(Luận văn thạc sĩ) assessment of the current environmental status in thanh hoa city, thanh hoa province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN AN PHI TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS IN THANH HOA CITY, THANH HOA PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental science and management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : K48 Thai Nguyen, 2020 ACKNOWLEDEMENT To graduate and finish the studying and training process following Ho Chi Minh's ethical example at the University of Agriculture and Forestry in the past years, students need to equip the theoretical knowledge that has been learned in the University environment and knowledge practical Therefore, the graduation internship is the final stage to help students accumulate more practical knowledge and create a prerequisite experience for future work In order to grasp the theoretical basis, how to apply it in practice, and working methods Stemming from practical training requirements, with the consent of the Board of Directors of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the Advanced Program Office, and the teacher-supervisor Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai, I was deployed the topic: "Assessment the current environmental status in Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province" To complete the internship and graduation thesis, I received the enthusiastic guidance of teacher Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai and the assistance of Thanh Hoa City People's Committee, Thanh Hoa Province I would like to express my deep gratitude for the dedicated guidance of the teacher Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai and teachers and staff of the Faculty of Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry I would like to thank Thanh Hoa City People's Committee, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, friends, and family members for all their help, creating conditions for me to perform well during the experience accumulation process During the process of practicing and completing the assigned topic, there are many difficulties about the epidemic and my limited capacity, but I have tried to overcome it so that I can complete the best according to my ability We hope to receive comments from teachers and friends to make your topic more complete I am extremely grateful! ii PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationable 1.1.1 Overview of Thanh Hoa City Thanh Hoa city is a large and long-standing city on both sides of the Ma River, located in the old Dong Son cultural area and the main North-South road traffic axis, so this place is the hub for the development of cultural, economics, political, and technology of Thanh Hoa province The geographical location is classified as favorable when it is only 16 km east of Sam Son beach, with National Highway 1A running through (the arterial traffic route connecting the North to the South of the country), far from Laos 135km west Therefore, Thanh Hoa City plays a role as a place of economic and cultural intersection between the North-central region with Laos and the Central-South provinces The advantage of the Ma River is that it is a waterway connecting with the estuary, affecting the circulation and production of goods is not small In terms of landscapes, Thanh Hoa city has more than 50 national-level historic sites which are planned, creating conditions for the development of the third economic sector in combination with large human resources and high professional qualifications cultural integration of Vietnam with the international Regarding population and social development, there are a total of 20 wards and 17 communes, with a population of 406,550 people on an area of 146.77 km² To be planned and invested in urban infrastructure, works of electricity, water, post and telecommunications, and urban traffic relatively synchronous, meeting all citizens' needs Regarding infrastructure investment, in order to catch up with the trend of urban development, Thanh Hoa city has received investment from domestic and foreign capital sources in the construction projects of industrial parks and urban areas market A typical example is the Dong Huong urban area project, Thanh Hoa city with a huge investment capital of 1215 billion VND, which was auctioned and deployed from September 26, 2019 (Tran Lam.2020) 1.1.2 The importance of the thesis The above preliminary figures show the stature and rapid growth of Grade I cities such as Thanh Hoa city in terms of population, industrial economy, and services (Thanh Hoa city portal) However, the consequences always entail significant environmental impacts such as the problems of the soil environment, water resources, terrestrial ecosystems - underwater, and air Damaged environmental status due to human activities is a hot issue and prompt intervention is required to protect the environment Therefore, the first urgent thing given here is the need to collect environmental data, calculate the effects caused by each agent Then, based on the results of the environmental data survey to make an environmental quality assessment to build recommendations and proposals to environmental authorities and agencies to overcome, and preventing environmental pollution at all levels 1.2 Research’s Objective There are main research objectives that the thesis mentions are: - Assessment the current environmental status (soil, water, air) of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province - Proposing some solutions for environmental management of Thanh Hoa city 1.3 Research’s question and hypothesis - Is the current land environment of Thanh Hoa city polluted? - What is the current state of water environment in Thanh Hoa city? - What is the current state of air environment in Thanh Hoa city ? - What is an effective solution for the current state of the polluted environment in Thanh Hoa city? 1.4 Limitations - The limitation of the topic is that the area of environmental impact assessment is too large, which will make the data lose its objectivity