CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM 1 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO YÊN BÁI Trường THPT Mai Sơn BÁO CÁO SÁNG KIẾN CẤP CƠ SỞ (Lĩnh vực Tiếng Anh) Hướng dẫn học sinh luyện kỹ năng làm bài thi với câu hỏi về thà[.]
SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO YÊN BÁI Trường THPT Mai Sơn BÁO CÁO SÁNG KIẾN CẤP CƠ SỞ (Lĩnh vực: Tiếng Anh) Hướng dẫn học sinh luyện kỹ làm thi với câu hỏi thành ngữ Tác giả: Bùi Thị Hà Trình độ chun mơn: Đại học Chức vụ: Giáo viên Đơn vị công tác: Trường THPT Mai Sơn Yên Bái, ngày 12 tháng 02 năm 2022 I THÔNG TIN CHUNG VỀ SÁNG KIẾN 1.Tên sáng kiến: Hướng dẫn học sinh luyện kỹ làm thi với câu hỏi thành ngữ Lĩnh vực áp dụng sáng kiến: Giáo dục tiếng Anh Phạm vi áp dụng sáng kiến: lớp 12B, 11D,11E,10A Thời gian áp dụng sáng kiến: Từ ngày 05 tháng năm 2020 đến ngày 22 tháng 12 năm 2021 5.Tác giả: Họ tên: Bùi Thị Hà Năm sinh:1985 Trình độ chuyên môn: Đại học Chức vụ công tác: Giáo viên Nơi làm việc: Trường THPT Mai Sơn Địa liên hệ: Tổ 10- TT Yên Thế- Lục Yên – Yên Bái Điện thoại: 0979683498 II MÔ TẢ GIẢI PHÁP SÁNG KIẾN Tình trạng giải pháp biết Ngày nay, Việt Nam với giới xích lại gần Việt Nam thành viên 63 tổ chức quốc tế có quan hệ với 650 tổ chức phi phủ giới Vậy nên, Tiếng Anh trở nên vô quan trọng cầu nối thiếu để Việt Nam sánh vai hòa nhập với cường quốc năm châu Trong thập kỷ, Tiếng Anh đưa vào dạy bắt buộc trường THCS THPT Ngồi ra, Tiếng Anh cịn ba mơn học bắt buộc kỳ thi trung học phổ thông quốc gia Các kỹ luyện tập phối hợp hình thức đa dạng giúp HS phát triển kỹ nghe - nói - đọc - viết, qua nâng cao lực sử dụng ngơn ngữ nói chung Thêm vào đó, nội dung kiến thức kỹ với cấp trung học phổ thông ( THPT ) yều cầu học sinh cần đạt trình độ B1 Tuy nhiên, sau số năm học Tiếng Anh Tiểu học năm học Tiếng Anh THCS, khả làm tập thi tuyển sinh cho thấy em chưa có kỹ làm để đạt điểm tốt Trong số nhiều dạng tập tập với nhóm câu hỏi thành ngữ, tục ngữ thách thức học sinh Đa số học sinh làm quen với dạng tập từ vựng, ngữ pháp, lại khơng thể tìm đáp án với câu hỏi thành ngữ Vậy lý dẫn đến tình trạng làm để tháo gỡ tình trạng đó? Đây vấn đề quan tâm lớp 10, lớp 11 hay lớp 12 mà vấn đề cần quan tâm nhiều cấp học, ngành học Trường THPT Mai Sơn vốn trường vùng miền núi cao với đa số học sinh đến từ xã vùng khó khăn huyện Lục Yên nên việc học ngoại ngữ trọng em gia đình cịn chưa phát triển kinh tế hiểu biết tầm quan trọng mơn tiếng Anh Đa số em tiếp xúc với môn học lớp mà khơng tìm hiểu thêm ngồi Xuất phát từ thực tế việc dạy Tiếng Anh tình trạng học sinh học Tiếng Anh vùng sâu, vùng núi, vùng đặc biệt khó khăn, nhiều năm trăn trở làm để giúp học sinh thông qua kiến thức từ vựng, ngữ pháp kỹ ngôn ngữ học lớp, em phát triển kỹ phân tích chọn đáp án cho kiểm tra thi Việc làm khơng phải chốc, lát giúp em thực mà phải trình, phải dần dần, từ luyện tập tự chọn, tập với phụ đạo buổi chiều Chính suy nghĩ tơi sâu nghiên cứu, tìm tịi “Hướng dẫn học sinh luyện kỹ làm với câu hỏi thành ngữ” đạt hiệu Trong đề tài này, sâu nghiên cứu lĩnh vực dạy học sinh kỹ phân tích dể tìm đáp án cho dạng câu hỏi thành ngữ tiếng Anh Đối tượng nghiên cứu: Học sinh trung học phổ thông Tôi viết đề tài với mục đích để trao đổi kinh nghiệm với đồng nghiệp việc làm để nâng cao hiệu cho vấn đề làm thi THPT quốc gia dạng câu hỏi thành ngữ Nội dung giải pháp đề nghị công nhận sáng kiến: Tiếng Anh ngôn ngữ quốc tế mà môn thi bắt buộc tất kỳ thi Tốt nghiệp Quốc gia.Tuy nhiên, đa số học sinh lại cho mơn học khó.Thật vậy, qua nhiều năm tham gia giảng dạy chương trình THPT, tơi nhận thấy đa số học sinh trường THPT có học lực yếu, mơn Tiếng Anh Ngun nhân em có suy nghĩ mơn Tiếng Anh ngơn ngữ nước ngồi, khó học, ngại học khơng có mơi trường tương tác Cho nên, việc làm kiểm tra điểm yếu kết tự nhiên Vậy câu hỏi hóc búa đặt cho hầu hết giáo viên dạy khối THPT cho học sinh