Li LUAN GIAO DUC DAY HOC GIAO DUG DAD DUG CACH MANG CHD SINH VIEN THEO TU TUONG HO CHI MINH T R O N G G I A I D O A N H I E N N A Y O ThS PHAN QUOC HUY* Sudt cuoc doi hoqt dqng each mang, Chu tich Hd[.]
L i L U A N G I A O DUC - DAY HOC GIAO DUG DAD DUG CACH MANG CHD SINH VIEN THEO TU TUONG HO CHI MINH T R O N G G I A I D O A N H I E N O S udt cuoc doi hoqt dqng each mang, Chu tich N A Y ThS PHAN QUOC HUY* de ndng cao nhdn thuc, de ndm bat khoa hoc kT thudt, nam vung chuyen mdn, nghiep vy Myc dich cua hpc tap td't cung nhdm de phung sy To qudc, phung sy nhdn ddn Trong bdi ndi chuyen tai budi le khai mac Trudng Dqi hoc nhdn ddn Viet Nam, Bde dd an can chi bdo: «Nhiem vy cua nien khdng phdi Id ddi hdi nude nhd dd cho minh nhung gi Md phdi ty hdi minh da Idm gi cho nude nhd? Minh phdi Idm the ndo cho ich nude lqi nhd nhieu hon?Minh dd vi lgi ich nude nhd md hi sinh phdn ddu chung ndo?" (3) Hieu vdi ddn, theo Ngudi, phdi GD cho nien, SV biet kinh trong, thuong yeu cha me, ddng thdi phai biet ket hqp nhuan nhuyen tinh yeu thuong cha me vdi tinh yeu thuong ngudi Tinh yeu thuang dd the hien d Hd Chi Minh bdng ham mudn tdt bde Id Idm cho ddt nuac duqc ddc lap, ddn duqc ty do, cung cd cam an, mac, cung duqc hoc hdnh Hieu vdi ddn Id phdi GD cho SV biet yeu men, quy trqng nhdn ddn, hoc tap, Idm viec, chien ddu vi nhdn ddn; Id «tuyetddi trung thdnh vdi Ddng, vdi nhdn ddn", cham lo bdo ve lqi ich chinh ddng cua nhdn ddn, tich cue giup dd nhdn ddn, phdi nghiem khdc ddu tranh c hdng chu nghTa cd nhdn nhu ty tu, ty lqi, ty kieu, ty man, chi tham viec gi cd danh tieng, coi khinh nhung cdng viec binh thudng Bdt ki d cuang vj ndo, bdt ki Idm cdng viec gi deu khdng sq khd, khdng sq khd, mdt long, mot dq phuc vy lqi ich chung cua giai cdp, cua nhdn ddn, nhdm myc dich xdy dyng chu nghTa xd hdi Ngudi chi rd: «DDCAi Id tuyet dd'i trung thdnh vdi each mgng, vdi nhdn ddn Quyet tdm sudt ddi ddu tranh cho Ddng, cho each mgng Dd Id dieu chu chd't nhdt" (4) Cd trung thdnh vd quyet tdm phdn ddu vi sy nghiep each mang cua Ddng, cua ddn tdc thi mdi dam dung cam hi sinh quen minh vi nghTa ldn, quyet tdm ren luyen minh theo le sdng cao cd vd tinh cam each mang Hd Chi Minh luon quan tam, cham lo giao due (GD) dao due cho the he tre, dqc biet Id nien, sinh vien (SV) de ddo tqo hq thdnh nhung cdng ddn tdt, cdn bq td't cho nude nhd Trong Di chuc, Ngudi cdn dan: «Boi dudng the he each mang cho ddi sau la mot cong viec rat quan trgng va can thiet" (1) Ngudi cung khdng dinh: Tuang lai cua ddn tqc, tien dd cua Td qudc vd sy thdng lqi, phdt trien cua each mang phdn ldn phy thudc vdo viec GD nien Mudn Idm tron su mang Id ngudi chu tuang lai cua ddt nude, SV Id nhung nien cd hoc thuc cao phdi ren luyen tinh than vd lyc luqng, «Dang can phdi cham lo GD dgo due each mgng (DDCM) cho hg, ddo tgo hg thdnh nhung ngudi ke thua xdy dung xd hdi chu nghTa vua hong vira chuyen" (2) GD DDCM cho SV theo Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, theo chung tdi, can tap trung vdo nhung npi dung sau: GD phdm chdt trung vai nude, hieu vdi ddn Day Id phdm chdt dao due quan trqng nhdt, bao trum nhdt cua mdi ngudi Phdm chdt dao due trung vdi nude, hieu vdi dan Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh khdng nhung ke thua gid