Assessment and experience of environmental situation in new rural construction in duong quang and nong thuong communes in bac kan city, bac kan province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY HOANG HONG SON ASSESSMENT AND EXPERIENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION IN NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION IN DUONG QUANG AND NONG THUONG COMMUNES IN BAC KAN CITY, BAC KAN PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2017 - 2021 Supervisor : Nguyen Thanh Hai Thai Nguyen, 20/10/2021 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree program Bachelor of Science and Environmental Management Name : Hoàng Hồng Sơn Student code DTN1854390004 Assessment and Experience of Environmental Situation Subject Name in New Rural Construction in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong Communes in Bac Kan City, Bac Kan Province Instructor Mr Nguyen Thanh Hai Instructor's signature Summary: This study assesses the environmental protection work under the national target program in new rural construction With criterion 17 on environmental protection and food safety and hygiene, it is proposed to aim at sustainable rural development, socializing, and greening the countryside In addition, specific measures in each aspect of new rural construction are also suggested so that people, ministries, and agencies have particular methods in environmental protection The study also clearly shows the implementation of Criterion No 17 of the new rural office in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes, thereby evaluating and drawing lessons from experience to build, add and implement new measures The new law on environmental protection in new rural construction Keywords Environment, rural, criterion No 17 Number of Pages 61 Date of Submission ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After six months of practicing and completing my graduation thesis, I have experienced many difficulties and problems But with the support and support from family, teachers, and friends, I could overcome difficulties to complete the idea First of all, I would like to thank my family for always being there to encourage and support me during difficult times during the completion of the course., It also allowed me to go to school Secondly, I would like to thank Mr Nguyen Thanh Hai for always guiding, giving suggestions and ideas to make my thesis more scientific and professional Also, thank you for the love he have given me Special thanks to the IFAD project director in Vietnam, Mr Hoang Van Giap, for helping and allowing me to complete the thesis Thank you to the teachers at the advanced Program for teaching me helpful knowledge and always supporting me during my study period Special thanks also to the class of 49 advanced programs for accompanying me during the past years Finally, I wish you good health, success, and happiness in your teaching career Bring useful knowledge and continue to nurture future bachelors and masters Thai Nguyen, day…month…year Hoàng Hồng Sơn iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLE LIST OF FIGURE PART I INTRODUCE 1.1 Research institution 1.2 Research subjects 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses: 1.3.1 Research question 1.3.2 Hypothesis 1.4 Limit 1.5 Definition PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of the rural environment 2.1.1 General concept of the rural environment 2.1.2 Origins of the rural environment 2.1.3 National target on new rural construction 2.2 The organizational structure of the new rural management apparatus 27 2.3 Environmental situation in new rural construction in Vietnam and in the world 28 2.3.1 In the world 28 2.3.2 In Viet Nam 28 PART III: RESEARCH METHOD 30 3.1 Time and scope of research 30 3.2 Research content 30 3.3 Study Area 30 3.4 Research Methods 33 3.4.1 Primary data 33 3.4.2 Secondary data 33 3.5 Data analysis 33 iv 3.6 Treatment method 33 PART IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 34 4.1 There is a percentage of households that have access to hygienic and clean water 34 4.2 Production-business establishments, aquaculture, craft villages ensure environmental protection 36 4.3 Meet the standards of the landscape, the environment is assessed as green clean – beautiful 36 4.4 Burial in accordance with regulations and according to the plan 37 4.5 Solid waste in the area and wastewater in concentrated residential areas, production, and business establishments shall be collected and treated according to regulations 37 4.5.1 About wastewater 37 4.5.2 About solid waste 38 4.5.3 About collection and transportation of plant protection drug packages 39 4.5.4 About agricultural by-products 39 4.6 Households have latrines, bathrooms, and water tanks that are hygienic and clean 40 4.7 Percentage of livestock households with livestock barns that ensure environmental hygiene 40 4.8 Households and food production, and business establishments comply with regulations on ensuring food safety 41 PART V: CONCLUSION 59 REFERENCE 60 APPENDICES 62 v LIST OF TABLE Table Sanitary Water Standards 11 Table Values of pollution parameters as the basis for calculating the maximum allowable value in domestic wastewater 13 Table Maximum allowable limits for mineral mixtures 15 Table Maximum allowable limit for vitamin mixture 15 Table Maximum