Iec ts 61936 2 2015

I E C TS 61 6-2 ® Ed i ti on 201 5-03 TE C H N I C AL S P E C I F I C ATI ON colour i n sid e P owe r i n s tal l ati on s excee d i n g I E C TS 61 936-2 : 201 5-03(en ) P art : d c Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission kV a c an d , kV d c – T H I S P U B L I C AT I O N I S C O P YRI G H T P RO T E C T E D C o p yri g h t © I E C , G e n e v a , S wi tz e rl a n d Al l or ri g h ts by re s e rve d an y e i th e r m eans, IEC c o p y ri g h t yo u r IEC 3, or or l ocal I EC C e n t l ru e de CH -1 21 I E C's h a ve U n l es s o th e rwi s e e l e c t ro n i c or m em be r an N ati o n a l e n q u i ry m em be r s p e c i fi e d , m e ch a n i c a l , a bo u t N a ti o n a l no p a rt i n cl u d i n g C o m m i t te e o b ta i n i n g C o m m i tt e e th e p u b l i c a ti o n c o u n t ry a d d i ti o n a l fo r O ffi c e in of th i s p h o t o c o p yi n g fu rt h e r ri g h t s an d of th e to th i s re p ro d u c e d re q u e s t e r wi t h o u t If yo u h a ve pl eas e or u ti l i z e d p e rm i s s i o n an y c o n t a ct in in an y q u e s ti o n s th e fo rm wri t i n g fro m ab o u t a d d re s s I EC bel ow or i n fo rm a t i o n Tel : + 41 22 91 02 1 F a x: +41 22 91 03 00 G e n e va i n fo @ i e c c h 20 be p u b l i c a ti o n , V a re m b é S wi t ze rl a n d m ay m i c ro fi l m , www i e c c h Ab ou t th e I E C Th e I n t e rn a ti o n a l I n t e rn a t i o n a l E l e c t ro t e c h n i c a l S t a n d a rd s fo r al l Com m i ssi o n e l e c t ri c a l , (I E C ) e l e c t ro n i c and is th e re l a t e d l ea d i n g g l obal o rg a n i z a t i o n th a t p re p a re s an d pu bl i sh es tech n o l o g i es Ab o u t I E C p u b l i ca ti o n s Th e tech n i cal l ates t e d i ti o n , co n te n t a of IEC c o rri g e n d a p u b l i c a ti o n s or an is ke p t am en d m en t u n d er might c o n s ta n t h a ve been I E C C atal og u e - webs tore i ec ch /catal og u e Th e s ta n d - a l o n e b i b l i o g p h i ca l Te ch n i ca l a p p l i cati o n i n fo rm ati o n on S p eci fi cati o n s , d o cu m e n ts Ava i l a b l e fo r fo r I EC PC, M ac th e I n te rn a ti o n a l An d ro i d e n ti re S ta n d a rd s , Re p o rts OS, an d o th e r Ta b l ets an d i Pad a d va n ce d va ri e ty of s e a rch e n a b l es cri te ri a com m i tte e , … ) an d th e Th e wo rl d ' s e l e ctri ca l wi th d wn It to (re fe re n ce al so g i ve s fi n d I EC i n fo rm ati o n on P l e as e m a ke s u re th a t yo u h a ve th e d e fi n i ti o n s in a d d i ti o n a l on l i n e co n ta i n i n g Engl ish an d l an g u ag es d i cti o n a ry m o re F re n ch , Al s o Voca b u l a ry th a n wi th e l e ctro n i c 000 as th e an d te rm s e q u i va l e n t kn o wn (I E V) of 30 te rm s an d in I n te rn a ti o n a l on l i n e I E C G l os s ary - s td i ec ch /g l os s ary p u b l i ca ti o n s n u m b e r, I EC l ead i n g te rm s E l e ctro tech n i ca l I E C pu bl i cati on s s earch - www i ec ch /s earch pu b Th e by E l ectroped i a - www el ectroped i a org co n s u l ti n g Te ch n i ca l re vi e w pu bl i sh ed te xt, by a tech n i cal p ro j e cts , re p l a ce d M o re th a n En g l i sh cl a u s e h a ve p u b l i ca ti o n s 77, 60 an d of I EC been 86 an d 000 F re n ch e l ectrote ch n i ca l e xtra cte d p u b l i cati o n s co l l ecte d from from i ss u e d e a rl i e r te rm i n o l o g y th e Te rm s s i n ce an d 2002 p u b l i ca ti o n s e n tri e s S om e of in D e fi n i ti o n s I EC e n tri e s TC 37, CI S P R I E C J u s t Pu bl i s h ed - webs tore i ec ch /j u s tpu bl i s h ed S ta y up d e ta i l s al so to al l o n ce d ate n ew a on al l n ew p u b l i cati o n s m o n th b y em a i l I EC p u b l i ca ti o n s re l ea s e d J ust Ava i l a b l e P u bl i sh ed on l i n e an d I E C C u s tom er S ervi ce C en tre - webs tore i ec ch /cs c If yo u n eed wi s h C e n tre : Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission to g i ve us fu rth e r a ss i s ta n ce , csc@ i ec ch yo u r fe e d b a ck p l e as e ta ct on th e th i s p u b l i ca ti o n or C u s tom e r S e rvi ce I E C TS 61 36-2 ® Ed i ti on 201 5-03 TE C H N I C AL S PE C I FI C ATI ON colour i n sid e P ower i n s tal l ati on s exceed i n g kV a c an d , kV d c – P art 2: d c I N TERN ATI ON AL ELECTROTECH N I CAL COM MI SSI ON I CS 29 020; 29 080 01 I SB N 978-2-8322-2304-8 Warn i n g ! M ake s u re th at you obtai n ed th i s pu bl i cati on from an au th ori zed d i stri bu tor ® Reg i stered trad emark of th e I n ternati on al El ectrotech ni cal Commi ssi on Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission – – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : © I EC 201 C O N TE N TS F O R E W O RD I N T RO D U C T I O N S cope N o rm a ti ve re fe re n ce s T e rm s a n d d e fi n i ti o n s F u n d a m e n ta l re q u i re m e n ts G e n e l G e n e l re q u i re m e n ts Ag re e m e n ts b e twe e n s u p p l i e r ( m a n u fa ctu re r) a n d u s e r E l e c tri c a l re q u i re m e n ts M e th o d s o f d c n e u tra l p o i n t e a rth i n g 2 Vo l ta g e c l a s s i fi c a ti o n C u rre n t i n n o rm a l o p e ti o n 4 S h o rt- c i rc u i t c u rre n t Ra te d fre q u e n c y C o ro n a E l e c tri c a n d m a g n e ti c fi e l d s 4 O ve rvo l ta g e s 4 H a rm o n i cs 4 G a l va n i c s e p a ti o n b e twe e n a c a n d d c s ys te m s 4 M e c h a n i c a l re q u i re m e n ts 4 C l i m a ti c a n d e n vi ro n m e n ta l c o n d i ti o n s 4 G e n e l 4 N o rm a l c o n d i ti o n s 4 5 S p e c i a l c o n d i ti o n s S p e c i a l re q u i re m e n ts I n s u l a ti o n 5 G e n e l 5 S e l e c ti o n o f i n s u l a ti o n l e ve l 5 C o n s i d e ti o n o f m e th o d s o f n e u tra l e a rth i n g 5 2 C o n s i d e ti o n o f te d wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e