tri cua chu nghTa yeu nude, truyen thdng cua ddn tdc md cdn vuqt qua nhung hqn che cua truyen thdng dd; cdi bien, ddi mdi thang bde gid trj cu thdnh chudn myc gid trj dao due mdi - DDCM d pham vi rdng ldn han Trung vdi nude, hieu vdi ddn theo Hd Chi Minh, trudc het phdi cd tinh than yeu nude ndng nan, phdn ddu hi sinh vi lqi ich cua qudc gia, cua ddn tdc, tuyet ddi trung thdnh vai Dang, vdi nhdn ddn, Idm cho «ddn giau, nude mgnh" Ddi vdi SV, trung vdi nude, hieu vdi dan Id phdi yeu Td qudc, yeu nhdn ddn Yeu To qudc, yeu nhdn ddn phdi duqc the hien bdng nhung viec Idm cy the, thiet thyc hpc tap, tu dudng vd moi hoqt ddng cua cudc sdng thudng ngdy Nhiem vy quan trqng hdng ddu cua SV Id hoc tap that tdt * Truong Dai hpc Vinh Tap chi Giao due so 253 (ki i -12011) GD phdm char cao quy: can, kiem, liem, chinh, chi cong vo tv Can, kiem, liem, chinh, chi cong vd tu duqc Hd Chi Minh phan tich cu the, can ke, d l hieu, de nha, de Idm theo Day Id phdm chd't gdn lien vdi cudc sdng hdng ngdy cua moi ngudi, duac the hien qua hoqt ddng thyc tiln Nhung phdm chdt dao due ndy khdng nhung can thiet ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam chien tranh, md cdng can han qud trinh xdy dyng ddt nude hien Theo Ngudi: - Can Id sieng ndng, cham chi, cd gdng, deo dai, viec gi khd may cung cd gdng Idm duqc Mudn can thi phdi cd ke hoach, phdn cdng dung ngudi, dung viec Can vd chuyen phdi di ddi vdi nhau; - Kiem Id tiet kiem: tiet kiem thai gian, sue lao ddng, tien cua cua nhdn ddn, nhd nude, cua bdn than Khdng phd truang, xa xi, hoang phi, nhung «Kiem khong co nghTa la bun xin, keo kiet ma co viec dang lam, viec ich lgi cho dong bao, cho To qudc thi du ton bao nhieu cdng, bao nhieu cua cung vui long" (5); - Liem Id ludn ton cua cdng, cua ddn, Id liem khie't, sach, khdng tham lam, vy lqi Khdng tham dja vj, danh tieng, tien bac, khdng ham ngudi tdng bd'c minh «Chu liem phdi di ddi vdi chu kiem, cung nhu chu kiem phdi di ddi vdi chu can" (6); - Chinh Id khdng td, Id thdng than, dung ddn moi quan he ddi vdi bdn than, vdi ngudi, vdi viec Dd'i vdi minh chd ty kieu, ty dqi; vdi ngudi phdi chan thdnh, khiem ton, that thd, doan ket; vdi cdng viec phdi trung thyc, tan Dd nhdn nhiem vy phdi cd gdng hoan thdnh vdi tinh than vd trdch nhiem cao; - Chi cdng vd tu\d mdt long vi nude, vi ddn, ludn ddt lqi ich cua Td qudc, cua nhdn ddn len tren lqi ich cd nhdn Trong can thiet biet hi sinh lqi ich cua bdn than vi lqi ich cua tap the, cua cdng ddng Hd Chi Minh khdng nhung bdn rdt sdu sdc ve: can, kiem, liem, chinh, chi cdng vd tu md chinh Ngudi Id mdt tdm guong mdu myc cho viec thyc hdnh nhung chudn myc dao due dy Sinh thdi, Bde sdng rdt gidn dj, chinh phong each gidn dj dy dd nhdn len tinh vT dqi nhdn each cua Bde Cd cudc ddi, Bde chi mdt long lo cho nude, cho ddn, Idm de nude nhd duqc ddc lap, nhdn ddn duac ty do, ddng bdo cung cd cam an, mdc, cung duqc hoc hdnh De hoc tap vd Idm theo tdm guang dao due Hd Chi Minh ve can, kiem, liem, chinh, chi cdng vd tu, SV hien phdi cd tinh than, thdi dp sieng ndng, cham chi hpc tap; cd ke hoach hpc Tap chi Giao due so (ki i i / a o i p tap chu ddo, khoa hpc theo tung mdn hpc, tung phdn, tung hpc ki SV phdi biet tiet kiem, tiet kiem sdeh vd, gidy but, tien bac vd nhdt Id thai