allowable limits for mineral-vitamin mixtures 15 Table Maximum allowable limit of pesticide residues in soil 18 Table Basic technical parameters of medical solid waste incinerator 21 Table Maximum allowable values of pollution parameters in the exhaust gas 22 Table Standards for dry latrines 23 Table 10 Standards for latrines 24 Table 11 Standards of hygienic stables 26 Table 12 Livestock wastewater standards 26 Table 13 Number of population in two communes 32 Table 14 Sampling locations 42 Table 15 Test results 42 Table 16 Sampling locations 43 Table 17 Test results 44 Table 18 Amount of solid waste 47 Table 19 Amount of Medical Waste 48 Table 20 Number of households meeting barn standards 50 Table 21 Total number of households with water consumption 50 Table 22 Total number of households with bathrooms 51 Table 23 Total number of households with domestic water tanks 52 Table 24 Number of households guaranteed Clean 52 Table 25 Current status and environmental criterion number 17 in the new countryside 2011 53 Table 26 Current status and environmental criterion number 17 in the new countryside 2020 54 Table 27 Results of interviews with local people 56 LIST OF FIGURE Figure Organization chart of the new rural management apparatus from province to village 27 Figure Map of Duong Quang commune 31 Figure Map of Nong Thuong commune 32 Figure Women in Nong Thuong commune clean village roads and alleys 46 Figure Officials and people organize the distribution and cleaning of village roads 46 Figure Waste incinerator in Na Ban commune – Nong Thuong 48 Figure Officials and people clearing sewage drains in residential areas 49 PART I INTRODUCE 1.1 Research institution The environment is a combination of natural and social factors surrounding a system or individual or thing Or more clearly, the environment is a collection of natural and man-made factors surrounding people, affecting life activities and affecting people such as water, air, humidity, human social organisms, and human beings In addition, it also provides natural resources such as soil, rock, ire, biological resources The environment is a place to store and assimilate human waste in the process of use and exploitation Resources after being exploited will be released into the environment as solids Over time these wastes are decomposed by physical, biological, and microbiological impacts and returned to serve humans As a place to store waste, but it also has limits; if exceeded, it will cause imbalance and environmental pollution In the trend of development and integration, as an agricultural country, Vietnam is very focused on developing and promoting agricultural investment In recent years, Vietnam has grown strongly in agriculture with many luxury points, such as the GDP growth rate of the whole industry exceeding 2.71%/year Total export turnover exceeded the target, many communes met new rural standards, and the total income of rural farmers was estimated at 43 million VND/person Besides the socioeconomic benefits that agriculture brings This activity also leads to the exploitation and destruction of forests or the reclamation and destruction of land, increasing rural environmental pollution, but many cities and provinces have not developed sustainably Although it is a renewable resource, it is also necessary to have reasonable management measures and solutions to minimize the impact on the environment Bac Kan is a difficult province located in the northeast; communes and districts mainly rely on agriculture for economic development and development In recent years, Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes have risen up in agricultural development and reached new rural standards, bringing many economic benefits as well as jobs for local people, contributing to promoting the development of rural areas Local economic development Besides the benefits of economic development and employment for Bac Kan province, these two communes still maintain their responsibility to protect the village/commune environment based on sustainable development in agriculture Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and learn from experience on environmental management in new rural development in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes Stemming from the above fact, and with the enthusiastic guidance of teachers, I have carried out the topic "Report on assessment and experience of environmental management in new rural development in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communess in Bac Kan city, Bac Kan province’’ order to still apply theoretical knowledge in practice To draw lessons from experience and propose management methods in environmental management in new rural development 1.2 Research subjects - Determining the rural environment in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes - Assessment of environmental status upon completion of new rural areas in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong - Propose solutions to improve the efficiency of environmental management and contribute to environmental protection About livestock households with stables to ensure environmental hygiene In the area of the two communes, there are mainly small livestock households without largely concentrated livestock establishments; 430/435 livestock households all meet the requirements of being separated