Assessment of the current environmental status in thanh hoa city, thanh hoa province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN AN PHI TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS IN THANH HOA CITY, THANH HOA PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental science and management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : K48 Thai Nguyen, 2020 ACADEMIC STAFF CONTACT AND BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name NGUYỄN AN PHI Student ID DTN1654290011 Thesis Title ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS IN THANH HOA CITY, THANH HOA Supervisor (s) NGUYỄN THANH HẢI PROVINCE Supervisor’s Signature Thanh Hoa city is a big city with a long history of development, with Abstract: great potential for socio-economic development However, the risk of environmental pollution arising in the process of urbanization, industrialization, and modernization of the city is also an inevitable problem Identifying the main cause of the bad environmental change here is often due to the dense urban population, dense traffic activity, gathering many industrial zones such as Le Mon, Hoang Long, Northwest Station Therefore, the monitoring and assessment of the current environmental status to capture timely information, to build a data system on the current state and developments of the city's environmental components, to make forecasts on environmental development to help prevent environmental disasters is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed The following report collects environmental data of key areas subject to great human impacts and inherits data from the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Thanh Hoa City in 2020 Then, make data tables and charts to monitor environmental developments through periodic environmental surveys Give comments on the current environmental status in Thanh Hoa city The content of the report includes environmental indicators on soil, continental surface water, and air, important issues most affected Finally, making conclusions about the current environmental situation and proposing ways to handle and prevent bad changes in the environment in Thanh Hoa city Keywords Number of pages 67 Date of submission i ACKNOWLEDEMENT To graduate and finish the studying and training process following Ho Chi Minh's ethical example at the University of Agriculture and Forestry in the past years, students need to equip the theoretical knowledge that has been learned in the University environment and knowledge practical Therefore, the graduation internship is the final stage to help students accumulate more practical knowledge and create a prerequisite experience for future work In order to grasp the theoretical basis, how to apply it in practice, and working methods Stemming from practical training requirements, with the consent of the Board of Directors of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the Advanced Program Office, and the teacher-supervisor Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai, I was deployed the topic: "Assessment the current environmental status in Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province" To complete the internship and graduation thesis, I received the enthusiastic guidance of teacher Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai and the assistance of Thanh Hoa City People's Committee, Thanh Hoa Province I would like to express my deep gratitude for the dedicated guidance of the teacher Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai and teachers and staff of the Faculty of Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry I would like to thank Thanh Hoa City People's Committee, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, friends, and family members for all their help, creating conditions for me to perform well during the experience accumulation process During the process of practicing and completing the assigned topic, there are many difficulties about the epidemic and my limited capacity, but I have tried to overcome it so that I can complete the best according to my ability We hope to receive comments from teachers and friends to make your topic more complete I am extremely grateful! ii TABLE OF CONTENT Acknowledement ii TABLE OF CONTENT iii LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationable .1 1.1.1 Overview of Thanh Hoa City .1 1.1.2 The importance of the thesis 1.2 Research’s Objective .2 1.3 Research’s question and hypothesis 1.4 Limitations PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The scientific basis of the thesis: 2.1.1 Theoretical basis .4 2.1.2 Scientific basis of the topic 2.1.3 The legal basis of the topic 10 2.2 The practical basis of the topic 11 2.2.1 Current environmental status in Vietnam 11 2.2.2 Current Environmental Situation in Thanh Hoa Province: .15 PART III METHODS 19 3.1 Object and scope of the study .19 3.1.1 Research subjects: 19 3.1.2 Research scope: 19 3.2 Research method: 19 3.2.1 Methods, data collection investigation, secondary data: 19 3.1.2 Analytical sampling method: 20 3.1.3 Methods of data processing: 21 3.1.4 Comparative comparison method: 22 iii Part IV RESULTS 23 4.1 Overview of natural and socio-economic conditions of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province .23 4.1.1 Natural condition 23 4.1.2 Social and economic conditions: 25 4.2 Assessment of the environmental status of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province .29 4.2.1 Assessment of current land environment 29 4.2.1 Assess the current state of surface water: 36 4.3 Assessment of the current air-noise environment .45 Part V : DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 54 5.1 Discusstion 54 5.1.1 Overall assessment of the analyzed environmental data .54 5.1.2 Solution for the current environmental status in Thanh Hoa city .55 5.2 Conclusion 56 5.2.1 Conclusion on the current environmental