s 5 Ve ri fi c a ti o n o f wi th s ta n d va l u e s M i n i m u m cl e a n c e s o f l i ve p a rts 5 M i n i m u m cl e a n c e s b e twe e n p a rts u n d e r s p e c i a l co n d i ti o n s T e s te d c o n n e cti o n zo n e s E q u i pm en t G e n e l re q u i re m e n ts S p e c i fi c re q u i re m e n ts S wi tch i n g d e vi c e s 2 Re a cto rs P re fa b ri c a te d t yp e - te s te d s wi tc h g e a r S u rg e a rre s te rs C a p a ci to rs 6 L i n e tra p s I n s u l a to rs I n s u l a te d ca b l e s Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission IEC TS 61 936-2: 01 an d – – a cc e s s o ri e s Ro ta t i n g S t a t i c c o n v e r t e rs 2 Fu ses 20 E l e c tri c a l E l e c tro n i c e l e c t ri c a l Va l ve an d m a ch i n e s m e ch a n i ca l va l ve co o l i n g I n t e rl o c k i n g d e vi ce s s ys t e m I n s ta l l a ti o n s G e n e l r e q u i re m e n t s C i rc u i t D ocu m en ta ti o n T n s p o rt ro u t e s Ai s l e s L i g h ti n g O p e t i o n a l Lab el l i n g 21 a rra n g e m e n t an d 21 a cce s s a re a s 21 s a fe t y O u td o o r i n s ta l l a ti o n s of open d esi g n 21 P ro t e c t i v e b a rri e r c l e a r a n c e s 2 2 P ro t e c t i v e o bs tacl e B o u n d a r y c l e a n c e s 2 Minimum C l e a n c e s E x t e rn a l C o n d u c t o rs 201 1 © I EC c l e a n c e s 2 h e i g h t o ve r a cc e s s to bu i l d in gs 23 fe n c e s I n d o o r i n s ta l l a t i o n s I n s ta l l a ti o n R e q u i re m e n t s a re a 2 o r wa l l s of open a cc e s s d o o rs 25 d esi g n 25 o f p r e fa b ri c a t e d fo r b u i l d i n g s an d t yp e - t e s t e d s wi tc h g e a r 25 G e n e l S t ru c t u l Ro o m s M a i n te n an ce 5 D o o rs D i n i n g 7 Ai r c o n d i t i o n i n g and Buildings re q u i r e High 7 E l e c t ri c a l p ro v i s i o n s fo r s w i t c h g e a r and o p e ti n g a re a s 26 of i n s u l ati n g wh i ch vo l ta g e /l o w vo l ta g e i n s ta l l a ti o n s liq u id s 26 ve n ti l a ti o n s pe ci a l c o n s i d e t i o n p re fa b ri c a t e d on m a s t, pole s u b s ta ti o n s an d to we r S a fe t y m e a s u re s G e n e l P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t M e a s u re s 2 P ro t e c t i o n ta ct fo r p ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t c o n t a c t re q u i r e m e n t s Means to p ro t e c t p e rs o n s in Means to p ro t e c t p e rs o n s w o rk i n g P ro t e c t i o n fro m ca s e d a n g e r re s u l t i n g o f i n d i re c t c o n t a c t on fr o m i n s t a l l a ti o n s 28 a rc fa u l t 8 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t fi r e 8 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t l e a ka g e I d e n t i fi c a t i o n P ro t e c t i o n , Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission c o n t ro l l i g h tn i n g e l e c t ri c a l s t ro k e s of i n s u l ati n g li q u id 28 an d m a rk i n g an d a u x i l i a r y s ys t e m s – – 10 E a rth i n g s ys te m s 1 G e n e l F u n d a m e n ta l re q u i re m e n ts S a fe t y cri te ri a 2 F u n cti o n a l re q u i re m e n ts 3 H i g h a n d l o w vo l ta g e e a rth i n g s ys te m s 3 D e s i g n o f e a rth i n g s ys te m s 3 11 12 I E C TS 61 936 -2 : © I EC 201 G e n e l 3 P o we r s ys te m fa u l ts 1 3 L i g h tn i n g a n d tra n s i e n ts 1 C o n s tru c ti o n o f e a rth i n g s ys te m s 1 M e a s u re m e n ts 1 M a i n ta i n a b i l i t y 1 I n s p e cti o n s 1 M e a s u re m e n ts I n s p e cti o n a n d te s ti n g 1 G e n e l 1 Ve ri fi c a ti o n o f s p e c i fi e d p e rfo rm a n c e s 1 T e s ts d u ri n g i n s ta l l a ti o n a n d co m m i s s i o n i n g 1 T ri a l ru n n i n g O p e ti o n a n d m a i n te n a n ce m a n u a l An n e x A ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) Va l u e s o f te d i n s u l a ti o n l e ve l s a n d m i n i m u m cl e a n c e s i n a i r b a s e d o n n o m i n a l vo l ta g e o f s o m e H VD C p ro j e c ts wo rl d wi d e 3 An n e x B ( n o rm a ti ve ) M e th o d o f ca l c u l a ti n g th e vo l ta g e l i m i t B i b l i o g p h y F i g u re – Ap p ro a ch e s wi th b u i l d i n g s ( wi th i n cl o s e d e l e c tri ca l o p e ti n g a re a s ) F i g u re – T o u ch vo l ta g e l i m i t d c Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC TS 61 936-2: 01 © I EC 201 – – I N TE RN ATI O N AL E L E C TRO TE C H N I C AL C O M M I S S I O N P O WE R I N S T AL L AT I O N S E X C E E D I N G P a rt : kV a c a n d , kV d c – d c F O RE W O RD 1) T h e I n te rn a ti o n a l E l e c t ro t e c h n i c a l C o m m i s s i o n ( I E C ) i s a wo rl d wi d e o rg a n i z a ti o n fo r s t a n d a rd i z a t i o n c o m p ri s i n g al l n a ti o n a l e l e c tro t e c h n i c a l c o m m i t te e s (I E C N ati o n a l C o m m i tt e e s ) Th e o bj ect of I EC is to p ro m o te i n te rn a ti o n a l c o - o p e t i o n o n a l l q u e s t i o n s c o n c e rn i n g s ta n d a rd i za t i o n i n th e e l e c t ri c a l a n d e l e c tro n i c fi e l d s T o th i s end and Te ch n i ca l in a d d i ti o n Re p o rts , to o t h e r a c ti vi ti e s , P u b l i cl y Ava i l a b l e I EC pu bl i sh es S p e c i fi c a ti o n s I n te rn a ti o n a l (P AS ) an d S t a n d a rd s , G u i d es Te ch n i ca l ( h e re a ft e r S p e c i fi c a ti o n s , re fe rre d to as “I E C P u b l i c a ti o n ( s ) ” ) T h e i r p re p a t i o n i s e n t ru s t e d to te c h n i c a l c o m m i tte e s ; a n y I E C N a ti o n a l C o m m i tte e i n te re s t e d in th e s u bj ect d eal t wi t h m ay p a rt i c i p a t e in th i s p re p a t o ry wo rk I n t e rn a ti o n a l , g o ve rn m e n t a l an d n on - g o v e rn m e n ta l o rg a n i z a ti o n s l i a i s i n g wi th th e I E C a l s o p a rti c i p a te i n th i s p re p a t i o n I E C c o l l a b o te s c