Awareness of local people environmental issue and young people’s interest in climate change in surakarta city, central java, indonesia

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN THI HUE AWARENESS OF LOCAL PEOPLE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S INTEREST IN CLIMATE CHANGE IN SURAKARTA CITY, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Programs Office Batch : 2016-2020 Thai Nguyen, 26/11/2020 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name NGUYEN THI HUE Student ID DTN1654290016 Thesis Title Awareness of local people environmental issue and young people’s interest in climate change in Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia Prof Dr Dang Van Minh Dr.Agr.Sc Ernoiz Antriyandarti S.P.,M.P.,M.Ec Ir.Agustono M.Si Supervisor Supervisor’s signature Abstract: The effects of climate change in the atmosphere are starting to appear This is clear, not only that it impacts the natural world, but also In Indonesia, according to the IPCC estimates, these impacts are to increase over the coming decades The temperature amount of rainfall will decline and the rise in the sea variety of coastal areas Extreme human cultures weather conditions will expected increase, the level will impact are also a becoming more and more common triggering problems such as flooding and droughts Such developments present a significant challenge to human existence, economic growth, and the natural environment on which humans rely primarily for their prosperity Moreover, these changes affect different levels and in different ways in every society This research would have a general context for potential forecasts of the field of focus on climatic factors and climate change The purpose of this study is to assess adolescents and local people on how local people appreciate and care about climate change in the city of Surakarta The effort should also be made to examine for the area the factors that render society's essential realms susceptible to severe weather events The goal of this is to explain at some level the causes that increase the susceptibility of the local community when subjected to different triggers, as the effectiveness of adaptation or mitigation approaches is subject to population dynamics along with other variables Keywords Awareness, Climate change, Local people, Young people, Human behavior, Knowledge Number pages 61 Date of submission 26/11/2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Foremost, I would like to thank my family My parents gave birth to me in the first place and supported me spiritually throughout my life I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor P r o f D r Dang Van Minh for the continuous support of my research, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge His guidance has helped me to study and write this thesis all the time I couldn't have imagined that I had a better consultant and mentor for my research Besides my advisor, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee: Ir.Agustono M.Si, Dr.Agr.Sc Ernoiz Antriyandarti S.P.,M.P.,M.Ec for their encouragement, insightful comments, and hard questions Thank you so much I would like to say thank Desta and Iqbal, who helped me to translate my questionnaire and explain what I cannot understand Also, I thank my friend Linda who very sensitive assistant and helped me spread the questionnaire Besides, I thank my friends in Universitas Sebelas Maret Thank you for those people who have never been here during my hard times, because you guys teach me a lot that sometimes the one you're hoping will always stay right next to you during your hard times is the one who's just a small part of your life that you don't even need to remember, and finally, I thank you for being able to cope with every obstacle during this study of procrastinating I appreciate that I've done it very well The researcher Nguyen Thi Hue TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Rationale 1.2 Research Objectives .13 1.3 Research Questions and Hypotheses .13 1.3.1 Research Questions 1.3.2 Hypotheses 1.4 Scope and Limitations 14 1.5 Significance of Study 15 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The environmental issue in Indonesia 16 2.1.1 Environmental problem 2.2 Awareness and knowledge of climate change 17 2.2.1 Climate Change Knowledge, Views, and Agency 2.2.2 Emotions and Coping in relation to Climate Change 2.3 Human behavior in responding to climate change 19 2.3.1 Adaptation to climate change 2.3.2 Adaptation and mitigation 2.4 The factor that influences the awareness of climate change 23 2.4.1 Education 2.4.2 Age 2.4.3 Personal experience 2.4.4 Access to information 2.4.5 Gender 2.4.6 Income CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Location 31 3.2 Materials 31 3.3 Research Design 31 3.4 Sampling Technique 32 3.5 Data Collection 32 3.6 Hypothesis testing 34 CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Survey Analysis 36 4.2 Cross classification and data testing 40 4.3 Factor Analysis that Affects Awareness climate change in Surakarta .46 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 51 REFERENCES 55 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Key factors of adaptation to climate 16 change Figure 2: Results in percentages of question “Have you ever heard about climate 36 change?” Figure 3: Results in percentages of question “How important is the issue of climate 37 change to you personally? Figure 4: Results in percentages of question 3: Which of these natural events affects 37 climate change in the region? Figure 5: Results in percentages of question 4: “Who you think should have the main responsibility for tackling climate change?” 