11.3033 SALINE 4.1867 2.0933 0.89 0.4782 Error 9.3867 2.3467 Total 36.1800 Grand Mean 39.300 CV 3.90 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 4.60046 4.60046 2.88 0.1881 20 Remainder 4.78621 1.59540 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.79 Means of R2 for SALINE SALINE Mean 40.167 50 39.233 100 38.500 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.8844 Std Error (Diff of Means) 1.2508 LRWC Statistix 8.0 3/9/2022, 10:04:07 AM LRWC weeks Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for H Source DF SS MS F P REP 56.515 28.2577 SALINE 16.937 8.4683 0.94 0.4616 Error 35.897 8.9742 Total 109.349 Grand Mean 90.962 CV 3.29 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 6.1370 6.13699 0.62 0.4890 Remainder 29.7598 9.91993 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.41 Means of H for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 89.344 M1 90.844 M2 92.698 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.7296 Std Error (Diff of Means) 2.4460 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R1 Source DF SS MS F P REP 5.7461 2.87303 SALINE 19.5492 9.77459 1.32 0.3623 Error 29.5540 7.38851 Total 54.8493 Grand Mean 94.473 CV 2.88 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity 21 Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 0.1922 0.19217 0.02 0.8974 Remainder 29.3619 9.78729 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.78 Means of R1 for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 93.040 M1 93.878 M2 96.500 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.5693 Std Error (Diff of Means) 2.2194 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R2 Source DF SS MS F P REP 20.0379 10.0190 SALINE 34.1782 17.0891 2.84 0.1710 Error 24.1037 6.0259 Total 78.3199 Grand Mean 80.316 CV 3.06 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 5.1490 5.14896 0.81 0.4332 Remainder 18.9548 6.31825 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.07 Means of R2 for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 82.000 M1 81.363 M2 77.584 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.4173 Std Error (Diff of Means) 2.0043 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R3 Source DF SS MS F P REP 35.640 17.8198 SALINE 56.947 28.4736 3.97 0.1122 Error 28.677 7.1691 Total 121.263 Grand Mean 91.088 CV 2.94 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 3.3636 3.36360 0.40 0.5726 22 Remainder 25.3129 8.43764 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.26 Means of R3 for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 92.885 M1 92.849 M2 87.531 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.5459 Std Error (Diff of Means) 2.1862 Statistix 8.0 3/9/2022, 10:04:42 AM LRWC weeks Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for H Source DF SS MS F P REP 9.2559 4.62797 SALINE 1.1325 0.56627 0.24 0.8003 Error 9.6136 2.40341 Total 20.0021 Grand Mean 93.924 CV 1.65 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 1.25579 1.25579 0.45 0.5500 Remainder 8.35785 2.78595 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.13 Means of H for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 93.880 M1 93.512 M2 94.378 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.8951 Std Error (Diff of Means) 1.2658 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R1 Source DF SS MS F P REP 46.008 23.0042 SALINE 48.609 24.3043 3.72 0.1225 Error 26.168 6.5419 Total 120.785 Grand Mean 83.692 CV 3.06 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P 23 Nonadditivity 3.2663 3.26631 0.43 0.5597 Remainder 22.9013 7.63376 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.50 Means of R1 for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 86.262 M1 80.633 M2 84.182 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.4767 Std Error (Diff of Means) 2.0884 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R2 Source DF SS MS F P REP 59.665 29.8323 SALINE 4.305 2.1526 0.07 0.9297 Error 116.060 29.0150 Total 180.030 Grand Mean 92.051 CV 5.85 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 10.066 10.0657 0.28 0.6305 Remainder 105.994 35.3314 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.92 Means of R2 for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 93.025 M1 91.488 M2 91.640 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 3.1099 Std Error (Diff of Means) 4.3981 Statistix 8.0 3/9/2022, 10:07:38 AM