l o s e l y wi th th e I n t e rn a ti o n a l O rg a n i z a ti o n fo r S ta n d a rd i z a t i o n (I S O) in a c c o rd a n c e wi th co n d i ti o n s d e t e rm i n e d by a g re e m e n t b e t we e n th e t wo o rg a n i za ti o n s 2) T h e fo rm a l d e c i s i o n s o r a g re e m e n ts o f I E C o n t e c h n i c a l m a t te rs e xp re s s , a s n e a rl y a s p o s s i b l e , a n i n t e rn a t i o n a l co n s e n s u s of opi n i on on th e re l e v a n t s u b j e c ts s i n ce e ach te c h n i c a l c o m m i tt e e h as re p re s e n ta ti o n fro m al l i n te re s te d I E C N a ti o n a l C o m m i t te e s 3) I E C P u b l i c a t i o n s h a ve th e fo rm o f re c o m m e n d a t i o n s fo r i n t e rn a t i o n a l u se an d a re a c c e p t e d b y I E C N a ti o n a l C o m m i tte e s i n t h a t s e n s e W h i l e a l l re a s o n a b l e e ffo rt s a re m a d e t o e n s u re th a t th e te c h n i c a l c o n t e n t o f I E C P u b l i c a ti o n s is a c c u te , IEC can n ot be h el d re s p o n s i b l e fo r th e wa y in wh i c h th e y a re used or fo r an y m i s i n t e rp re t a t i o n b y a n y e n d u s e r 4) In o rd e r t o p ro m o te t n s p a re n t l y to i n te rn a t i o n a l th e m a xi m u m u n i fo rm i ty, e xt e n t I EC possi bl e in N ati o n a l th e i r C o m m i tte e s n a ti on al an d u n d e rta ke re g i o n a l to appl y I EC p u b l i c a ti o n s P u b l i ca ti o n s An y d i v e rg e n c e b e t we e n a n y I E C P u b l i c a t i o n a n d t h e c o rre s p o n d i n g n a ti o n a l o r re g i o n a l p u b l i c a ti o n s h a l l b e c l e a rl y i n d i c a te d i n t h e l a tt e r 5) I E C i ts e l f d o e s n o t p ro vi d e a n y a tt e s ta ti o n o f c o n fo rm i ty a s s e s s m e n t s e rvi c e s a n d , i n s o m e a re a s , I n d e p e n d e n t c e rt i fi c a t i o n b o d i e s p ro vi d e c o n fo rm i ty a c c e s s t o I E C m a rk s o f c o n fo rm i t y I E C i s n o t re s p o n s i b l e fo r a n y s e rvi c e s c a rri e d o u t b y i n d e p e n d e n t c e rti fi c a ti o n b o d i e s 6) 7) Al l u s e rs s h o u l d e n s u re th a t t h e y h a v e t h e l a t e s t e d i ti o n o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n N o l i a b i l i t y s h a l l a t t a c h to I E C o r i ts d i re c to rs , e m p l o ye e s , s e rva n t s o r a g e n ts i n c l u d i n g i n d i vi d u a l e xp e rts a n d m e m b e rs o f i ts t e c h n i c a l c o m m i tte e s a n d I E C N a ti o n a l C o m m i t te e s fo r a n y p e rs o n a l i n j u ry , p ro p e rty d a m a g e o r oth e r d am a g e e xp e n s e s of an y a ri s i n g ou t n a tu re wh a ts o e v e r, wh e th e r d i re c t of p u b l i c a ti o n , use th e o f, or o r i n d i re c t , re l i a n c e u pon, o r fo r c o s t s th i s IEC (i n cl u d i n g P u b l i c a ti o n or l eg al fe e s ) an d any o th e r I EC P u bl i cati o n s 8) At te n t i o n i s d wn t o th e N o rm a t i ve re fe re n c e s c i t e d i n t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n U s e o f t h e re fe re n c e d p u b l i c a ti o n s i s i n d i s p e n s a b l e fo r th e c o rre c t a p p l i c a ti o n o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n 9) At te n t i o n i s d wn t o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y th a t s o m e o f t h e e l e m e n t s o f t h i s I E C P u b l i c a t i o n m a y b e th e s u b j e c t o f p a te n t ri g h ts I E C s h a l l n o t b e h e l d re s p o n s i b l e fo r i d e n t i fyi n g a n y o r a l l s u c h p a t e n t ri g h ts Th e m ain ta s k of I EC te c h n i c a l co m m i tte e s is to p re p a re I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s In e xce p ti o n a l c i rc u m s ta n c e s , a te ch n i c a l c o m m i tte e m a y p ro p o s e th e p u b l i c a ti o n o f a te c h n i ca l s p e c i fi ca ti o n wh e n • th e re q u i re d s u p p o rt c a n n o t b e o b ta i n e d fo r th e p u b l i ca ti o n o f a n I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd , d e s p i te re p e a te d e ffo rts , o r • th e s u b j e c t i s s ti l l u n d e r te ch n i c a l d e ve l o p m e n t o r wh e re , fo r a n y o th e r re a s o n , th e re i s th e fu tu re b u t n o i m m e d i a te p o s s i b i l i t y o f a n a g re e m e n t o n a n I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd T e ch n i c a l s p e c i fi c a ti o n s a re s u b j e ct to re vi e w wi th i n th re e ye a rs of p u b l i c a ti o n to d eci d e wh e th e r th e y ca n b e tra n s fo rm e d i n to I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s I E C - , wh i ch i s a te ch n i c a l s p e c i fi ca ti o n , h a s b e e n p re p a re d b y te c h n i ca l co m m i tte e 9 : S ys te m e n g i n e e ri n g an d e re cti o n o f e l e ctri c a l p o we r i n s ta l l a ti o n s in s ys te m s vo l ta g e s a b o ve kV a c a n d , kV d c , p a rt i cu l a rl y c o n ce rn i n g s a fe t y a s p e cts Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission wi th n om i n al –6– IEC TS 61 936-2:201 © IEC 201 Future standards in this series will carry the new general title as cited above Titles of existing standards in this series will be updated at the time of the next edition The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft 99/1 30/DTS Report on voting 99/1 32/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part A list of all parts in the IEC 61 936 series, published under the general title , can be found on the IEC website e xce e din g kV a c Po we r in s ta lla tio n s a n d , kV d c The following differences exist in the countries indicated below: 7.2.4: For live parts without protective facilities, a minimum height H = N + 440 mm shall be maintained (Australia) 7.2.6: Guidance reference construction can be found