Climate change awareness and environmental attitude of undergraduate students in the maritime academy of asia and the pacific

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY KRYZ IRENE MEGAN S QUINTO CLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN THE MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: Advanced Education Program Office Batch: 2018-2021 Thai Nguyen, 10/01/2022 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Kryz Irene Megan S Quinto Student ID DTN1754290030 Thesis Title Supervisor (s) Climate Change Awareness and Environmental Attitude of Undergraduate Students in the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific Assoc Prof Nguyen Thi Ha Asst Prof Edlynne Fabian-Perona C M Nestor B Quinto Supervisor’s Signature Abstract: The world currently faces environmental issues that affect human life, this includes climate change There are countries that are more vulnerable to the effect of climate change and this includes the Philippines Higher Education Institutions must train future professionals that will contribute in conserving the environment and thus, this study aimed to measure the climate change awareness and environmental attitude of undergraduate students in Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific which is located in the Philippines, along with the factors that potentially affect it and explore the correlation between the two variables The data was gathered through an online survey that was answered by the two undergraduate programs in the academy The students were considered to have generally high level of climate change awareness and attitude T-test and ANOVA revealed that the students’ awareness are different when they are grouped according to their demographics however, the same cannot be said for their attitude Spearman rank correlation found significant relationships between the sub-scales of the variables Although, they are interpreted to be very weak to modest correlations Further studies are recommended to clearly define the factors that affect the students' climate change awareness and environmental attitude and observe other variables that could be related ii awareness, attitude, undergraduate students, climate change, Keywords: environment Number of pages: 63 Date of Submission: 10/01/2022 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researcher would like to dedicate this achievement to the following people: first, to her parents who have cared and supported her all through her studies, and for being her emotional pillar She is grateful to her supervisors Assoc Prof Nguyen Thi Ha, Asst Prof Edlynne Fabian-Perona, and C.M Nestor B Quinto for their guidance and lessons they have taught her She would like to express special thanks to Ma Angelika G Eniceo for her constant encouragement and advices, Kimberly Anne A Bautista for her contributions to the study and all her other friends that have given their insights She would like to thank all her professors who have taught her the knowledge she needed to acquire in order to fulfill this goal She would also like to express her gratitude to the Advanced Educational Program staff and the University for leading the way especially, as an international student in a country far from home, they have helped in making her time at the university more comfortable Last but most definitely not the least, to the Almighty God who bestowed His blessings, constant guidance, comfort and assurance iv TABLE OF CONTENT List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research’s objectives 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses 1.4 Limitations PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Climate change management and maritime efforts 2.2 Awareness and attitude 2.3 Related studies 10 PART III OBJECTS AND METHODS 13 3.1 Objects 13 3.2 Methods 13 3.2.1 Samples 13 3.2.2 The research design and methodology 15 3.2.3 Data processing 15 PART IV RESULTS 17 v 4.1 Demographics 17 4.2 Level of Awareness and Attitude 21 4.3 Differences of the students’ Awareness and Attitude 23 4.4 The relationship between Awareness and Attitude 24 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 26 5.1 Discussion 26 5.2 Conclusion 31 REFERENCES 32 figures 37 tables 41 appendices 45 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Awareness Continuum Figure Percentage of US adults who say climate changes is a major threat 10 Figure Age of the Respondents 17 Figure Year level of the respondents (%) 17 Figure Major of the respondents (%) 18 Figure The type of high school the respondents attended (%) 18 Figure The monthly family income of the respondents 19 Figure Mother’s educational attainment 19 Figure Father’s educational attainment 20 Figure 10 Mother’s occupation 20 Figure 11 Father’s occupation 21 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Level of Awareness 21 Table 2: Level of Attitude 22 Table 3: Awareness according to groups 23 Table 4: Attitude according to groups 24 Table 5: Spearman Rank Correlation 25 Table 6: The strength of a correlation 30 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CHEAKS – Children’s Environmental Attitude and Knowledge Scale EEDI– Energy Efficiency Design Index GDP – Gross Domestic Product GHG – Greenhouse Gases HEI – Higher Educational Institution HPA – High Personal Awareness IMO – International Maritime Organization LPA – Low Personal Awareness MAAP – Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific MARPOL – The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships PhP– Philippine Peso PIDS – The Philippine Institute for Development Studies SDGs – Sustainable Development Goals SEEMP – Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan UNFCCC – UN Framework Convention on Climate Change PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale Climate change is one of the factors that complicate sustainable food and nutrition security and is found to alter micronutrient availability in some parts of the world more than others (Nelson et al., 2018) According to Shanyal & Shuvo (2020) coastal hazards due to climate change that are mostly reported in Asian Countries are: sea-level rise, cyclonic disturbances with strong winds/gusts, water surges, salinity intrusion in soil and water, coastal erosion, rise in sea surface temperature and coral bleaching Philippines ranked third as the most vulnerable country to climate change and its impact on the country tremendous, i.e Yearly GDP loss, changes in rainfall patterns and distribution, droughts, threats to biodiversity and food security, public, sea-level rise, public health risks, and risks for the vulnerable groups (NICCDIES, 2020) In the country, climate change have created super typhoons with increasing magnitude although, some impacts are also caused by maldevelopment practices and misuse of local resources (Holden, Nadeau and Porio, 2017) Cultivating knowledge about the significance of the environment is the initial step for an environmental-friendly community (Ramadhan, Sukma and Indriyani, 2019) Through knowledge and awareness, positive values and attitudes form and change people’s way of living (Kwan & Stimpson, 2003; Ramadhan et al., 2019) Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are responsible for training professionals Table 11 Spearman Rank Correlation Environmental Environmental towards Consciousness recycling and behavior Attitude towards Sub-scales awareness Attitude recovery ρ=0.116 ρ=0.236** ρ=0.157* ρ=0.197* sig.=0.145 sig.=0.003 sig.=0.048 sig.=0.013 ρ =0.070 ρ =-0.057 ρ =-0.076 ρ =-0.151 sig.=0.382 sig.=0.473 sig.=0.339 sig.=0.057 ρ=0.198* ρ=0.362** ρ=0.086 ρ=0.115 sig.=0.012 sig.=