gian; phai tranh thu tdi da thdi gian de hpc tap mdt each hieu qud, khdng de ldng phi thai gian Hd Chi Minh nhac nhd: «Cua cdi neu het cdn cd the Idm them Khi thdi gid da qua roi, khdng bao gid keo nd trd lqi dugc Cd keo lqi ngdy hdm qua dugc khdng?" (7) Do dd, SV phdi biet tiet kiem, khdng xa xi, hoang phi, phdi ludn giu minh sach Ngudi cdn cdn ddn: «Thanh nien can phdi chdng tdm li ty ti, ty lgi, chi lo cho lgi ich rieng cua minh Chdng tdm li ham sung sudng vd tranh khd nhqe Chdng thdi xem khinh lao ddng, nhdt Id lao ddng chan tay Chdng ludi bieng, xa xi Chdng each sinh hoqt uy mi Chdng kieu ngqo, gid ddi, khoe khoang" (8) GD cho SV long yeu thuong ngudi Tinh yeu thuong Id tinh cam rdng ldn duqc the hien cdc mdi quan he ban be, thdy trd, ddng chi, ddng bdo quan he hdng ngdy Mdi SV trudc het phdi nghiem khdc, chat che vdi bdn than minh, rdng rdi, dd luqng vdi ngudi khdc; biet quan tdm, chia se vdi ban be, vdi ngudi than vd nhung ngudi xung quanh Tai budi II khai mac trudng Dqi hoc nhdn ddn Viet Nam (19/1 / l 955) Hd Chi Minh nhac nhd: «Cdc chdu hoc tap, an d tap the ddng ddo, trai cd, gdi cd Cdc chdu phdi thuong yeu, giup nhu anh em, chi em; dong thdi phdi kinh trqng nhu dong hoc, dong chi" (9) Yeu thuong ngudi phdi duqc the hien bdng hdnh ddng thyc tien, tien phong cdc phong trao nhdn dao tu thien nhu: ung hd ngudi ngheo, ung hq nan nhdn chdt dqc da cam, ung hd ddng bdo bi thien tai, phong trao nien, SV tinh nguyen, hien mdu nhdn dao SV khdng chi Id hat nhdn cdc phong trao dd md cdn phdi ndng cao vai trd, trdch nhiem cua minh viec van ddng ngudi khdc cung thyc hien GD tinh than qudc te sdng, thuy chung Dd Id tinh than doan ket qudc te vd sdn md Hd Chi Minh dd neu «Bdn phuong vd sdn deu Id anh em" Ngudi nhdc SV phdi ludn quan tdm den tinh hinh the gidi Tinh than qudc te sdng Id phdm chdt dao due, Id yeu cdu dao due nhdm vdo mdi quan he rdng ldn vuqt qua bien gidi, qudc gia Viec GD cua Ddng vd nhdn thuc, ren luyen cua mdi SV ludn duqc ndng cao, khdng the coi nhe Phai quan tdm den cudc ddu tranh cua giai cap vd sdn cdc nude, cdc ddn tdc, md rdng quan he hqp tdc qudc te, tdng cudng hieu biet, hQu nghi, dodn ket va hap tac vai nien, SV cac nuac, thyc hien nhiem vy ddi ngoai cua Ddng, ddng gdp tfch cue vdo phong trao nien the gidi vi hod binh, ddc lap ddn tdc, ddn chu vd tien bp xd hdi Thdm nhuan tu tudng, tdm guang dao due Hd Chi Minh vd thyc hien chu truang, dudng ldi cua Ddng, cdc the he nien, SV Viet Nam dd khdng ngung hpc tap, ren luyen tu tudng, dao due, ldi sdng, cd ddng gdp to ldn vdo sy phdt trien cua ddt nude Ddc biet, sy nghiep ddi mdi todn dien cua ddt nude, trudc xu the todn cdu hod vd hpi nhap qudc te, cdc the he SV Viet Nam dang sue ren due luyen tdi phdn ddu vi ngdy mai lap nghiep, gdp phdn cung todn Ddng, todn ddn thyc hien thdng lqi cdng cudc ddi mdi, CNH, HDH ddt nude vi myc tieu «Dan giau, nude manh, xa hgi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh" Tuy nhien, dnh hudng cua mat trdi kinh te thj trudng, cua xu the giao luu vd hqi nhdp qudc te, thieu nghiem tuc hoc tap vd ren luyen, mdt bp phdn SV cd nhung bieu hien tieu cue ddng lo ngqi nhu: phai nhat If tudng, sdng dua ddi, budng thd, thfch hudng thy, ludi bieng, sa vdo cdc te nan xd hdi Mdt sd SV cdn hqn