at ENA Doc 01 (Australia) 7.5.4: Space for evacuation shall always be at least 600 mm, even when removable parts or open doors, which are blocked in the direction of escape, intrude into the escape routes (Australia) 8.7.1 : Fire rating of barriers must be a minimum fire rating of 20 minutes (Australia) 8.7.2: The dimensions G1 and G2 are to be measured from the inside edge wall of any bund wall rather than the measured point shown in Figure 7a) and 7b) of IEC 61 936-1 :201 0/AMD1 :201 from the transformer where the bund wall is wider than the transformer (Australia) 8.8: Spill containment should extend by 50% of the height of the transformer (Australia) 0: For requirements on earthing, refer to AS 2067, Substations and High Voltage Installations (Australia) 0.2.1 : HV earthing systems should be designed according to tolerable voltages based on body impedances not exceeded by % of the population, as given in Table of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005 (United Kingdom) 0.2.1 : Permissible touch and step voltages in power installations shall be in accordance with Federal law concerning electrical installations (High and low voltage) (SR 734.0) and Regulations for electrical power installations (SR 743.2 StV) (Switzerland) 0.2.1 and Annex B: Earthing requirements are based on probabilistic calculations and so much of the clause is not appropriate for Australia (Australia) Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC TS 61 936-2: 01 © I EC 201 – – T h e c o m m i tte e h a s d e c i d e d th a t th e c o n te n ts o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n wi l l re m a i n u n c h a n g e d u n ti l th e s ta b i l i t y d a te i n d i ca te d on th e I EC we b s i te u n d er " h ttp : //we b s to re i e c c h " in th e d a ta re l a te d to th e s p e c i fi c p u b l i c a ti o n At th i s d a te , th e p u b l i c a ti o n wi l l b e • tra n s fo rm e d i n to a n I n te rn a ti o n a l s ta n d a rd , • re co n fi rm e d , • wi th d wn , • re p l a ce d b y a re vi s e d e d i ti o n , o r • am en d ed A b i l i n g u a l ve rs i o n o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n m a y b e i s s u e d a t a l a te r d a te I M P O R T AN T th a t it – Th e co n ta i n s u n d e rs t a n d i n g c o l o u r p ri n t e r Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission of ' co l ou r c o l o u rs i ts in side' wh i ch c o n te n ts l og o a re U s e rs on th e cover c o n s i d e re d sh ou l d p ag e to t h e re fo re of th i s be p ri n t p u b l i cati on u s e fu l th i s fo r i n d i c a te s th e d ocu m e n t c o rre c t u si n g a – – IEC TS 61 936 -2 : © I EC 201 I N T RO D U C T I O N T h e re a re wi t h i n th e basis Th i s fe w fo r t h i s p a rt a d d i ti o n a l n ati on a l s co p e of of l a ws , th i s s t a n d a rd s tech n i ca l and i n t e rn a l s p e c i fi c a t i o n , an d ru l e s th es e d eal i ng wi t h p cti c e s th e h a ve m a tt e r been co m i n g ta ke n as a w o rk I EC 61 936 i n fo rm a t i o n tai n s wh i ch th e minimum e n s u re s an re q u i re m e n t s a cc e p ta b l e va l i d re l i a b i l i t y fo r of I EC an c o u n t ri e s i n s ta l l a ti o n and and som e i ts s a fe o p e ti o n Th i s p a rt of c o n t ri b u t i o n i n t e rn a t i o n a l Th e of al i g n m en t vo l ta g e P a rt i c u l a r 61 936 is pu bl i sh ed i n vo l ve m e n t fro m a as wi d e r a T e ch n i ca l a u d i e n ce S p e c i fi c a t i o n Th i s may in p ro v i d e o rd e r th e to basi s th i s all te ch n i ca l o ve r re q u i re m e n ts th e s p e c i fi c a t i o n w o rl d of th e is b e l i e ve d p c t i c e s to be a c o n c e rn i n g d e ci s i ve th e s tep d esi gn Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission fu t u r e t o w a rd s and th e e re cti o n fo r p o we r fo r t n s m i s s i o n g e n e t i o n and an d d i s t ri b u t i o n i n d u s t ri a l i n s ta l l a ti o n s i n s t a l l a ti o n s a re as we l l i n cl u d e d in of as p a rt i c u l a r th i s te c h n i ca l s p e c i fi c a t i o n re l e va n t a p o we r i n s ta l l a ti o n s re q u i re m e n t s Th e we l c o m e fo r s t a n d a rd p u b l i ca ti o n g d u a l high I EC and l a ws o r re g u l a t i o n s of an a u th o ri t y h a v i n g j u ri s d i c t i o n ta ke s p re c e d e n c e – 26 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : © I EC 201 F l o o rs See 5 of I EC 936 -1 : 01 R o o m s fo r s w i t c h g e a r S ee of I E C 61 36-1 : M n ten an ce an d M a i n te n a n c e and o p e t i n g o p e ti n g a re a s a re a s c o m p ri s e sl es, a cc e s s a re a s , h and l ing passag es and e s ca p e ro u te s Ai s l e s a n d a cc e s s a re a s s h a l l b e a d e q u a te l y d i m e n s i o n e d fo r c a rryi n g o u t wo rk, o p e ti n g s wi tc h g e a r a n d tra n s p o rti n g e q u i p m e n t Ai s l e s s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 0 m m wi d e T h e wi d th o f th e a i s l e s s h a l l n o t b e re d u c e d e ve n wh e re e q u i p m e n t p ro j e c ts i n to th e a i s l e s , fo r e xa m p l e p e rm a n e n tl y i n s ta l l e d o p e ti n g m e ch a n i s m s or s wi tc h g e a r tru cks in i s o l a te d p o s i ti o n s S p a c e fo r e va cu a ti o n s h a l l a l wa ys b e a t l e a s t 0 m m , e ve n wh e n re m o va b l e p a rts o r o p e n d o o rs , wh i c h a re b l o cke d i n th e d i re c ti o n o f e s ca p e , i n tru d e i n to th e e s ca p e ro u te s F o r e re c ti o n o r s e rvi ce a c ce s s wa ys b e h i n d c l o s e d i n s ta l l a ti o n s ( s o l i d wa l l s ) , a m i n i m u m wi d th o f 0 m m i s re q u i re d C l e a r a n d s a fe a cc e s s fo r p e rs o n n e l s h a l l b e p ro vi d e d a t a l l ti m e s T h e d o o rs o f s wi tc h g e a r cu b i c l e s o r b a ys s