from the living place , the treatment of waste is ensured in accordance with regulations on environmental protection in livestock The rate of communes reached 90.86%, ensuring compliance with environmental protection regulations out of 100% Table 20 Number of households meeting barn standards Number of eligible Total number of households households Nong Thuong 75 80 Duong Quang 355 355 Total 430 435 Location Households have latrines, bathrooms, and water tanks that are hygienic and clean The number of households in the two communes reached 84.57%, specifically in Nong Thuong reached 86.48%, and Duong Quang, 82.61%, met the requirements for hygienic latrines Table 21 Total number of households with water consumption Number of eligible Total number households of households Nong Thuong 755 873 Duong Quang 703 851 Total 1.458 1.724 Location 50 The total number of households in the two communes reaching 100% (1,724/1,724) all have a bathroom, but only about 1,508 (87.47%) are meeting hygienic standards, specifically in Nong Thuong commune reaching 91.52% and Duong Quang commune reaching 91.52% 83.31%, households ensure conditions such as A discreet bathroom with a wall, a roof, wastewater is treated and discharged in the right place Specifically, the data in the two communes are as follows: Table 22 Total number of households with bathrooms Number of eligible Total number households of households Nong Thuong 799 873 Duong Quang 709 851 Total 1.508 1.724 Location Regarding domestic water tanks of households in the two communes is 1,724 (reaching 100%) of which the number of households having hygienic cisterns is 1,498 (reaching 86.89%), ensuring conditions such as: large enough to meet the needs of use; use materials for storage tanks/containers that not contain harmful ingredients that affect the health of users and are suitable to the characteristics of each region and region.; Water tanks are built of brick or concrete; tools for storing domestic water made of stainless steel, plastic; Tanks and tools for storing domestic water must have tight lids to prevent other contaminants from entering or mosquitoes to lay eggs; For large tanks, it is necessary to have water intake valves, sludge discharge valves, and overflow 51 valves; Clean storage tanks and jars before storing water and once every three months; If the water container is contaminated, it should be replaced immediately after the water has receded with Chloramine B or lime chloride Specifically, the data in the two communes are as follows: Table 23 Total number of households with domestic water tanks Number of eligible Total number households of households Nong Thuong 799 (91,52%) 873 Duong Quang 699 (82,1%) 851 Total 1.498 1.724 Location About the percentage of households that ensure three clean: Clean house, clean kitchen, clean alley according to the content of the campaign "Building a family of no, three clean" launched by the Central Vietnam Women's Union Table 24 Number of households guaranteed Clean Number of eligible Total number of households households Nong Thuong 799 ( 91.52%) 873 Duong Quang 700 (82,3%) 851 Total 1.499 (86,94%) 1.724 Location 52 Environmental status and spending results of criterion 17 in two communes Nong Thuong and Duong Quang In 2011 Table 25 Current status and environmental criterion number 17 in the new countryside 2011 Environmental status and criteria Content of Criterion No 17 Percentage of households using hygienic and clean water according to regulations Duong Quang Nong Thuong 90% hygienic water 90% hygienic water 40% 100% Not reached Not reached Not reached Not reached Not reached Not reached Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Percentage of aquaculture production and business establishments and craft villages meeting regulations on environmental protection Building landscape, green - clean beautiful environment Burial in accordance with regulations and according to the plan Solid waste in the area and wastewater in concentrated residential areas, production, and business establishments shall be collected and treated according to regulations Percentage of households that have latrines, baths, and water storage tanks that are hygienic and guaranteed to be clean Percentage of livestock households with livestock barns that ensure environmental hygiene Percentage of households and food production and business establishments that comply with regulations on ensuring food safety 53 Table 26 Current status and environmental criterion number 17 in the new countryside 2020 Environmental status and criteria Content of Criterion No 17 Duong Quang Percentage of households using hygienic and clean water according to regulations 55.95% clean water according to regulations Percentage of production and 100% hygienic water; 55.95% clean water according to regulations aquaculture business establishments and craft villages meeting 100% hygienic water; Nong Thuong regulations 100% 100% Standards Standards Standards Standards Standards Standards 82% 88% 100% 93,75% 100% 100% on environmental protection Building landscape, green - clean beautiful environment Burial in accordance with regulations and according to the plan Solid waste in the area and wastewater in concentrated residential areas, production, and business establishments shall be collected and treated according to regulations Percentage