38 Figure 6: Results in percentages of question “Do you think that the local authorities are adequately prepared to cope with the possible impacts of climate 39 change?” Figure 7: Results in percentages of question 6: “Have you ever taken or you regularly 39 take, any action out of concern for climate change?” Figure 8: Correlation between age and belief in Climate Change due to human 40 activities Figure 9: Correlation between gender and belief in Climate Change due to human 42 activities Figure 10: Correlation between education level and belief in climate change due to 42 anthropogenic activities Figure 11: Correlation between age and the belief of having experienced extreme weather conditions caused by long-term global climate change 43 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Conceptual differences between adaptation and mitigation orientation .17 Table 2: Respond of people on climate change based on age 40 Table 3: Respond of people on climate change based on education gender 41 Table 4: Respond of people on climate change based on education 42 Table 5: Respond of people on climate change based on age of having experienced weather condition .43 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Rationale Climate change which is a method of altering the climate environment over a lengthy period and across a large region due to natural causes or human activities has become a global concern Normal cycles provide a limited impact on climate change, while human action is the most important factor in climate change According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)(1992), explain that climate change is a climate transition that is specifically or implicitly due to human intervention that changes the structure of the global environment and exists in comparison to the normal climate variation found over similar periods Climate change impacts environmental, social and economic processes This limits the supply of healthy food and clean water and threatens wildlife and sustainable breathing conditions This leads to poverty, poor health, and displacement, leaving young people especially vulnerable Impacts of climate change involve but are not limited to, melting ice, rising sea levels and increasing the occurrence of severe weather conditions such as droughts, cyclones or heavy rainfall The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)(2014) has stated that proof of a human impact on climate change is well-defined Climate change is related to global economic changes impacting the progress of industrialization, including greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse gasses consist of many pollutants, one of which is carbon dioxide (CO2), which is primarily generated through fuel-burning operations The production of CO2 has risen by 31 percent since 1750 (Houghton et al., 2001) which was largely attributed to deforestation, shipping operations, and the manufacturing field Scientists have found certain indicators of climate change: Since 1861, global surface temperatures have risen by 0.6 oC and then by 0.6 ± 0.2 oC over the 20th century Likewise, the global sea level increased from 0.1 to 0.2 meters in the 20th century Finally, snow and ice cover reduced by around 10% Global change is expected to impact both the climate and the human species, while human wellbeing is influenced by environmental factors Climate change negatively affects people, of areas The rising global temperatures including their are creating issues respiratory conditions such as asthma Data recorded a rise extreme asthma after a thunderstorm during the pollen allergy(D’Amato et al., 2007) Another case stated that wellbeing, in a variety for people with in the occurrence of season owing to heavy precipitation, rising temperatures, and wind affect outdoor physical activity, including young people and local people(Chan & Ryan, 2009) Physical activity is one of the determinants of wellbeing Some health consequences of climate change are linked to vector -borne diseases As a consequence of climate change, economic position, vector control capacity, and drug resistance (Githeko et al., 2000) According to this data, climate change and human health are interrelated As a broad archipelago community, Indonesia is one of the countries susceptible to climate change owing to its geographical position and subtropical environment, and also has a high population density that relies on agriculture Higher sea levels, flooding, droughts, and landslides are several types of climate change threats that affect Indonesia According to PEACE (2007) defined environmental change in Indonesia has been recorded since 1990 as a consequence of a temperature rise of around 0.3oC which has happened all year 10