có hứng thú với mơn học tự tin bước vào kỳ thi THPT quốc gia Chính ngun nhân mà tơi nghiên cứu để tìm mẹo để hướng dẫn học sinh có kỹ làm thi cho giảm tối đa chọn đáp án sai phán đốn tìm đáp án dạng câu hỏi thành ngữ Trong đề thi THPT quốc gia, câu hỏi thành ngữ câu hỏi vận dụng cao Tổng số câu với phần dao động từ câu tuỳ theo đề thi năm Để ôn luyện tốt phần ,ngoài kiến thức tổng hợp đầy đủ ngữ pháp từ vựng mẹo để phân tích tìm đáp án phần quan trọng không để vừa nhanh vừa xác thời gian có hạn Nó thường có nhóm câu hỏi từ vựng, câu hỏi đồng nghĩa, trái nghĩa CÂU HỎI TỪ VỰNG Ví dụ 1: (Mã đề 401, Đề thi năm 2018) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Question 5: With price increase on most necessities, many people have to tighten their belt for fear of getting into financial difficulties A Dress in loose clothes C spend money freely B Save on daily expenses D put on tighter belts Phân tích: Vì “tighten their belt” thành ngữ (thắt lưng buộc bụng)và sau cịn “financial difficulties” (khó khăn tài chính) nên (A )khơng phù hợp, ( B ) có “money” đúng, ( C ) , ( D ) khơng khơng phù hợp nghĩa Giữa đáp án B C, cần phân tích rõ câu hỏi tìm từ trái nghĩa nên đáp án ( C ) Ví dụ 2: ( Mã đề 407, Đề thi năm 2021) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions Question 1: When the visitor saw with her own eyes the beach covered with tons of plastic rubbish washed up from around the world, a chill went down her A mind B brain C spine D bone Phân tích: Vì “a chill went down her .” thành ngữ ( lạnh sống lưng) nên (A ) sai, ( B ) sai , ( C ) , ( D ) sai Đáp án ( C ) Ví dụ 3: (Mã đề 402, Đề thi năm 2020) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions Question 10: I can’t give chapter and , butto the best of my knowledge, it’s a line from a sonnet by William Shakespeare A verse B rhyme C note D scene Phân tích: Vì “chapter and ” thành ngữ ( nói có sách, mách có chứng) nên (A ) đúng, ( B ) sai, ( C ) sai, ( D ) sai Đáp án ( A ) Ví dụ 4: (Đề minh hoạ năm 2019) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Question 10: It’s quite disappoiting that some people still turn a blind eye to acts of injustice they witness in the street A Take no notice of C have no feeling for B Show respect for D pay attention to Phân tích: Vì “turn a blind eye to” thành ngữ ( nhắm mắt làm ngơ) (A ) ( C ) có “ no” đồng nghĩa, ( B ) (D) trái nghĩa, ( D ) có nghĩa quan tâm,chú ý đến Đáp án ( D ) Ngoài ra, hướng dẫn học sinh tơi cịn có số phân tích cách giao nhiệm vụ với đối tượng học sinh khác có nhiệm vụ khác GIẢI PHÁP CỤ THỂ NHƯ SAU: Giáo viên đưa tập cho chủ đề thành ngữ Các chủ đề tách nhỏ lồng vào buổi ôn tập theo chyên đề dễ có thẻ tiết học khố có chủ đề Exercise You have to understand the adjectives in the second column ( given meaning with the third column) then make sentences with these words Absent-minded Very forgetful 4 10 11 12 Big- headed Conceited, boastful, self- important Brainy Clever, intelligent, brilliant Cheeky Rude, disrespectful Hot- headed Get angry quickly, Nosy Inquisitive, curious about others Pig-headed Stubborn, unwilling to listen to advice Thick Stupid, unintelligent Thick- skinned Insensitive to criticism Tight- fisted Mean ( with money) Two- face Insincere, deceitful Well- off Rich, wealthy Adjective Meaning Example: I am an absent-minded ( hay quên)woman because I almost forget so many things Exercise 2: Ask students to design the questions with words like this: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Example : My father is absent-minded, so I don’t think he can remember who you are A forgetful B handsome C brilliant D helpful Với đối tượng học sinh trung bình, yêu cầu em hiểu ý nghĩa thành ngữ nhiều tốt em thể khuyến khích sau chỉnh sửa Ngược lại, học sinh khá, giỏi cần u cầu cao Đó ngồi hiểu thành ngữ, đặt câu thiết kế tập yêu cầu tập cịn khuyến khích