of households that have latrines, baths, and water storage tanks that are hygienic and guaranteed to be clean Percentage of livestock households with livestock barns that ensure environmental hygiene Percentage of households and food production and business establishments that comply with regulations on ensuring food safety 54 Through the aggregated data of reports and the results obtained through interviews, it can be seen that the current state of the environment and indicators of environment and food safety of two communes Nong Thuong and Duong Quang, have changed significantly Actively after completing the new rural commune The current state of the environment in 2011 still has many weaknesses and shortcomings, as shown in Table 26 But by 2020, when the new rural construction is completed, the results in Table 27 show that the quality of The environment is more improved; both Nong Thuong and Duong Quang communes have well implemented the contents and criteria of the National Target Program on building new rural areas in general and the goal of implementing criterion 17 on the environment and food safety in particular Through the survey and assessment, the satisfaction rate of people with environmental criteria reached a high rate of over 93% (Duong Quang commune reached 95.5%, Nong Thuong commune reached 93%) The assessment can see that the contents of criterion 17 are well completed, no violations of environmental protection are detected in the development and construction of new rural areas 55 Results of a survey of people on the environmental situation in two communes Table 27 Results of interviews with local people Nong Thuong No Evaluation Criteria Good Normal Duong Quang Not good Good Normal Percentage of households using 90% 90% 100% 100% 100% 100% regulations and according to the 100% 100% hygienic and clean water according to regulations Percentage of production - business establishments, aquaculture, craft villages meeting regulations on environmental protection Building landscape, green - clean beautiful, safe environment Burial in accordance with plan Solid waste wastewater in the in area and concentrated residential areas, production, and 100% 100% latrines, bathrooms, and clean water 100% 100% business establishments shall be collected and treated according to regulations Percentage of households with tanks Percentage of livestock households with livestock barns that ensure 100% 100% 100% 100% environmental hygiene Percentage of households and food production and business establishments that comply with regulations on ensuring food safety 56 Not good Discuss: When completing the contents of criterion No 17 on environmental protection in new rural development in two communes Nong Thuong and Duong Quang, were completed well according to the given contents, but besides that, many inadequacies and difficulties in environmental protection and new rural construction development Specifically, it is possible to give recommended solutions in environmental protection and new rural construction as follows: • The conventions and conventions on the contents of the criteria should be made clear and specific in terms of time and frequency • It is necessary to raise people's awareness about environmental protection, strictly comply with the contents of criterion 17, especially households far from the center of the commune • Strengthening the management of environmental issues in the two communes • Open training courses to improve environmental protection management for staff in environmental departments in new rural construction • Listen to people's opinions, issues as well as pressing concerns of people about environmental issues, to quickly solve and offer reasonable solutions • Periodically survey people in the two communes to easily grasp environmental changes • Detailed instructions for people to strictly follow regulations in the collection, transportation, and treatment of solid waste, packaging of pesticides and medical waste • Regular maintenance of environmental protection measures 57 • Proposing and editing the contents in criterion 17 to be appropriate, calculated, and scientific for each locality and commune, each issue Lessons Learned • Protecting the new rural environment is a way for people to have a clean and healthy life, as well as the living environment through which economic and social improvement can be achieved Therefore, it is necessary to well the propaganda, advocacy, and explanation for the people to clearly understand the issue of environmental protection and build the rural environment in a sustainable way Everything the people do, know and enjoy, through which people trust and actively participate in measures and environmental protection • Promote and inherit and sustainably develop the achieved content, supplement, amend, upgrade and propose to edit in a scientific and calculated manner about the contents in criterion 17 on environmental issues rural school • Praise and reward households or production households that perform well in complying with environmental regulations and protecting the environment • Regularly check and evaluate environmental records and facilities of production and business establishments to grasp the status As well as grasping the thoughts and wishes of the people to be ready to take reasonable measures • The People's Committees