status of Thanh Hoa city 56 5.2.2 Suggestions and recommendations .58 Reference 60 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.14 Administrative map of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province 23 Figure 4.1 Diagram of environmental changes in agricultural land in Quang Hung ward 31 Figure 4.2 Diagram of environmental changes in agricultural land in Dong Hai ward 33 Figure 4.3 Diagram of environmental changes in agricultural land in Quang Thang ward 35 Figure 4.5 Diagram of development in the water environment at Dong Huong suspension bridge, Dong Huong ward 39 Figure 4.6 Diagram of development in the water environment at the North canal of Mat Son mountain, Quang Thang ward 41 Figure 4.7 Diagram of development in water environment at Cong An lake, Ba Dinh ward 43 Figure 4.8 Diagram of development in the water environment at Truong Thi lake, Truong Thi ward 45 Figure 4.9 Diagram of development of the air environment in a residential area near Tay Bac Ga Industrial Park Station 46 Figure 4.10 Diagram of development of the air environment in the residential area near Hoang Long Industrial Park, Hoang Long Commune 48 Figure 4.11 Diagram of development of the air environment at Phu Son intersection, Phu Son ward .50 Figure 4.12 Diagram of development of the air environment at Nhoi confluence, An Hoach ward 51 Figure 4.13 Diagram of development of the air environment at Hong Duc School, Dong Son Ward 53 v LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Results of analyzing current agricultural land in Quang Hung ward 29 Table 4.2 Results of analyzing current agricultural land in Dong Hai ward 32 Table 4.3 Results of the analysis of the current agricultural land status of Quang Thang ward 34 Table 4.4 Results of the analysis of the current state of surface water at the Ba Giang crossroad, Thieu Duong commune 36 Figure 4.4 Diagram of development in the water environment at Giang junction, Thieu Duong commune .37 Table 4.5 Analysis results of the current state of surface water at Dong Huong suspension bridge 38 Table 4.6 Results of the analysis of the current state of surface water in the Bac Canal of Mat Son Mountain 40 Table 4.7 Results of the analysis of the current state of surface water in Cong An lake 42 Table 4.8 Analysis results of the current state of surface water at Truong Thi lake 44 Table 4.9 Results analyzing the current air condition in the residential area next to the Tay Bac Ga Station Industrial Park 46 Table 4.10 Results of analyzing the current air environment in Hoang Long commune 47 Table 4.12 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in An Hoach ward 49 Table 4.12 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in Nhoi junction, An Hoach ward .50 Table 4.13 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in Dong Son ward 52 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Ntotal : Total nitrogen Kdt : Easily digested potassium Pdt : Easily digestible phosphorus vii PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationable 1.1.1 Overview of Thanh Hoa City Thanh Hoa city is a large and long-standing city on both sides of the Ma River, located in the old Dong Son cultural area and the main North-South road traffic axis, so this place is the hub for the development of cultural, economics, political, and technology of Thanh Hoa province The geographical location is classified as favorable when it is only 16 km east of Sam Son beach, with National Highway 1A running through (the arterial traffic route connecting the North to the South of the country), far from Laos 135km west Therefore, Thanh Hoa City plays a role as a place of economic and cultural intersection between the North-central region with Laos and the Central-South provinces The advantage of the Ma River is that it is a waterway connecting with the estuary, affecting the circulation and production of goods is not small In terms of landscapes, Thanh Hoa city has more than 50 national-level historic sites which are planned, creating conditions for the development of the third economic sector in combination with large human resources and high professional qualifications cultural integration of Vietnam with the international Regarding population and social development, there are a total of 20 wards and 17 communes, with a population of 406,550 people on an area of 146.77 km² To be planned and invested in urban infrastructure, works of electricity, water, post and telecommunications, and urban traffic relatively synchronous, meeting all citizens' needs Regarding infrastructure investment, in order to catch up with the trend of urban development, Thanh Hoa city has received investment from domestic and foreign capital sources in the construction projects of industrial parks and urban areas market A typical example is the Dong Huong urban area project, Thanh Hoa city with a huge investment capital of 1215 billion VND, which was auctioned and deployed from September 26, 2019 (Tran Lam.2020) 1.1.2 The importance of the thesis The above preliminary figures show the stature and rapid growth of Grade I cities such as Thanh Hoa city in terms of population, industrial economy, and services (Thanh Hoa city portal) However, the consequences always entail significant environmental impacts such as the problems of the soil environment, water resources, terrestrial ecosystems - underwater, and air Damaged environmental status due to human activities is a hot issue and prompt intervention is required to protect the environment Therefore, the first urgent thing given here is the need to collect environmental data, calculate the effects caused by each agent Then, based on the results of the environmental data survey to make an environmental quality assessment to build recommendations and proposals to environmental authorities and agencies to overcome, and preventing environmental pollution at all levels 1.2 Research’s Objective There are main research objectives that the thesis mentions are: - Assessment the current environmental status (soil, water, air) of Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province - Proposing some solutions for environmental management of Thanh Hoa city 1.3 Research’s question and hypothesis - Is the current land environment of Thanh Hoa city polluted? - What is the current state of water environment in Thanh Hoa city? - What is the current state of air environment in Thanh Hoa city ? - What is an effective solution for the current state of the polluted environment in Thanh Hoa city? 1.4 Limitations - The limitation of the topic is that the area of environmental impact assessment is too large, which will make the data lose its objectivity in some areas that not have the conditions to survey From there, giving the reasonable solutions to solve environmental problems for each area as thoroughly as possible Variation of environmental results 400 350 Simulation index 300 250 200 150 100 50 PM10 TSP SO2 NO2 CO Noise Environment indicators Analysis results Phase (January) Analysis results Phase (March) Analysis results 3rd phase (May) Analysis results phase (July) Analysis results Phase (September) Analysis results QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Figure 4.10 Diagram of development of the air environment in the residential area near Hoang Long Industrial Park, Hoang Long Commune Comment: - PM10 dust content and noise level tend to increase slightly in the range below the permitted limit In contrast, TSP suspended dust always fluctuates irregularly and is above the standard - Indexes of gases SO2, NO2, CO tend to vary unevenly, many times lower than the standard c) Analyzing the current air environment at Phu Son intersection, Phu Son ward 48 Table 4.12 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in An Hoach ward QCVN Analysis results 05:2013/ BTNMT Number Index Units Phase Phase (January ) (March) Phase Phase (May) (July) Phase (September) PM10 μg/m3 81 82 89 106 140 150 TSP μg/m3 268 252 256 248 254 200 SO2 μg/m3 10.6 21.8 14.8 13.3 12.8 350 NO2 μg/m3 54.2 51.5 23.7 20.6 47.7 100 CO μg/m3 8655 4526 4860 6260 5400 30.000 71.6 71.6 71.8 63.8 75.1 70 Noise dBA (Source: Thanh Hoa City Department of Natural Resources and Environment) Comment: Similar to the above areas, the air quality in Phu Son ward also has a big problem with TSP suspended dust when the index of this indicator always exceeds the limit from 48 to 68 μg / m3 PM10 dust content only exceeded the standard in the 6th survey with the result of 152 μg / m3 The remaining parameters are SO 2, NO2, and CO whose index is below the permissible concentration limit The results of noise in the air here always exceed the permissible standards, only in the July survey, the new noise index is lower than the limit 49 Simulation index Variation of environmental results 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 PM10 TSP SO2 NO2 CO Noise Environmental indiators Analysis results Phase (January) Analysis results Phase (March) Analysis results 3rd phase (May) Analysis results phase (July) Analysis results Phase (September) Analysis results QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Figure 4.11 Diagram of development of the air environment at Phu Son intersection, Phu Son ward Comments: - PM10 dust content always increases according to air quality surveys TSP dust and noise here fluctuate unevenly and always exceed the limit set by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment - Gases such as SO2, NO2, CO tend to increase or decrease unevenly within the highest permissible limit of toxic gas d) Analysis of the current atmospheric environment at Nhoi junction, An Hoach ward Table 4.12 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in Nhoi junction, An Hoach ward QCVN 05:2013/ BTNMT Analysis results Num Index ber PM10 TSP SO2 NO2 CO Noise Unit μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 dBA Phase Phase (March (January ) ) 118 122 273 260 9.4 21 48.5 14.2 5421 4472 70 70.9 Phase (May) 120 262 17.4 35.6 5542 71.5 Phase Phase (July ) (September) 144 286 19.1 13.3 5800 62.6 120 280 15.0 49.4 4890 68.9 150 200 350 100 30.000 70 50 (Source: Thanh Hoa City Department of Natural Resources and Environment) Comment: The data table shows that the survey results of dust PM10, SO2, NO2, CO maintained at a stable level without much fluctuation and within the standards in Vietnamese standards TSP suspended dust concentration in An Hoach ward has a big difference when it exceeds the permitted limit from 1.3 to 1.43 times, the dust index fluctuates in the range of 260 to 286 μg / m3 The noise in the air exceeded the limit in the first three surveys and then fell slightly below the limit thereafter Simulation index Variation of environmental results 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 PM10 TSP SO2 NO2 CO Noise Environmental indicators Analysis results Phase (January) Analysis results Phase (March) Analysis results 3rd phase (May) Analysis results phase (July) Analysis results Phase (September) Analysis results QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Figure 4.12 Diagram of development of the air environment at Nhoi confluence, An Hoach ward Comment: The evolution of dust, noxious gas and noise levels in An Hoach ward have the same uneven change status according to the surveys Only TSP dust content and noise index always exceed the limits, the remaining indicators are at a safe level e) Analyzing the current air environment in the residential area near Hong Duc school, Dong Son ward 51 Table 4.13 Results of analyzing the current state of the air environment in Dong Son ward QCVN Analysis results Number Index 05:2013/ BTNMT Unit Phase Phase (January) (March) Phase Phase (May) (July) Phase (September) PM10 μg/m3 153 149 143 124 152 150 TSP μg/m3 260 256 248 210 230 200 SO2 μg/m3 13.2 108 16