em sử dụng thành ngữ đối thoại, nói viết CÁC BIỆN PHÁP GIẢI QUYẾT VẤN ĐỀ Section : Idioms using adjectives Describing people Exercise You have to understand the adjectives in the second column ( given meaning with the third column) then make sentences with these words Absent-minded Very forgetful Big- headed Conceited, boastful, self- important Brainy Clever, intelligent, brilliant cheeky Rude, disrespectful Hot- headed Get angry quickly, Nosy Inquisitive, curious about others Pig-headed Stubborn, unwilling to listen to advice Thick Stupid, unintelligent Thick- skinned Insensitive to criticism 10 Tight- fisted Mean ( with money) 11 12 Two- face Insincere, deceitful Well- off Rich, wealthy adjective Meaning Example: I am an absent-minded ( hay quên)woman because I almost forget so many things Exercise 2: Ask students to design the questions with words like this: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Example: My father is absent-minded, so I don’t think he can remember who you are A forgetful B handsome C brilliant D helpful Describing people sts Idoms Meaning Down – at- heel Dirty, poor, shabby, not well looked Heartless Cold and cruel Full of beans Very likely Hen- pecked Always being told what to by his wife Hot- blooded Very emotional, passionate Laid- back Very relaxed, not seem to be worried about something Light- fingered Dishonest, likely to steal thing Long in the tooth Old Skinny Very thin 10 Stuck up Proud, conceited, thinking you are the better than others 11 A bit thin on top Slightly bald 12 Wet behind the ears Young and inexperienced Example: People say that Vo Tac Thien was heartless Exercise 2: Ask students to design the questions with words like this: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Example 1: the head master in this school is wet behind the ears but very brainy A inexperienced B old C clever D friendly Describing moods, states and feelings Exercise 1: Fill in the missing idioms in the sentences below To help you there is an explanation of the missing idoms after each sentence Bedridden broke broken- hearted dead beat laid up peckish Down in the dumps hard of hearing ill at ease keyed up Off- colour on the dole scared stiff tongue-tied She was really down in the dumps when she didn’t get that job at the BBC She really sets her heart on it.( depressed, unhappy) He was very shy and always felt when meeting new people.( awkward and uneasy ) My uncle has been for nearly a year To be honest, I don’t think he’ll ever work again.( unemployed, out of work ) My aunt has been for years ( too weak to leave her bed) Although he was a great actor, he sometimes got very when speaking to his fans.( found it hard to speak easily) You haven’t got anything to eat, have you, Sue? I’m feeling a bit ! ( hungry ) Speak up! I’m a bit ! ( deaf) I’m at the moment, Kevin You couldn’t lend me 20$ until the weekend, could you? ( without money) Are you all right , James? You look bit ( unwell, ill) 10 My sister was when her boy friend finished with her ( very sad) 11 He was for a month aftr his car accident.( in bed) 12 After spending the whole day walking around the shops in London, we were (exhausted) 13 I always get a bit before making a speech in public.( worried and nervous ) 14 I’m of flying , especially taking off and landing ( terrified, really frightened ) Answer : Ill at ease peckish 10 broken- hearted On the dole hard of hearing 11 laid up Bedridden broke 12 dead beat Tongue-tied off colour 13.Keyed-up 14 scared stiff Describing things Fill in the missing idioms in the sentences below To help you there is an explanation of the missing idoms after each sentence Dog- eared eye- catching few and far between Fishy frosty hair- raising long- winded Second hand whole- hearted If your visits to the cinema are very few and far between, this means you don’t go there very often If something is a bit , then there is something not quite right about it If something is , it is very frightening If you give someone your support, this means you support them totally A welcome is a very unfriendly one If a speech is , it is usually boring and goes on for too long If you buy a car, this means that it is not new If a book is , the corners of the pageshave been folded down, usually because it has been read a lot An design is one that grabs your attention because it is attractive, unusual Answer: Fishy Hair- raising Whole- hearted 5.frosty Long- winded Second- hand 8.dog- eared Eye- catching Adjective + noun ( combination 1) Choose the ADJECTIVE ( A,B,OR C ) which best completes each sentence I really must go nd lie down for a while I’ve got a …………headache a cutting b splitting c ringing No wonder your car won’t start ! your batter’s …………… a.jammed b empty c flat My uncle’s always had a ………………spot for children He really likes them a.soft b kind c warm I had a …………… escape this morning when a car almost hit me as I was cycling to work a.near b narrow c close It’s a bit of a …………statement to say that all Welsh people can sing or all black people can dance I know lots who can’t either a sweeping b general c broad I didn’t like smoked salmon at first For me it was an ………… taste now I really love it a experienced b original c acquired I don’t think Simon will ever get married he told me he’s a …………bachelor a decided b confirmed c complete One of his ……… hates was people pushing in front of him at bus stops a.main b favourite c pet She had a very ……………tongue, and could be really sarcastic when she was angry a bitter b sharp c cutting 10 It was the first ……………meal the tramp had had for several days a compact b round c square 11 My son’s always getting into trouble for fighting at school I think that because he has such a …………….temper a.loud b quick c high 12 There’s an…………….law in this club that you never borrow money from a fellow member a.unspoken b understood c unwritten 13 “ what does inevitable mean?” “ I haven’t the ………idea Ask the teacher.” a foggiest b briefest c smallest 14 The result of the election was a …………… conclusion everyone knew which party would win a.obvious b ready c foregone 15 “ I don’t really want to be twenty-five again” she said to her husband, “ it was just ………….thinking.” a.hopeful b wishful c playful Answer : b b b 10 c 13 a c a c 11 b 14 c a c b 12 c 15 b Adjective + noun ( combination 2) Understand the following idoms then make sentences with these words sts idoms Meaning A backseat A passanger in the back of the car who gives driver the driver unwanted advice A big shot An important and influential person A blue-eyed boy A man who is liked and admired by someone in authority ( his boss) A dark horse A person who has greater capabilities than he shows or is aware of A fair- weather Someone who stops being your friend when friend you are having problems or dificulties A general Someone who has to all the jobs noone dogsbody wants to A live wire A very active and lively person An old hand An experienced person A marked man A person who is being watched by someone who wants to harm or kill them 10 A rough Someone who looks rather rude and unfriendly diamond but who is actually kind and generous 11 A smart aleck A person who annoys everyone by claiming to know everything 12 A wet blanket Boring person who tries to spoil other people’s fun Example : Donal Trump is a big shot to America and the world Adjective pairs Complete the paired idioms in the sentences below Choose from the following adjectives Alive dry dried early easy fast less low sound spick Square surely sweet thin tired void white worse For better or worse, the mobile phone is now a normal part of the people’s lives He drove slowly but …………… She was beaten fair and……… by her opponent in the first round at Wimbledon “ How is your father these days?” – “ still …………….and kicking He’s living in London now.” Oh, thank goodness you’re both safe and…………I was so worried about you They promised to stand by each other through thick and ………… He won’t believe anything unless he actually sees it in black and……… If we win next Saturday, we’ll be home and…….for a place in the next round of the Cup John is a farmer and has to get up bright and ……… every morning 10 The cotract was declared null and ……., as one of partners had forgotten to sign it 11 Could you wait- I’m more or ………….ready now 12 He lives a very free and ………life in the country 13 Natalia is sick and……….of hearing about how ‘ wonderful’ and ‘clever’ her neighbour’s children are! 14 The police have searched high and ……….for the missing teenager, Coni Brown , but they still haven’t found any trace of her 15 I’m afraid you’ll hve to wear a jacket , sir It’s a hard and……rule at the club 16 The lecturre was just how the students liked it- short and ………… 17 The result of tomorrow’s match is cut and …………., New Zealand is bound to win 18 Her flat was so ………….and span that it looks more like a wellkept museum than a home Answer: surely Square Alive sound Thin white dry early 10 void 11 less 12 easy 13 tired 14 low 15 fast 16 sweet 17 dried 18 Spick Section : idioms using nouns 8.Types of people Matching the following idioms with suitable sentences Sts Idioms meaning The apple of The person Someone loves most and is proud of someone’s eye A bighead Someone who is very conceited or boastful A blackleg Someone who continues to work when their fellow workers are on strike A busybody Someone who always wants to know about other people’s private lives 10 life and soul wear and tear hustle and bustle hand in glove flesh and blood 10 back to front 13 tooth and nail 14 head and shoulders 15 ups and downs 15.Idioms using give and take For each sentence in I find a suitable idiom from II Write your answers in the box I .1 She promised me she would it Dasy completely ignored me this morning when I said hello to him It was supposed to be a surprise party, but Sarah told to Thomas about it The shopkeeper chased two shoplifters, but they escaped The audience clapped loudly when the band appeared on stage Phere helped her neighbour with her son’s wedding preparations Jave telephoned his girl friend after work My brother lost his job last week His boss told him to leave after he had refused to work overtime II a They gave them a big hand b He gave him the sack c They gave him the slip d He gave her a bell e She gave me her word f She gave the game away g He gave me the cold shoulder h She gave her a hand Answer : e g f c a h d b 16.Idioms using at Fill in the missing words in the sentences below The words in brackets after each sentence should help you Choose from the following: at a loss at a pinch at a rough guess at a standstill at a stretch at death’s door at large at loggerheads at will at short notice at sixes and sevens at the crack of dawn at the drop of the hat at the eleventh hour at your wits’ end “ How many were there at the meeting last night?” “ I’m not sure exactly, but at the rough guess about 300.” ( approximately 300) Barbara and Gorden are always ………… I can’t imagine them ever getting married (quarrelling ) This morning newspaper headline read: Cold Blooded Murder Still……… ( free, not caught) You can’t expect me to work overtime…….such……………!( with such little advanced warning ) The worker went on strike…… ( suddenly and easily ) 18 Like you, I’m ….to explain the sudden fall in share prices I’ve absolutely no idea what can have caused it (unable to explain it ) New evidence proving he was innocent was uncovered…………( at the last possible moment before it is too late) I’ve got room in the car for three people, maybe four ………… (possibly four, but ith some difficulty ) A chameleon is a remarkable creature in that it is able to change the colour of its skin ………… ( when it wants to) 10.I maybe getting on a bit , but I’m certainly not …………yet! I hope to live for at least another ten to fifteen years! ( seriously ill; about to die ) 11.We got up ,,,,,,,, as we wanted to leave London before the traffic built up (very early ) 12.I’m afraid everyting’s ………… this week Both the secretaries are ill and noone knows where anything is (muddled, confused ) 13.Traffic was …… this morning because of an accident on the M25 ( not moving ) 14.When her daughter didn’t come home on the last bus, Mrs Lee was ……….( really worried, not knowing what to next) 15.The thing I on’t like about my present job is that we often have to work up to ten hours……… ( ten hours without stopping ) Answer : at a rough guess at a loss 11 at the crack of dawn at loggerheads at the eleventh hour 12 at sixes and sevens at large at a pinch 13 at a standstill at short notice at will 14 at your wits’ end at the drop of the 10 at death’s door 15 at a stretch hat 17 Idioms using by and for Rewrite the sentences below, replacing the words in bold type with a suitable idiom Choose from the following: by a hair’s breadth by chance by ear by heart by mistake by no means for good for kicks for love or money for short for the high jump for the time being The football holigans admitted to smashing shop windows just for the excitement it gave them The football holigans admitted to smashing shop windows just for kicks If taxes continue to rise I shall leave this country for ever ………………………………………………… Do you like my ring? I saw it quite unexpectedly in the window of an antique shop while I was shopping in the old town ………………………………………………… This piano was a present from my grandmother and I wouldn’t part it with 19 under any circumstances whatsoever ……………………………………………………… The government has decided to drop its plans to raise the school leaving age to eighteen – at least for the moment ………………………………………………………… His name was Benjamin, he was called Ben- the short form of his name ………………………………………………………… The car swerved to avoid a cyclist and just missed hitting a pedestrian ……………………………………………………………… Mr Wilson’s going to be punished He’s been caught fiddling the accounts ………………………………………………………… Probably the only really effective way of learning prepositions is to memorise them ……………………………………………………………………… 10 He can’t read a note of music – he plays everything from memory ……………………………………………………………… 11 It is not in the least uncommon for squirrels to bury nuts in the autumn ………………………………………………………………… 12.I was rushing this morning and accidentally put my jumper on back to front ………………………………………………… Answer : for kicks for the time being by heart for good for short 10 by ear by chance by a hair’s breadth 11 by no means for love or money for the high jump 12 by mistake 18.Idioms using vrious prepositions Choose the best idioms( a,b, or c) to complete the sentences below To help you, the meaning of the idiom is given in brackets after each sentence We must at all costs catch the 7.30 train Otherwise we won’t get to the meeting in time A at all costs B at best C at once ( Meaning: we must catch it without fail ) He wasn’t prepared for the questions, so he was forced to answer A on all fours B on the go C off the top of his head ( Meaning: without preparing beforehand; spotaneously ) Christmas decoration are nice, but my neighbours have really gone this year – their whole house is covered in flshing lights A over the moon B over the top C at half mast ( Meaning: they have done more than is necessary or suitable ) They say that when John Lemon first saw Yoko Ono it was a classic case of love A at first sight B for keeps C in a jiffy ( Meaning: it was love from the very moment they saw each other) 20