weeks Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for H Source DF SS MS F P REP 9.2559 4.62797 SALINE 1.1325 0.56627 0.24 0.8003 Error 9.6136 2.40341 Total 20.0021 Grand Mean 93.924 CV 1.65 24 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 1.25579 1.25579 0.45 0.5500 Remainder 8.35785 2.78595 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.13 Means of H for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 93.880 M1 93.512 M2 94.378 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.8951 Std Error (Diff of Means) 1.2658 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R1 Source DF SS MS F P REP 46.008 23.0042 SALINE 48.609 24.3043 3.72 0.1225 Error 26.168 6.5419 Total 120.785 Grand Mean 83.692 CV 3.06 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 3.2663 3.26631 0.43 0.5597 Remainder 22.9013 7.63376 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.50 Means of R1 for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 86.262 M1 80.633 M2 84.182 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 1.4767 Std Error (Diff of Means) 2.0884 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R2 Source DF SS MS F P REP 59.665 29.8323 SALINE 4.305 2.1526 0.07 0.9297 Error 116.060 29.0150 Total 180.030 Grand Mean 92.051 CV 5.85 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity 25 Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 10.066 10.0657 0.28 0.6305 Remainder 105.994 35.3314 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.92 Means of R2 for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 93.025 M1 91.488 M2 91.640 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 3.1099 Std Error (Diff of Means) 4.3981 Statistix 8.0 3/9/2022, 10:08:26 AM weeks Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for H Source DF SS MS F P REP 28.849 14.4247 SALINE 28.649 14.3243 0.23 0.8057 Error 251.075 62.7687 Total 308.573 Grand Mean 83.837 CV 9.45 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 195.932 195.932 10.66 0.0470 Remainder 55.143 18.381 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.74 Means of H for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 81.691 M1 86.059 M2 83.761 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 4.5742 Std Error (Diff of Means) 6.4688 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R1 Source DF SS MS F P REP 90.080 45.0398 SALINE 90.432 45.2158 1.80 0.2774 Error 100.616 25.1539 Total 281.127 Grand Mean 86.126 CV 5.82 26 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 1.8360 1.8360 0.06 0.8285 Remainder 98.7798 32.9266 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.10 Means of R1 for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 84.924 M1 90.468 M2 82.987 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 2.8956 Std Error (Diff of Means) 4.0950 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R2 Source DF SS MS F P REP 14.599 7.2993 SALINE 53.150 26.5751 1.72 0.2888 Error 61.742 15.4356 Total 129.491 Grand Mean 91.359 CV 4.30 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 40.6838 40.6838 5.80 0.0952 Remainder 21.0584 7.0195 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.80 Means of R2 for SALINE SALINE Mean M0 88.057 M1 93.835 M2 92.184 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 2.2683 Std Error (Diff of Means) 3.2079 Total leaf number Statistix 8.0 3/9/2022, 10:09:16 AM weeks Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for H Source DF SS MS F P REP 2.66667 1.33333 SALINE 2.00000 1.00000 3.00 0.1600 Error 1.33333 0.33333 Total 6.00000 Grand Mean 9.6667 CV 5.97 27 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 1.33333 1.33333-4.6E+14 1.0000 Remainder -8.660E-15 -2.887E-15 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.61 Means of H for SALINE SALINE Mean 10.000 50 10.000 100 9.000 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.3333 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.4714 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R1 Source DF SS MS F P REP 0.22222 0.11111 SALINE 2.88889 1.44444 2.36 0.2101 Error 2.44444 0.61111 Total 5.55556 Grand Mean 10.222 CV 7.65 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 0.00214 0.00214 0.00 0.9624 Remainder 2.44231 0.81410 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.73 Means of R1 for SALINE SALINE Mean 11.000 50 10.000 100 9.667 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.4513 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.6383 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R2 Source DF SS MS F P REP 1.5556 0.77778 SALINE 9.5556 4.77778 4.30 0.1008 Error 4.4444 1.11111 Total 15.5556 Grand Mean 11.222 CV 9.39 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity 28 Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 0.11305 0.11305 0.08 0.7978 Remainder 4.33140 1.44380 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.85 Means of R2 for SALINE SALINE Mean 12.667 50 10.667 100 10.333 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.6086 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.8607 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R3 Source DF SS MS F P REP 8.2222 4.11111 SALINE 10.8889 5.44444 7.00 0.0494 Error 3.1111 0.77778 Total 22.2222 Grand Mean 12.556 CV 7.02 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 0.09084 0.09084 0.09 0.7835 Remainder 3.02027 1.00676 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.90 Means of R3 for SALINE SALINE Mean 14.000 50 12.333 100 11.333 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.5092 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.7201 Statistix 8.0 3/9/2022, 10:09:53 AM weeks Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for H Source DF SS MS F P REP 0.66667 0.33333 SALINE 2.66667 1.33333 8.00 0.0400 Error 0.66667 0.16667 Total 4.00000 Grand Mean 9.6667 CV 4.22 29 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 0.25000 0.25000 1.80 0.2722 Remainder 0.41667 0.13889 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.15 Means of H for SALINE SALINE Mean 10.333 50 9.667 100 9.000 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.2357 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.3333 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R1 Source DF SS MS F P REP 0.22222 0.11111 SALINE 4.22222 2.11111 7.60 0.0434 Error 1.11111 0.27778 Total 5.55556 Grand Mean 11.778 CV 4.47 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 0.07164 0.07164 0.21 0.6802 Remainder 1.03947 0.34649 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.78 Means of R1 for SALINE SALINE Mean 12.667 50 11.667 100 11.000 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.3043 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.4303 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R2 Source DF SS MS F P REP 11.5556 5.77778 SALINE 2.8889 1.44444 13.00 0.0178 Error 0.4444 0.11111 Total 14.8889 Grand Mean 13.111 CV 2.54 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P 30 Nonadditivity 0.10273 0.10273 Remainder 0.34172 0.11391 0.90 0.4123 Relative Efficiency, RCB 12.63 Means of R2 for SALINE SALINE Mean 13.667 50 13.333 100 12.333 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.1925 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.2722 Statistix 8.0 3/9/2022, 10:10:33 AM weeks Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for H Source DF SS MS F P REP 0.88889 0.44444 SALINE 4.22222 2.11111 4.75 0.0878 Error 1.77778 0.44444 Total 6.88889 Grand Mean 11.111 CV 6.00 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 0.14620 0.14620 0.27 0.6399 Remainder 1.63158 0.54386 Relative Efficiency, RCB 0.92 Means of H for SALINE SALINE Mean 12.000 50 10.333 100 11.000 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.3849 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.5443 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R1 Source DF SS MS F P REP 1.55556 0.77778 SALINE 2.88889 1.44444 3.25 0.1451 Error 1.77778 0.44444 Total 6.22222 Grand Mean 12.556 CV 5.31 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity 31 Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 0.01954 0.01954 0.03 0.8668 Remainder 1.75824 0.58608 Relative Efficiency, RCB 1.09 Means of R1 for SALINE SALINE Mean 13.333 50 12.333 100 12.000 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.3849 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.5443 Randomized Complete Block AOV Table for R2 Source DF SS MS F P REP 13.5556 6.77778 SALINE 0.2222 0.11111 0.40 0.6944 Error 1.1111 0.27778 Total 14.8889 Grand Mean 14.111 CV 3.73 Tukey's Degree of Freedom Test for Nonadditivity Source DF SS MS F P Nonadditivity 0.00046 0.00046 0.00 0.9742 Remainder 1.11066 0.37022 Relative Efficiency, RCB 6.29 Means of R2 for SALINE SALINE Mean 14.333 50 14.000 100 14.000 Observations per Mean Standard Error of a Mean 0.3043 Std Error (Diff of Means) 0.4303 32