of districts and communes have improved their management methods and given new and specific solutions to rural environmental problems Improve the qualifications of each individual staff • Actively participate in sightseeing activities, learning, and exchanging experiences between localities to build new models according to each criterion 58 PART V: CONCLUSION Environmental protection in new rural construction is an important issue because it improves people's living environment, popularizes knowledge about the importance of the environment in life and production, in addition The protection of the rural environment also brings a better quality of life to the people Thereby improving income as well as social and community development New rural construction activities, in addition to the goal of socio-economic development, also aim at building a rural area with a green, clean and beautiful environment, aiming at environmental protection as well as sustainable development In the two communes of Duong Quang and Nong Thuong, criteria 17 are well implemented and specific, through which the people's quality of life is improved, environmental problems are solved and thrive People in the two communes are more aware of sustainable development and protection of the rural environment towards a green and healthy rural life Rural environmental issues are of great concern and are one of the key points in the construction and development of agriculture in the province and related agencies in general and in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes Generally speaking Through the survey of the data of the people of the two communes, we can see that all households have determined that the implementation of the contents of criterion 17 brings about an improvement in the quality of the rural environment, thereby improving the quality of the rural environment get a life and have a green and healthy rural life 59 REFERENCE Environmental criteria in the new rural construction program: http://moitruong.nongthonmoi.gov.vn/Pages/tieu-chi-moi-truong-trongchuong-trinh-xay-dung-nong-thon-moi.aspx Decision No 1980/QD-TTG:https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Van-hoa-Xahoi/Quyet-dinh-1980-QD-TTg-bo-tieu-chi-quoc-gia-xa-nong-thon-moi-20162020-325989.aspx#_ftn3 Decision No 34/2019/QD-UBND dated December 25, 2019, of the People's Committee of Bac Kan province: http://tnmt.backan.gov.vn/index.php?language=vi&nv=laws&op=Moitruong/Quyet-dinh-so-34-2019-QD-UBND-ngay-25-12-2019-cua-UBND-tinhBac-Kan-Ban-hanh-Quy-dinh-ve-quan-ly-su-dung-va-khai-thac-cac-cong-trinhcap-nuoc-sinh-hoat-nong-thon-tap-trung-tren-dia-ban-tinh-Bac-Kan Decision No 2728/QD-BTNMT dated October 31, 2019, of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Bac Kan province: http://tnmt.backan.gov.vn/index.php?language=vi&nv=laws&op=Moitruong/Quyet-dinh-so-2728-QD-BTNMT-ngay-31-10-2019-cua-Bo-Tainguyen-va-Moi-truong-Ban-hanh-Bo-chi-so-danh-gia-ket-qua-bao-ve-moitruong-cua-cac-tinh-thanh-pho-truc-thuoc-Trung-uong The web portal of the national target program on new rural construction: http://nongthonmoi.gov.vn/Pages/gioi-thieu.aspx QCVN 02: 2009/BYT: http://www.gree-vn.com/pdf/QCVN%2002-2009BYT%20chat%20luong%20nuoc%20sinh%20hoat.pdf 60 National technical regulation QCVN 02-32-2:2020/BNNPTNT on Aquaculture environmental treatment products: https://tongcucthuysan.gov.vn/vi-vn/th%C3%B4ng-tin-h%E1%BB%AFu%C3%ADch/ti%C3%AAu-chu%E1%BA%A9n-quy-chu%E1%BA%A9n/doctin/014492/2020-04-30/quy-chuan-ky-thuat-quoc-gia-qcvn-02-32-22020bnnptntve-san-pham-xu-ly-moi-truong-nuoi-trong-thuy-san-phan-2-hon-hop-khoangpremix-khoang-hon-hop-vitamin-premix-vitamin National technical regulation on livestock wastewater: https://tailieuhoinghi.monre.gov.vn/Data/files/Duthao%20QCVN%20nuoc%2 0thai%20chan%20nuoi.pdf 61 APPENDICES CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập – Tự - Hạnh Phúc SURVEY (For local people) “Assessment of environmental status upon completion of new rural areas in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes” General information Name of person being interviewed :……………… The age :… Male  Female  Address:………………………………………………………………………… Job:…………………………………………………………………… Interview date:………………………………………………………………… Content Question 1: In your opinion, what is the current state of the environment like?  Pollution  Normal  Very good Question 2: How you see the current state of rural environmental management?  Good  Normal  Not good Question 3: Is the quality of the environment improved compared to before?  Yes  No Question 4: What is the quality of the implementation of criterion 17 in your area?  Good  Normal  Not good 62 Question 5: In your opinion, in which areas you think wastewater and solid waste are discharged the most and are the most polluted: …………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………… ………………………………………… Question 6: Does the commune/district People's Committee propagate environmental protection?  Yes  No If so, by what means of communication?  Leaflets  Radio station  Propagate  Another form Question 7: Please give your suggestions for better environmental protection and management according to indicator 17 on the issue of rural environmental protection: …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………… ……………………………………………………… Thank you very much for your help! Interviewees Counterpicks 63 64