h a l l c l o s e i n th e d i re cti o n o f e s c a p e B e l o w ce i l i n g s , co ve rs o r e n c l o s u re s , e xc e p t c a b l e a cc e s s e s , a m i n i m u m h e i g h t o f 0 m m i s re q u i re d E xi ts sh al l e xce e d be 40 m a rra n g e d so fo r i n s ta l l a ti o n th a t th e l e n g th o f te d i n s ta l l a ti o n o f te d vo l ta g e s u p to U o f th e vo l ta g e s dm U dm escape ro u te g re a te r th a n wi th i n th e kV d c , ro o m and d oes 20 m not fo r = kV d c T h i s d o e s n o t a p p l y to a cc e s s i b l e b u s d u c ts o r c a b l e d u c ts I f th e a b o ve d i s ta n ce s o f th e e s ca p e ro u te ca n n o t b e m e t, a n a g re e m e n t s h a l l b e m a d e wi th th e u s e r P e rm a n e n tl y i n s ta l l e d l a d d e rs o r s i m i l a r a re p e rm i s s i b l e a s e m e rg e n c y e xi ts i n e s c a p e ro u te s 5 D o o rs S ee 5 of I E C 61 93 6-1 : D i n i n g o f i n s u l a ti n g liquids S ee of I E C 936-1 : 01 7 Ai r c o n d i t i o n i n g an d v e n ti l a ti o n S ee of I E C 61 36-1 : 7 Ve n ti l a ti o n o f b a t t e ry ro o m s S ee 7 of I EC 93 6-1 : 01 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC TS 61 936-2: 01 © I EC 201 7 – 27 – Ro o m s fo r e m e rg e n c y g e n e t i n g u n i ts S ee of I EC 61 93 6-1 : 01 B u i l d i n g s wh i ch re q u i re s p e c i a l c o n s i d e t i o n S ee of I E C 93 6-1 : High v o l t a g e /l o w v o l t a g e p re fa b ri c a t e d s u b s t a ti o n s See of I E C 93 6-1 : 01 7 E l e c t ri c a l i n s tal l ati on s H H N+ N m a s t, ' = wh e re an d to we r ' o f l i ve p a rts a b o ve s u rfa c e s a cc e s s i b l e to th e g e n e l p u b l i c s h a l l b e ' = 0 m m fo r te d vo l ta g e s – pol e H Th e m i n i m u m h e i g h t – on U dm u p to kV; 0 m m ( m i n i m u m 0 m m ) fo r te d vo l ta g e s U dm a b o ve kV; i s th e m i n i m u m cl e a n ce W h e re th e re d u c ti o n o f s a fe t y d i s ta n c e s d u e to th e e ffe ct o f s n o w o n a cce s s i b l e s u rfa c e s n e e d s to b e co n s i d e re d , th e va l u e s g i ve n a b o ve s h a l l b e i n cre a s e d I s o l a ti n g e q u i p m e n t a n d fu s e s s h a l l b e a rra n g e d s o th a t th e y c a n b e o p e te d wi th o u t d a n g e r I s o l a ti n g e q u i p m e n t a cc e s s i b l e to th e g e n e l p u b l i c s h a l l b e ca p a b l e o f b e i n g l o cke d o p e ti n g ro d s s h a l l b e c o m p l i a n t wi th th e re l e va n t s ta n d a rd S a fe p o l e - to - p o l e c o n n e c ti o n a n d e a rth i n g o f th e o ve rh e a d l i n e s h a l l b e p o s s i b l e S a fe t y m e a s u re s G e n e l S ee of I E C 61 936-1 : 01 P ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t c o n t a c t S ee of I E C 61 36-1 : 01 8 M e a s u re s fo r p ro t e c t i o n Re c o g n i z e d p ro t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d i re c t c o n t a c t m e a s u re s S ee of I EC 61 936 -1 : 01 Desi gn o f p ro t e c t i v e m e a s u re s S ee of I EC 93 6-1 : 01 2 2 P ro t e c t i o n re q u i re m e n t s P ro t e c t i o n ou ts i d e o f cl os ed e l e c t ri c a l o p e t i n g a re a s S ee 2 of I EC 61 936 -1 : 01 2 P ro t e c t i o n i n s i d e cl os e d S ee 2 of I EC 61 93 6-1 : 01 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission e l e c t ri c a l o p e t i n g a re a s Th e – 28 2 Th e P ro t e c t i o n r e l e v a n t s t a n d a rd s P ro t e c t i o n p u rp o s e s m e a s u re s c o n tro l of a – ch a n g i n g a fu s e – a d j u s ti n g a s e tti n g – re s e t t i n g – e a rt h i n g fo r w o rk ; – e re c t i o n of a – re a d i n g a ou t S ee See S ee S ee S ee 8 S ee S ee See or a va l u e i l s of a a of I E C sh al l of I E C of I E C U dm ≤ 45 of I E C of I E C kV or of a of I E C d c , w h e re Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission fo r a cce s s d o o rs it or m ay c o v e rs be h a ve to n e c e s s a ry be to open e d p ro v i d e in o rd e r fi x e d an d I EC and IEC on e l e c t ri c a l i n s t a l l a ti o n s - : /AM D : fro m and IEC a rc fa u l t - : /AM D : s t ro k e s - : /AM D : a g a i n s t l e a ka g e o f i n s u l a ti n g 61 36-1 : 201 an d an d I EC as fa r a s a p p l i ca b l e as fa r a s a p p l i ca b l e liquid - : /AM D : m a rk i n g 936-1 : 201 c o n t ro l a n d a u xi l i a ry s ys t e m s 61 936-1 : 201 an d I EC - : /AM D : as fa r a s to n on- a g a i n s t fi re of I EC fo r e g : c a s e o f i n d i re c t c o n t a c t d a n g e r re s u l t i n g 93 6-1 : 01 P ro t e c t i o n , Cl au se n eed a cco u n t re a c t o r m a i n te n a n ce , a g a i n s t d i re c t l i g h t n i n g I d e n t i fi c a t i o n th e i n to 61 36-1 : 201 P ro t e c t i o n 8 fro m 93 6-1 : 01 P ro t e c t i o n of I E C a cc o u n t ta k e n w a rn i n g 61 936-1 : 201 P ro t e c t i o n i n to be 61 936-1 : 201 P ro t e c t i o n ta ke sh ou l d s h u tte r; M e a n s t o p ro t e c t p e rs o n s w o rk i n g i n s ta l l a ti o n s m a i n te n a n ce , l e ve l M e a n s t o p ro t e c t p e rs o n s i n 201 d e vi ce ; or oi l o p e t i o n as © I EC i n d i ca to r; t e m p e t u re wi th 61 936 -2 : d i s c o n n e cto r; te m p o ry i n s u l a ti n g n o rm a l o f e l e c tri c a l an d TS o p e t i o n i n s ta l l a ti o n c o n t ro l IEC l am p; re l a y o r a n th e co n d u cti ve an an d c i rc u i t - b re a k e r o r a i n s ta l l a ti o n s c a rr y n o rm a l fo r o p e t i o n in o f o p e t i o n – In d u ri n g – a p p l i ca b l e IEC TS 61 936-2:201 © IEC 201 E a rt h i n g 0.1 – 29 – s ys t e m s G e n e l This Clause provides the criteria for design, installation, testing and maintenance of an earthing system such that it operates under all conditions and ensures the safety of human life in any place to which persons