in some areas that not have the conditions to survey From there, giving the reasonable solutions to solve environmental problems for each area as thoroughly as possible - Natural disasters, storms, floods and droughts are also issues that affect environmental developments It makes it difficult to monitor and evaluate changes in the current environmental status in the next stage Because natural disasters can increase the consequences of environmental pollution on a large scale PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The scientific basis of the thesis: 2.1.1 Theoretical basis Based on the fundamental theories of the environment, the research topic is built to make the assessment and analysis of the current environmental situation to predict environmental change risks in the future Thereby offering ways to overcome, limit and prevent consequences of environmental degradation occurring throughout the study area The fundamental theories: - Environment is a system of natural and man-made physical factors that affect the existence and development of humans and organisms (Law on Environment Protection,2014) - Environmental protection is an activity to preserve, prevent, and limit negative impacts on the environment; respond to environmental incidents; overcoming pollution, degradation, improving and restoring the environment; rational exploitation and use of natural resources to maintain a healthy environment (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Environmental composition is the physical element that makes up the environment, including soil, water, air, sound, light, organisms and other material forms (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Environmental technical regulation: is the limit of parameters on the quality of the surrounding environment, the content of pollutants contained in the waste, technical and managerial requirements that are approved by state agencies have the authority to issue in the form of compulsory documents applicable to environmental protection (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Environmental standards: The limit of parameters of the quality of the surrounding environment, the content of pollutants contained in the waste, technical and managerial requirements that are issued by state agencies and organizations announced in the form of voluntary documents applying to protect the environment (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Sustainable development is development that meets current needs without harming the future generations' ability to satisfy that demand on the basis of a close and harmonious combination between economic growth ensuring social progress and protecting the environment (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Environmental pollution is the change of environmental components that are inconsistent with technical regulations and environmental standards that adversely affect humans and organisms (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - An environmental incident is an incident that occurs during human activities or natural changes, causing pollution, degradation or serious environmental change (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Pollutants are chemical substances, physical and biological factors when appearing in the environment higher than the permitted threshold, making the environment polluted (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Waste is material discharged from production, business, service, daily life or other activities (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Hazardous waste is the waste containing toxic, radioactive, contagious, flammable, explosive, corrosive, poisoning or has other hazardous properties (Law on Environment Protection,2014) - Waste management is the process of preventing, minimizing, monitoring, classifying, collecting, transporting, reusing, recycling and treating waste (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Scrap means a material that is recovered, classified, selected from materials or products that have been removed from the production or consumption process to be used as raw materials for another production process (Bao environmental protection,2014) - The load capacity of the environment is the tolerance limit of the environment to the impact factors so that the environment can self-recover (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Environmental monitoring is a process of systematic monitoring of environmental components and factors affecting the environment to provide information to assess the current state, changes in environmental quality and negative impacts environment (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Environmental information means data and data on the environment in the form of symbols, letters, numbers, images, sounds or similar (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Strategic environmental assessment is the analysis and prediction of environmental impacts of development strategies, plans and plans to provide solutions to minimize adverse environmental impacts, as a foundation and integrated in development strategy, planning and plan to ensure sustainable development (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) - Environmental impact assessment is the analysis and prediction of environmental impacts of a specific investment project to take measures to protect the environment when implementing that project (Law on Environmental Protection,2014) Above are the theoretical foundations for developing topics in the field of environmental protection 2.1.2 Scientific basis of the thesis The cause of environmental pollution is due to the impact of two factors, natural and human impacts, altering the environmental composition, deviation from the scientific standards and regulations issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment • Natural factors causing environmental pollution: - Soil pollutions: Soils salinity contain NaCl and Na2SO4 due to sea level rise Acid sulphate soil has Fe2+, Al3+, SO42-, and PH