che ve nhdn thuc chfnh trj, phdp ludt, trdch nhiem vd nghia vy cua bdn than ddi vdi gia dinh vd xd hdi Theo thdng ke cua Vien Kiem sat nhdn ddn tdi cao, nam 2004 cd 600 hoc sinh, SV nghien ma tuy; de'n ndm 2007 so ndy dd tdng len 1.234 hoc sinh, SV Ket qud dieu tra 600 SV cua trudng dqi hoc d Hd Nqi (2006) cd 69,7% SV duqc hdi cho rdng SV hien cd ldi sdng thyc dyng; 31,2% cho rdng SV hien chua cd khdt vong de lap nghiep vi tuang lai; 21,8% cho Id SV cd bieu hien md nhat ve hodi bdo, If tudng • ** De ndng cao chdt luqng GD DDCM cho SV theo tu tudng vd tdm guang dao due Hd Chf Minh, theo chung tdi, can tap trung Idm td't mdt so van de: - Tap trung han nua cdng tdc GD chfnh tri tu tudng, ndng cao chdt luqng gidng day vd hoc tap cdc mdn hpc ve chu nghia Mdc-Lenin vd Tu tudng Hd Chf Minh nhd trudng Thudng xuyen Idm tdt cdng tdc tuyen truyen, GD sdu rdng ve tu tudng vd tdm guang dao due Hd Chf Minh, khdng ngung ndng cao nhdn thuc cua todn xd hdi ve tdm quan trqng cua viec GD DDCM cho nien, SV - GD DDCM cho SV cdn gdn vai hoqt ddng thyc tien vd tqo thdnh cdc phong trao mdt each da dqng, phong phu Gdn day, nhieu cudc van ddng, phong trao nien, SV nhu: 5V tinh nguyen, Tuoi tre giu nuac; Ve nguon; Den an dap nghTa, Tuoi tre xung kich, Hgc tap va lam theo tdm guang dgo due Ho Chi Minh dd duac phdt ddng nhd trudng, thu hut sy tham gia ddng ddo cua SV vd tung budc phdt huy tdc dyng, trd thdnh nhung hoqt ddng cua SV, vi SV Day chinh Id nhung hoqt ddng nhdm khai day, GD SV tinh cam, long ty hdo ddn tdc, tinh yeu que huang ddt nude, tinh than, trdch nhiem ddi vdi xd hdi, vdi cdng ddng, khdc phuc chu nghia cd nhdn fch ki, dua ddi, suy thodi ve dao due, ldi sdng giup SV cd them hdnh trang quan trqng tren dudng lap than, lap nghiep - Gdn GD DDCM cho SV vdi tuyen truyen vd GD phdp ludt, dudng ldi, chu truang, chfnh sdeh cua Ddng vd Nhd nude Tuyen duang, khen thudng kjp thdi nhung cd nhdn vd tap the tieu bieu cdc phong trao tap the, ddc biet Id qua cudc van ddng Hgc tap va lam theo tdm guang dgo due Ho Chi Minh Day manh cdng tdc qudn If, kiem tra, giam sat vd xu If nghiem ddi vdi nhung SV vi pham ndi quy, ki ludt cua nhd trudng, phdp ludt cua Nhd nude, vi pham nhung nguyen tdc, chudn myc dao due Trong tinh hinh mdi, ddt nude, khu vyc vd the gidi cd nhieu bien dpng phuc tap, ke thu dang dung moi dm muu, thu doqn chdng phd each mang hdng Idm chech hudng xd hdi chu nghia vd Idm lung lay y chf each mang cua the he tre Viec qudn triet, van dyng Tu tudng Hd Chf Minh ve GD DDCM cho SV cd y nghia quan trqng cd ve If ludn vd thyc tiln Tu dd, hinh thdnh nen nhung lap ngudi cd tri tue, cd phdm chdt dao due sdng; cd y chf, nghj lyc, khdng cam chju ngheo hen, lqc hdu, biet Idm giau chfnh ddng; thyc hien thdnh cdng sy nghiep CNH, HDH ddt nude vd gdp phdn vdo sy phdt trien ben vung cua cdc nude khu vyc vd the gidi; dua dan tdc Viet Nam cd the sanh vai vdi cdc cudng qudc ndm chdu nhu luc sinh thdi Bde Hd hdng mong mud'n.• Tai lieu tham khao (1), (2) H6 Chi Minh Toan tap, tap 12 NXB Chinh tri qudc gia H 2000 (3), (5), (8) H6 Chi Minh Toan tap, tap NXB Chinh tri qudc gia H 2002 (4) H6 Chi Minh Toan tap, tap NXB Chinh tri qudc gia H 2000 (6), (7) H6 Chi Minh Toan tap, tap NXB Chinh tri qudc gia H 2000 Tap chi Giao due so 253