have legitimate access It also provides the criteria to ensure that the integrity of equipment connected and in proximity to the earthing system is maintained D.C earth electrodes shall be located far enough away from the installation or other immersed metal structures so that electrolytic corrosion is negligible in comparison with other causes of corrosion, and to avoid transformer saturation NOTE IEC TS 62344 provides general guidelines on the design of earth electrode stations for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links As the electrolytic corrosion due to the d.c earth electrode depends on the ampere-hours of use, the distance of the d.c earth electrode from the installation could be reduced in case of temporary use of the electrode 0.2 F u n d am en tal re q u i re m e n t s S a fe t y c ri t e ri a The hazard to human beings is that a current will flow through the region of the heart which is sufficient to cause ventricular fibrillation The current limit, for d.c purposes is derived from the appropriate curve in IEC TS 60479-1 This body current limit is translated into voltage limits for comparison with the calculated step and touch voltages taking into account the following factors: – proportion of current flowing through the region of the heart; – body impedance along the current path; – resistance between the body contact points and e.g metal structure to hand including glove, feet to remote ground including shoes or gravel; – fault duration For installation design, the curve shown in Figure is calculated according to the method defined in Annex B NOTE The curve is based on data extracted from IEC TS 60479-1 : – body impedance from Table of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005 (not exceeded by 50 % of the population), – permissible body current corresponding to the c curve in Figure 22 and Table of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005 (probability of ventricular fibrillation is less than %), – heart current factor according to Table of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005 The curve in the following Figure 2, which gives the allowable touch voltage, should be used As a general rule, meeting the touch voltage requirements satisfies the step voltage requirements, because the tolerable step voltage limits are much higher than touch voltage limits due to the different current path through the body For installations where high-voltage equipment is not located in closed electrical operating areas, e.g in an industrial environment, a global earthing system should be used to prevent touch voltages exceeding the voltage limits given in IEC 60364-4-41 [ Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission ] Vo l t a g e , V – 30 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : © I EC 201 T o l e b l e t o u c h d c vo l t a g e 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 00 00 10 000 000 Ti m e , F i g u re – T o u c h 2 F u n cti o n a l ms IEC vo l tag e l i m i t d c re q u i re m e n t s T h e e a rth i n g s ys te m , i ts co m p o n e n ts a n d b o n d i n g co n d u c to rs s h a l l b e ca p a b l e o f d i s tri b u ti n g an d d i s ch a rg i n g th e fa u l t c u rre n t wi th o u t e xce e d i n g th e rm a l and m e ch a n i c a l d esi g n l i m i ts e a rth i n g s ys te m s s h a l l b e i n te rc o n n e cte d e xce p t fo r th e d c e a rth b a s e d o n b a ck - u p p ro te cti o n o p e ti n g ti m e I n g e n e l , a c a n d d c e l e c tro d e wh i c h wi l l b e s e p a te d fro m th e a c a n d d c e a rth i n g s ys te m s T h e e a rth i n g s ys te m s h a l l m a i n ta i n i ts i n te g ri t y fo r th e e x p e c te d i n s ta l l a ti o n l i fe ti m e wi th d u e a l l o wa n c e fo r c o rro s i o n a n d m e ch a n i c a l c o n s tra i n ts E a rth i n g s ys te m p e rfo rm a n c e s h a l l a vo i d d a m a g e to e q u i p m e n t d u e to e xc e s s i ve p o te n ti a l ri s e , p o te n ti a l d i ffe re n c e s wi th i n th e e a rth i n g s ys te m and due to e xc e s s i ve cu rre n ts fl o wi n g in a u x i l i a ry p a th s n o t i n te n d e d fo r ca rryi n g p a rts o f th e fa u l t c u rre n t T h e e a rth i n g s ys te m , an d tra n s fe rre d in co m b i n a ti o n p o te n ti a l s wi th i n wi th th e a p p ro p ri a te m e a s u re s , vo l ta g e l i m i ts based on sh all m a i n ta i n s te p , n o rm a l o p e ti n g to u ch ti m e of p ro te cti o n re l a ys a n d b re a ke rs T h e e a rth i n g s ys te m p e rfo rm a n ce s h a l l c o n tri b u te to e n s u ri n g e l e ctro m a g n e ti c c o m p a ti b i l i t y ( E M C ) a m o n g e l e ctri c a l a n d e l e ctro n i c a p p a tu s o f th e h i g h - vo l ta g e s ys te m i n wi th I E C T R 0 - - High an d l o w v o l t a g e e a rt h i n g s ys te m s S ee of I E C 61 936-1 : 01 0.3 Desi gn o f e a rt h i n g s ys t e m s G e n e l D e s i g n o f a n e a rth i n g s ys te m ca n b e a cco m p l i s h e d a s fo l l o ws : a) d a ta c o l l e c ti o n , e g e a rth fa u l t c u rre n t, fa u l t d u ti o n a n d l a yo u t; b) i n i ti a l d e s i g n o f th e e a rth i n g s ys te m b a s e d o n th e fu n c ti o n a l re q u i re m e n ts ; c) d e te rm i n e wh e th e r i t i s p a rt o f a g l o b a l e a rth i n g s ys te m ; Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission a cco rd a n c e I EC TS 61 936-2: 01 © I EC 201 d) e) – 31 – i f n o t, d e te rm i n e s o i l ch a cte ri s ti cs e g s p e c i fi c s o i l re s i s ti vi t y o f l a ye rs ; d e te rm i n e th e c u rre n t fl o wi n g i n to e a rth fro m th e e a rth i n g s ys te m , b a s e d o n e a rth fa u l t cu rre n t; f) d e te rm i n e th e o ve l l i m ped a n ce to e a rth , based on l a yo u t, soi l ch a cte ri s ti cs , and p a l l e l e a rth i n g s ys te m s ; g) d e te rm i n e e a rth p o te n ti a l ri s e ; h) d e te rm i n e to l e b l e to u c h vo l ta g e ; i) i f th e e a rth p o te n ti a l ri s e i s b e l o w th e p e rm i s s i b l e to u c h vo l ta g e s , th e d e s i g n i s co m p l e te d ; j) i f n o t, d e te rm i n e i f to u c h vo l ta g e s i n s i d e a n d in th e vi c i n i t y o f th e e a rth i n g s ys te m a re b e l o w th e to l e b l e l i m i ts ; k) d e te rm i n e i f tra n s fe rre d p o te n ti a l s p re s e n t a h a z a rd o u ts i d e o r i n s i d e th e e l e c tri ca l p o we r i n s ta l l a ti o n ; i f ye s , p ro ce e d wi th m i ti g a ti o n a t e xp o s e d l o c a ti o n ; l) d e te rm i n e i f l o w- vo l ta g e e q u i p m e n t i s e x p o s e d to e xce s s i ve s tre s s vo l ta g e ; i f ye s , p ro ce e d wi th m i ti g a ti o n m e a s u re s wh i ch ca n i n c l u d e s e p a ti o n o f H V a n d L V e a rth i n g s ys te m s ; O n c e th e a b o ve c ri te ri a h a ve b e e n m e t, th e d e s i g n ca n b e re fi n e d , i f n e c e s s a ry, b y re p e a ti n g th e a b o ve s te p s D e ta i l e d d e s i g n i s n e c e s s a ry to e n s u re th a t a l l e xp o s e d co n d u c ti ve p a rts , a re e a rth e d E xtra n e o u s co n d u cti ve p a rts s h a l l b e e a rth e d , i f a p p ro p ri a te A fl o wc h a rt o f th i s d e s i g n p ro c e s s i s g i ve n i n An n e x D o f I E C - : /AM D : T h e s tru ctu l e a rth e l e c tro d e s h a l l b e b o n d e d a n d fo rm p a rt o f th e e a rth i n g s ys te m I f n o t b o n d e d , ve ri fi c a ti o n i s n e ce s s a ry to e n s u re th a t a l l s a fe t y re q u i re m e n ts a re m e t P o w e r s y s t e m fa u l t s T h e o b j e cti ve i s to d e te rm i n e th e wo rs t c a s e fa u l t s ce n a ri o fo r e ve ry re l e va n t a s p e c t o f th e fu n cti o n a l re q u i re m e n ts , a s th e s e m a y d i ffe r T h e fo l l o wi n g t yp e s o f fa u l t s h a l l b e e x a m i n e d a t e a c h vo l ta g e l e ve l p re s e n t i n th e i n s ta l l a ti o n : a) p o l e to e a rth ; b) two p o l e s to e a rth ; c) m e ta l l i c re tu rn to e a rth F a u l ts wi th i n a n d o u ts i d e th e i n s ta l l a ti o n s i te s h a l l b e e x a m i n e d to d e te rm i n e th e wo rs t fa u l t l o ca ti o n 3 Li g h tn i n g an d t n s i e n t s S ee 3 of I E C 61 36-1 : 01 0.4 C o n s t ru c t i o n o f e a rt h i n g s y s t e m s S ee of I EC 61 36-1 : 20 1 0.5 M e a s u re m e n t s See of I EC 61 936-1 : 201 0.6 M a i n ta i n a b i l i t y I n s pe cti on s S ee of I E C 61 36-1 : 01 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission – 32 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : © I EC 201 M e a s u re m e n t s S ee of I E C 61 936-1 : 01 1 I n s p e cti o n a n d te s ti n g 1 G e n e l S ee 1 of I EC 61 936-1 : 1 V e ri fi c a t i o n o f s p e c i fi e d p e rfo rm a n c e s S ee 1 of I EC 61 936-1 : 20 1 T e s t s d u ri n g i n s tal l ati o n and co m m i s s i on i n g S ee 1 of I EC 61 936-1 : 20 1 T ri a l ru n n i n g S ee 1 of I EC 61 936-1 : 20 1 O p e t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e m a n u a l S e e C l a u s e o f I E C - : a n d I E C - : /AM D : Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC TS 61 936-2: 01 © I EC 201 – 33 – An n e x A ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) Va l u e s o f te d i n s u l a ti o n l e ve l s a n d m i n i m u m on n om i n al N om i n al H i g h est vo l ta g e vo l ta g e Ra t e d m i n u te s fo r fo r i n s ta l l a - i n s ta l l a - d c s ta n d wi th - ti o n ti o n vo l ta g e U Ra t e d Ra t e d l i g h tn i n g s wi tc h i n g M inimum to - e a rth pol e- c l e a n c e Ra t e d s wi tc h i n g i m pu l se i m pu l se i m pu l se wi th s ta n d wi th s ta n d wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e vo l ta g e vo l ta g e , /50 dm c l e a n c e s i n a i r b a s e d vo l ta g e o f s o m e H V D C p ro j e c ts w o rl d w i d e µ a s P ol e-to- C o n d u c tor Ro d e a rt h – – s tru c t u re s tru c t u re p eak val u e 50 / 500 µ P o l e-to-p ol e M inimum 50 / 500 µ Ro d C o n d u c tor – pol e- t o - p o l e c l e a n c e – d u ctor co n d u ctor s p a l l e l p eak val u e s peak val u e kV kV kV 80 82 115 kV kV 350 50 54, 45 21 1 00 550 1 00 350 250 257, 290 360 850 300 309 390 435 850 700 550 350 360, 460 505 950 900 650 450 463, 580 650 1 75 400 750 600 700 900 700 900 900 900 050 200 500 1 25 300 600 275 600 00 360 900 400 425 00 600 680 900 600 850 200 000 850 600 850 900 00 425 900 550 50 900 550 675 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission 400 600 425 50 00 750 300 41 2 00 300 300 300 400 425 400 00 400 1 75 300 650 900 650 050 329, 900 1 75 050 300 00 1 75 320 700 900 050 200 500 450 950 278 1 00 50 050 270 300 950 950 900 450 550 750 206 900 900 750 200 700 350 250 650 mm 900 450 03 kV 700 70 450 00 mm 950 00 400 – 34 – N om i n al H i g h est vo l ta g e vo l ta g e Ra t e d m i n u te s fo r fo r i n s ta l l a - i n s ta l l a - d c s ta n d wi th - ti o n ti o n vo l ta g e U Ra t e d Ra t e d l i g h tn i n g s wi tc h i n g M inimum to - e a rth pol e- Ra t e d c l e a n c e s wi tc h i n g i m pu l se i m pu l se i m pu l se wi th s ta n d wi th s ta n d wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e , /50 dm I E C TS 61 936 -2 : â I EC 201 a s vo l ta g e C o n d u c tor Ro d e a rt h – – s tru c t u re s tru c t u re 500 µ C o n d u c tor – 50 / pol e- vo l ta g e P o l e-to-p ol e P ol e-to- p eak val u e M inimum t o - p o l e c l e a n c e 50 / 500 µ Ro d – d u ctor co n d u ctor s p a l l e l p eak val u e s peak val u e kV kV kV kV kV 550 mm kV mm 00 400 500 51 720 675 050 400 600 600 61 865 800 600 800 600 950 00 N O TE a b T h e i n tro d u ct i o n o f U dm 300 900 b 800 200 a b o ve = 0 kV i s u n d e r co n s i d e ti o n T h e te d l i g h t n i n g i m p u l s e i s a p p l i ca b l e p o l e - t o - p o l e a n d p o l e - to - e a rth M i n i m u m cl e a n c e re q u i re d fo r u p p e r v a l u e o f t e d l i g h t n i n g i m p u l s e wi t h s ta n d vo l t a g e Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission 050 200 300 500 000 1 00 IEC TS 61 936-2:201 © IEC 201 – 35 – Annex B (normative) Method of calculating the voltage limit The following Formula (B.1 ) shall be used: UT = I (t ) × B f HF (B.1 ) × R (U ) × BF T T where is the touch voltage; is the fault duration; IB tf is the body current limit See c in Figure 22 and Table t of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005 , where probability of ventricular fibrillation is less than % IB depends on fault duration HF is the heart current factor See Table of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005, i.e ,0 for left hand, both feet; 0,8 for right hand to both feet; 0,4 for hand to hand R T (UT ) is the body resistance See Table and Figure of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005 R T is not exceeded by 50 % of the population Therefore, the first calculation has to start with an assumed level BF is the body fact See Figure of IEC TS 60479-1 :2005, i.e 0,75 for hand to both feet, 0,5 for both hands to both feet UT ( f ) NOTE Different touch voltage conditions, e.g left hand to feet, hand to hand, lead to different tolerable touch voltages Figure of this standard is based on a weighted average taken from four different touch voltage configurations Touch voltage left hand to feet (weighted ,0), touch voltage right hand to feet (weighted ,0), touch voltage both hand to feet (weighted ,0) and touch voltage hand to hand (weighted 0,7) For specific consideration of additional resistances the formula becomes: UT where RH RF = I (t ) × B f HF is the additional hand resistance; is the additional foot resistance Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission × ( R (U ) × BF + R + R T T H F ) (B.2) – 36 – I E C TS 61 936 -2 : © I EC 201 B i b l i o g p h y Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high voltage equipment – Part : Description of phenomena [1 ] CI SPR 8-1 , [2 ] CI S PR 8-2, [3 ] CI S PR 8-3, [4 ] I EC 60050 Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high voltage equipment – Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure of determining limits Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high voltage equipment – Part 3: Code of practice for minimizing the generation of radio noise (all parts) , International Electrotechnical Vocabulary ( a va i l a b l e a t < h ttp //www e l e ctro p e d i a o rg > ) Terminology for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission [5 ] I EC 60633, [6 ] I E C 0 ( a l l p a rts ) , [7 ] I EC 60076-2, Environmental testing Power transformers – Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers [8 ] I E C 6 - - , Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-41 : Protection for safety – Protection against electric shock [9 ] I E C 0 - , Thyristor valves for high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission – Part : Electrical testing [1 ] I E C 6072 -2-2 , [1 ] I E C - - , Classification of environmental conditions – Part 2-3: Environmental conditions appearing in nature – A ir pressure [1 ] I E C 607 -2-4 , [1 ] I E C - - , Classification of environmental conditions – Part 2-6: Environmental conditions appearing in nature – Earthquake vibration and shock [1 ] I E C 607 -2-7 , [1 ] I E C T R 9 ( a l l p a rts ) , Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters [1 ] I EC 60949, [1 ] I E C T R 0 , High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems – Guidebook to the specification and design evaluation of A C filters [1 ] I E C /I E E E 0 - - : , Classification of environmental conditions – Part 2-2: Environmental conditions appearing in nature – Precipitation and wind Classification of environmental conditions – Part 2-4: Environmental conditions appearing in nature – Solar radiation and temperature Classification of environmental conditions – Part 2-7: Environmental conditions appearing in nature – Fauna and flora Calculation of thermally permissible short-circuit currents, taking into account non-adiabatic heating effects Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Bushings for d c application IEC [1 ] [2 ] [2 ] TS 61 936-2: 01 © I EC 201 – 37 – I E C T S 4 , Design of earth electrode stations for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links – General guidelines T R , High-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission using voltage sourced converters (VSC) IEC IEC TR 62544, High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems – A pplication of active filters [2 ] I S O 9 - , A coustics – Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise – Part : Basic quantities and assessment-procedures [2 ] I EEE [2 ] AN S I / I E E E [2 ] [2 ] 998: 996, Guide for Direct Lightning Stroke Shielding of Substations s t a n d a r d , IEEE guide for specification of high -voltage direct-current systems Part I: Steady-state performance C I G R E R e p o rt - : 9 , A daptation of substations to their environment both in urban and rural areas, including noise problems and oil pollution of subsoil F a ct o ry M u tu a l G l obal S t a n d a rd 3990, /1 9 : A pproval standard for Less or Nonflammable Liquid Insulated Transformers [2 ] O ffi c i a l J o u rn a l o f th e E u ro p e a n C o m m u n i ti e s , N o C /2 d ated 28 994: Interpretative document, Essential requirements No 2, “safety in case of fire”  Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION 3, rue de Varembé PO Box 31 CH-1 21 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 91 02 1 Fax: + 41 22 91 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission