I E C TS 62 ® Edition 201 5-04 TE C H N I C AL S P E C I F I C ATI ON E l ectri c toas te rs for h ou s eh ol d an d si m i l ar u s e – M eth od s an d m eas u rem en ts IEC TS 62835:201 5-04(en) for i m pro vi n g acces si bi l i ty T H I S P U B L I C AT I O N I S C O P YRI G H T P RO T E C T E D C o p yri g h t © I E C , G e n e v a , S wi tz e rl a n d All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester If you have any questions about I EC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local I EC member National Committee for further information IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varembé CH-1 21 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 91 02 1 Fax: +41 22 91 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch Ab ou t th e I E C The I nternational Electrotechnical Commission (I EC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes I nternational Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies Ab o u t I E C p u b l i ca ti o n s The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published I E C Catal og u e - webstore i ec ch /catal og u e The stand-alone application for consulting the entire bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other documents Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and iPad I E C pu bl i cati on s s earch - www i ec ch /search pu b The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…) It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications E l ectroped i a - www el ectroped i a org The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online I E C G l os sary - s td i ec ch /g l oss ary More than 60 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of IEC publications issued since 2002 Some entries have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and CISPR I E C J u st Pu bl i s h ed - webstore i ec ch /j u stpu bl i sh ed Stay up to date on all new IEC publications Just Published details all new publications released Available online and also once a month by email I E C C u stom er S ervi ce C en tre - webstore i ec ch /csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch I E C TS 62 ® Edition 201 5-04 TE C H N I C AL S P E C I F I C ATI ON E l ectri c toas te rs for h ou s e h ol d an d si m i l ar u s e – M eth od s an d m eas u rem en ts for i m pro vi n g acces si bi l i ty INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 97.040.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-2658-2 Warn i n g ! M ake su re th a t you obtai n ed th i s pu bl i cati on from an au th ori zed d i s tri bu tor ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission –2– I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 CONTENTS FOREWORD I NTRODUCTI ON Scope Norm ative references Terms and definitions Source of accessibility recommendations General Users’ characteristics Bod y m easurements Assessm ent of accessibility General Tasks the user has to carry out Procedure for accessibility assessment General Ambient conditions 3 Assessm ent procedure Measurem ent accuracy General Linear dim ensions Angle Force Torque 6 Reflection Test procedure General General recommendations for printing, m arkings and displays General 2 Contrast Colour contrast Reflection and gloss Upper and lower case letters Font style 7 Font size Symbols I nform ation supplied with the toaster (e.g instructions for use) General Availability of alternative formats 3 Clarity of instructions for use I ndex Construction of printed documents 7 Paper reflectance 7 Line spacing 7 Mechanical aspects 7 Layout of interactive parts 7 Lifting and carrying I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 –3– Attachm ents 7 4 Removal of toasted items Crumb rem oval Power plug and cord 7 Operation of the toaster Controls General Push buttons Knobs 20 Lever 22 5 Mechanical selection wheels and slide-controls 22 Touch controls 24 Feedback 24 7 Markings on the toaster 24 7 General 24 7 Location of inform ation 25 7 Letter height of markings 25 7 Symbols 25 Packaging 25 Ease of unpacking and repacking 25 I nform ation provided 25 Annex A (informative) H and measurements 27 Bibliograph y 32 Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Table Table Table Table Table – Cylindrical knobs and a bar-grip knob 20 – Mechanical selection wheel 23 – Slide control 23 A – H and length 27 A – Dorsal length of middle finger 28 A – Back of the hand’s length 28 A – “Proj ective” hand width 29 A – Direct fist width 29 A – Distal middle hand’s (metacarpus’) thickness 30 A – “Proj ective” distal thum b joint’s width 30 A – “Proj ective” distal forefinger joint’s width 31 – Task assessm ent 1 – Cylinder knobs 21 – Bar-grip knobs 21 – Mechanical selection wheels (See Figure 2) 22 – Slide control (See Figure 3) 24 –4– I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 INTERNATI ONAL ELECTROTECHNI CAL COMMISSI ON E L E C T RI C T O AS T E RS F O R H O U S E H O L D AN D S I M I L AR U S E – M E T H O D S AN D M E AS U RE M E N T S F O R I M P RO VI N G AC C E S S I B I L I T Y FOREWORD ) The I nternati on al Electrotechni cal Com m ission (I EC) is a worl d wid e organi zation for stan dardization com prisin g all n ation al el ectrotechnical comm ittees (I EC National Comm ittees) The object of I EC is to prom ote internati onal co-operation on all questions concerni ng stand ardi zati on in the el ectrical an d electronic fields To this end an d in additi on to other acti vities, I EC publish es I nternational Stan dards, Techn ical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicl y Avail abl e Specificati ons (PAS) and Guides (h ereafter referred to as “I EC Publication(s)”) Thei r preparation is entrusted to technical comm ittees; any I EC National Comm ittee interested in th e subj ect dealt with m ay partici pate in this preparatory work I nternational, governm ental and n on governm ental organ izations liaising with th e I EC also partici pate i n th is preparation I EC collaborates closel y with the I nternational Org ani zation for Stand ardi zation (I SO) in accordance with conditions determ ined by agreem ent between th e two organi zati ons 2) The form al decisions or agreem ents of I EC on technical m atters express, as n early as possible, an i nternati onal consensus of opi nion on the rel evant subjects since each technical com m ittee has representati on from all interested I EC N ational Com m ittees 3) I EC Publications have the form of recomm endations for intern ational use an d are accepted by I EC Nati onal Com m ittees in that sense While all reasonable efforts are m ade to ensure that th e tech nical content of I EC Publications is accu rate, I EC cann ot be h eld responsi ble for th e way in which th ey are used or for an y m isinterpretation by an y en d u ser 4) I n order to prom ote intern ational u niform ity, I EC National Com m ittees und ertake to apply I EC Publications transparentl y to the m axim u m extent possible i n th eir national an d regi onal publications Any divergence between an y I EC Pu blication and the correspondi ng national or regi on al publicati on sh all be clearl y in dicated in the latter 5) I EC itself d oes not provi de an y attestation of conform ity I n depend ent certificati on bodies provide conform ity assessm ent services and, in som e areas, access to I EC m arks of conform ity I EC is not responsi bl e for an y services carri ed out by ind ependent certification bodi es 6) All users shou ld ensure that they h ave the l atest editi on of thi s publicati on 7) No liability shall attach to I EC or its directors, em ployees, servants or ag ents inclu din g in divi dual experts an d m em bers of its technical com m ittees and I EC N ation al Com m ittees for any person al i nju ry, property d am age or other dam age of any n atu re whatsoever, wheth er d irect or indirect, or for costs (includ i ng leg al fees) and expenses arisi ng out of the publ ication, use of, or relian ce upon, this I EC Publication or any oth er I EC Publications 8) Attention is drawn to th e N orm ative references cited in this publication Use of the referenced publ ications is indispensable for the correct applicati on of this publication 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that som e of the elem ents of this I EC Publication m ay be th e subject of patent rig hts I EC shall not be held responsibl e for identifyi ng any or all such patent ri ghts The main task of I EC technical committees is to prepare I nternational Standards I n exceptional circum stances, a technical com m ittee m ay propose the publication of a Technical Specification when • • the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an I nternational Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for an y other reason, there is the future but no imm ediate possibility of an agreem ent on an I nternational Standard Technical Specifications are subj ect to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transform ed into I nternational Standards I EC TS 62835, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by I EC technical comm ittee 59: Performance of household and sim ilar electrical appliances I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 –5– The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents: Enqui ry draft Report on votin g 59/61 8/DTS 59/631 /RVC Full inform ation on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table This publication has been drafted in accordance with the I SO/I EC Directives, Part I n this Technical Specification, the following type is used: – compliance statements: in italic type The comm ittee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the I EC website under "http: //webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication At this date, the publicati on will be • • • • • transform ed into an I nternational standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or am ended A bilingual version of this publication m ay be issued at a later date –6– I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 INTRODUCTION Ever greater demands are now being placed on the accessibility of products, but despite this, there has been no easil y available data for assessing and evaluating products from an accessibility perspective An effective way to conduct product developm ent is to work on the basis of adequate testing methods for assessing various properties, as accessibility recomm endations can be form ulated more clearly and be given greater em phasis during the development of appliances Accessibility properties must be prioritised alongside functional, technical and production-related properties For this purpose, an inventory of sources with a product-accessibility focus has been drawn up, which has given useful basic inform ation and data for setting recommendations for the design of products This Technical Specification on toasters is a result of this work, and provides information in the form of accessibility facts and an understanding of the interaction of user and appliance This Technical Specification is being issued in the Technical Specification series of publications (according to the I SO/I EC Directives, Part , ) as a “prospective standard for provisional application” in the field of accessibility of household appliances because there is an urgent need for guidance on how standards in this field should be used to m eet an identified need This Technical Specification provides recommendations and measurements for product characteristics of household toasters, which contribute to their accessibility and underlying ergonom ic principles These recom mendations originate from scientific knowledge and the theory of ergonomics, ph ysiology, product design and other relevant disciplines This Technical Specification applies I SO/I EC Guide 71 and I SO/TR 2241 to toasters Data is drawn from I SO/TR 2241 and, if not specified there, from other sources The purpose of designing the number of people who by incorporating product Specification explains the user and evaluating toasters with regard to accessibility is to maxim ize can readil y use the products Accessible products can be designed characteristics that are beneficial for the user This Technical characteristics, which m eet the needs and abilities of an intended However, the characteristics that a product needs for accessibility are dependent on the type of user and task This Technical Specification therefore includes obj ective criteria regarding accessibility for product characteristics of the toaster I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 –7– E L E C T RI C T O AS T E RS F O R H O U S E H O L D AN D S I M I L AR U S E – M E T H O D S AN D M E AS U RE M E N T S F O R I M P RO VI N G AC C E S S I B I L I T Y S cop e This Technical Specification contains accessibility recom mendations to enable the use of toasters by older persons and persons with disabilities I t provides guidance to achieve more accessible toasters This Technical Specification provides test m ethods and data that support accessible design This Technical Specification gives guidance to appl y I SO/TR 2241 and I SO/I EC Guide 71 to the design of toasters and to I EC 60442 I t does not deal with safety issues nor cover toasters for professional use N o rm a t i ve re fe re n c e s The following docum ents, in whole or in part, are normativel y referenced in this docum ent and are indispensable for its application For dated references, onl y the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including an y amendments) applies I EC 60335-1 , Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part : General requirements I EC 60335-2-9, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-9: Particular requirements for grills, toasters and similar portable cooking appliances IEC 6041 7, Graphical symbols for use on equipment (available at: http://www graphicalsym bols info/equipm ent) I EC 60442: 998, Electric toasters for household and similar purposes – Methods for measuring the performance I EC 60442: 998/AM D1 :2003 I EC TR 61 592, Household electrical appliances – Guidelines for consumer panel testing I EC 82079-1 : 201 2, Preparation of instructions for use – Structuring, content and presentation – Part : General principles and detailed requirements I SO/I EC Guide 37, Instructions for use of products by consumers I SO/I EC Guide 71 : 201 4, Guide for addressing accessibility in standards I SO 281 3, Paints and varnishes – Determination of gloss value at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees I SO/TR 2241 : 2008, Ergonomics data and guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71 to products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities _ There exists a consoli dated edi tion i nclud ing I EC 60442: 998 and its Am endm ent : 2003 –8– I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment – Registered symbols (available at: http: //www graphical-sym bols info/equipm ent) EN 2464-1 , Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part : Indoor work places EN 3300, Paints and varnishes – Water-borne coating materials and coating systems for interior walls and ceilings Classification Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docum ent, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 accessibility extent to which products, systems, services, environm ents and facilities can be used by people from a population with the widest range of characteristics and capabilities to achieve a specified goal in a specified context of use Note to entry: Context of use includ es direct use or use su pported by assistive techn ologi es Note to entry: Ad apted from I SO/TR 2241 : 2008, defin ition [SOU RCE: I SO 26800: 201 , 2.1 ] 3.2 accessible design design focused on diverse users to maximize the number of potential users who can readily use a system in diverse contexts Note to entry: This aim can be achieved by (1 ) d esign ing system s that are readil y usabl e by m ost users with out any m odificati on, (2) m aking system s adaptabl e to different users (by providi ng adaptabl e user interfaces) an d (3) having standardi zed interfaces to be com patible with assistive products an d assistive tech n olog y Note to entry: Term s such as uni versal desig n, accessibl e desi gn, d esign for all, barri er-free desig n, incl usive design and transgen erational d esign are often used interchan geably with th e sam e m eaning [SOU RCE: I SO/I EC Guide 71 : 201 4, 9] 3.3 assistive produ ct an y product (including devices, equipment, instruments and software), especiall y produced or generall y available, used by or for persons with disability for participation, to protect, support, train, m easure or substitute for bod y functions/structures and activities, or to prevent impairments, activity lim itations or participation restrictions [SOU RCE: I SO/I EC Guide 71 : 201 4, 5] 3.4 assistive technolog y equipment, product system, hardware, software or service that is used to increase, maintain or improve capabilities of individuals Note to entry: Assistive technol og y is an um brella term that is broader than assistive products Note to entry: Assistive technol og y can i nclud e assistive services, and professional services needed for assessm ent, recomm endati on and provision [SOU RCE: I SO/I EC Guide 71 : 201 4, 6] – 20 – I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 The protruding height of a push button should be greater than or equal to mm Light touch push buttons, i e buttons that are actuated by very little physical force, should have a diam eter or one side length greater than or equal to m m Compliance by measurement and inspection 7.5.2.3 Spacing between push buttons Push buttons should be spaced to avoid interference when another one is being operated The spacing between push buttons (between adjacent sides) should be greater than or equal to mm Compliance by measurement and inspection 7.5.2.4 Shape of activation surface The pressure point should be identifiable by touch Different shapes and form s for exam ple with a finger recess (with a slight indentation), could help to distinguish functions Compliance by inspection 7.5.2.5 Activation force Force required for activation of push buttons should be in the range of ,5 N to N Force required for activation of light touch push buttons is less than ,5 N Compliance by measurement I t should be avoided that light touch push buttons could be operated accidentall y Compliance by inspection 7.5.3 7.5.3.1 Knobs General There are a number of different knobs of different types, including cylindrical knobs and bargrip knobs, which can be seen in Figure IEC Figure – Cylindrical knobs and a bar-grip knob Countersunk knobs should be avoided A countersunk knob is within an indentation in the product and therefore it is difficult to access N o part of the knob should be below the surface of the product (including during operation) Compliance by inspection I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 7.5.3.2 – 21 – Size, cylinder and bar-grip knobs The dim ension of knobs should be in the range given in Table and Table Compliance by measurement Table – Cylinder knobs Accessibility recommendations, dimensions in mm Heig ht of g rip ≥ 15 Diam eter ≥ 20 Table – Bar-grip knobs Accessibility recommendations, dimensions in mm unless otherwise noted Len gth of bar with parallel si des at least eq ual to the di am eter Width of bar ≥4 Heig ht of bar ≥ 18 Diam eter ≥ 20 Bar/knob-su rface angl e 90 ° ± ° (Angl e between th e surface of the knob’s base and th e side wall of th e bar) NOTE Where the height or th e width of a bar is n ot uniform , the valu es appl y to th e sm allest dim ension(s) 7.5.3.3 Distance between knobs and other adjacent components The distance between knobs and other adj acent protruding components should be equal to or greater than 25 mm This distance is required for using the knob comfortabl y and without inadvertentl y operating adj acent controls Compliance by measurement and inspection 7.5.3.4 Multiple actions for activation Multiple actions (e g pushing and turning at the same time) should be avoided Compliance by inspection 7.5.3.5 Torque Torque required should be higher than 0, 02 Nm and less than 0, 33 Nm (see I SO/TR 2241 , , Table 0) Compliance by measurement 7.5.3.6 Direction of rotation Clockwise rotation should increase settings Compliance by inspection – 22 – 7.5 3.7 I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 Recog nition of control positions The zero / off position, if existing, should be recognizable by visual and tactile or visual and audible means Other important positions like neutral position (e.g browning control) m ay also be indicated sim ilarl y Compliance by inspection 7.5 7.5 4.1 Lever Size Either the width or the protrusion should be at least 40 mm and the other dim ension should be at least 20 mm The operating surface(s) of the lever should be horizontal If the lever is recessed the width of the recess should be at least 70 mm NOTE Values are based on Annex A Final dim ensions are considered suitable for operation of a lever by h an d or finger(s) Compliance by measurement 7.5 4.2 Force The operation of the lever should not require excessive force I SO/TR 2241 : 2008, , Table suggests a negligible operation force higher than N and less than N while ADA require a m axim um force of 22, N to activate operable parts Compliance by measurement 7.5 5.1 M echanical selection wheel s and slide-controls M echanical selection wheels The dim ension of the m echanical selection wheels should be in the range given in Table Table – M echani cal selection wheels (See Figure 2) Accessibi li ty recom mendations, di mensi ons i n m m u nless oth erwi se noted Protrusion of wheel >3 Width (thickness) of the wh eel >5 Diam eter of th e wheel > 20 Force to push th e wh eel , N to N (see 4) I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 – 23 – IEC Figure – M echanical selection wheel Compliance by measurement 7.5.5.2 Slide control See Figure W L IEC Key W = width of slide control L = len gth of slide control NOTE The d ou ble arrow sh ows th e di rection of operation Figure – Slide control The dimension of the slide control should be in the range given in Table – 24 – I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 Table – Slide control (See Figure 3) Accessi bi li ty recomm endati ons, dim ensions in mm unl ess otherwise noted Width of sl ider, W ≥ 15 Len gth of slid er, L ≥ 15 Force to operate N to N Compliance by measurement 7.5 Touch control s I t should be possible to locate touch controls and identify their functions by touch without inadvertent operation The touch sensitive area of touch controls should be the sam e as the size of light touch push buttons (see 2.2) The distance between the centres of the touch sensitive areas should be ≥ 25 m m Compliance by measurement and inspection Feedback The operation of the controls should be recognizable by visual and tactile or visual and audible m eans (see I SO/TR 2241 : 2008, 3) There should be a visual and audible or visual and tactile confirmation of the com pletion of toasting (see I SO/TR 2241 : 2008, 8.1 2) In quiet surroundings, acoustic signals of a sound pressure of 55 dB(A) to 65 dB(A) are usuall y preferable for listeners including older people without serious hearing loss (see ISO/TR 2241 : 2008, 2 ) Compliance by inspection 7.7 7.7.1 M arki ngs on the toaster General Since there is the risk of a burn, no controls should be in the area around an extraction part of the toasted item NOTE Req uirem ents concerni ng su rface tem peratures an d m arkings rel ated to safety are gi ven i n I EC 60335-1 and I EC 60335-2-9 There should be m arkings on the toaster which help the user to identify and use its functions Tactile markings or audible indications, which are essential for blind people and people with severe visual impairment, should be provided Tactile markings should not be provided on hot surfaces The m inim um distance between two tactile m arkings should be at least mm (see I SO/TR 2241 : 2008, 2 , Table ) I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 – 25 – NOTE The dim ension for Braille characters are also provi d ed in I SO/TR 2241 : 2008, 2 , Tabl e NOTE Tactile m arkings cou ld be su bstituted by acoustic feedback in som e cases Compliance by measurement and inspection 7 L o c ati o n o f i n fo rm a t i o n Markings (excluding tactile m arkings) should be placed above related controls and their respective displays, so that they are always visible during operation When a control interacts with a scale or markings, the position on the scale should be clearl y identifiable by the position of the control Compliance by inspection 7 L e t t e r h e i g h t o f m a rki n g s Text on toasters should have a letter height of at least DTP points (4,2 mm) (see IEC 82079-1 : 201 2, ) Compliance by measurement 7 S ym b o l s Sym bols should be self-explanatory Where appropriate, the use of standardized safety signs in I SO 701 or graphical sym bols for use on equipm ent in I EC 6041 and I SO 7000 should be considered in order to convey important m essages such as warnings Safety related symbols (e g warnin gs) shall have a height of at least 32 DTP points (1 mm) (see I EC 82079-1 : 201 2, ) Other sym bols on toasters should have a height of at least DTP points (5 mm ) (see IEC 82079-1 : 201 2, ) Compliance by measurement P a cka g i n g E as e o f u n p acki n g an d re p a c ki n g It should be easy for people of all abilities to unpack and repack the toaster (see ISO/TR 2241 : 2008, 4, ) Unpacking and repacking can be explained by figures or text Compliance by inspection 8 I n fo rm a t i o n p ro v i d e d G e n e l There should be inform ation on the outside of the packaging that clearl y in dicates the content and is visible in the package’s upright position It should be easy to understand and the print size should be at least DTP points (5 m m) (see I SO/TR 2241 , 9.2 2., Clause C 3) – 26 – I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 I nformation at the point of sale sh all be provided as required by I EC 60442: 998/AMD1 :2003, Annex B NOTE I SO/I EC Guide 37 is u seful for reference Compliance by inspection 2 Form at The inform ation on the packaging should follow relevant recommendations and measurements in and Compliance by inspection I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 – 27 – Annex A (informative) Hand measurements Hand measurem ents are given in Figure A , Figure A 2, Figure A 3, Figure A.4, Figure A 5, Figure A 6, Figure A and Figure A NOTE Basis for th e foll owi ng val ues is an anth ropol ogical stud y carri ed out i n Germ any with 00 wom en and 00 m en between 50 an d 70 years of age NOTE All dim ensions are i n cm NOTE All ag es are in years NOTE P5 (P50, P95) m eans: % (50 %, 95 %) percentile – percentag e of popu lation of which specific characteristics fall bel ow or are eq ual to % (50 %, 95 %) i n a cum ulative distribution NOTE Un der “Variati on ” the sm allest and th e greatest m easured values are given IEC Men Women Age P5 P50 P95 Variati on 50 – 59 9, 20, 22, 8, – 23, 60 – 69 8, 20, 22 8, – 22, 50 – 59 7, 8, 20, 6, – 20, 60 – 69 7, 8, 20, 4, – 21 , NOTE Reproduced from GREI L, H , VOI GT, A , an d SCHEFFLER, C Optimierung der ergonomischen Eigenschaften von Produkten für ältere A rbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer – Anthropometrie , 2008 with the perm ission of Bun desanstalt für Arbeitsschutz u nd Arbeitsm edizi n, Dortm und Figure A.1 – Hand length – 28 – I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 IEC Men Women Age P5 P50 P95 Variati on 50 – 59 8, 0, 2, 8, – 3, 60 – 69 8, 0, 1 ,7 8, – 2, 50 – 59 7, 9, 1 ,2 7, – 4, 60 – 69 8, 9, 1 ,8 6, – 2, NOTE Reproduced from GREI L, H , VOI GT, A , an d SCHEFFLER, C Optimierung der ergonomischen Eigenschaften von Produkten für ältere A rbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer – Anthropometrie , 2008 with the perm ission of Bun desanstalt für Arbeitsschutz u nd Arbeitsm edizi n, Dortm und Fi g u re A – Dorsal l en g th of m i d d l e fi n g er IEC Men Women Age P5 P50 P95 Variati on 50 – 59 8, 0, 2, 7, – 2, 60 – 69 7, 0, 1 ,9 7, – 2, 50 – 59 6, 9, 1 2, 5, – 2, 60 – 69 6, 9, 1 0, 6, – 1 , NOTE Reproduced from GREI L, H , VOI GT, A , an d SCHEFFLER, C Optimierung der ergonomischen Eigenschaften von Produkten für ältere A rbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer – Anthropometrie, 2008 with the perm ission of Bun desanstalt fü r Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsm edizi n, Dortm und Fi g u re A – Back of th e h an d ’ s l en g th I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 – 29 – IEC Men Women Age P5 P50 P95 Variati on 50 – 59 8, 8, 9, 8, – 9, 60 – 69 8, 8, 9, 8, – 0, 50 – 59 7, 7, 8, 7, – 8, 60 – 69 7, 7, 8, 6, – 8, NOTE Reproduced from GREI L, H , VOI GT, A , an d SCHEFFLER, C Optimierung der ergonomischen Eigenschaften von Produkten für ältere A rbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer – Anthropometrie , 2008 with the perm ission of Bun desanstalt für Arbeitsschutz u nd Arbeitsm edizi n, Dortm und Fi gu re A – “ Proj ective” h an d wi dth IEC Men Women Age P5 P50 P95 Variati on 50 – 59 8, 8, 9, 7, – 9, 60 – 69 8, 8, 9, 7, – 0, 50 – 59 7, 7, 8, 6, – 8, 60 – 69 7, 7, 8, 7, – 8, NOTE Reproduced from GREI L, H , VOI GT, A , an d SCHEFFLER, C Optimierung der ergonomischen Eigenschaften von Produkten für ältere A rbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer – Anthropometrie , 2008 with the perm ission of Bun desanstalt fü r Arbeitsschutz u nd Arbeitsm edizi n, Dortm und Fi gu re A – Di rect fi st wid th – 30 – I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 IEC Men Women Age P5 P50 P95 Variati on 50 – 59 2, 3, 4, 2, – 5, 60 – 69 2, 3, 3, 2, – 4, 50 – 59 2, 2, 3, 2, – 3, 60 – 69 2, 2, 3, 2, – 3, NOTE Reproduced from GREI L, H , VOI GT, A , an d SCHEFFLER, C Optimierung der ergonomischen Eigenschaften von Produkten für ältere A rbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer – Anthropometrie , 2008 with the perm ission of Bun desanstalt fü r Arbeitsschutz u nd Arbeitsm edizi n, Dortm und Fig u re A – Di stal m id dle h an d ’ s (m etacarpu s’ ) th i ckn ess IEC Men Women Age P5 P50 P95 Variati on 50 – 59 2, 2, 2, 2, – 3, 60 – 69 2, 2, 2, 2, – 2, 50 – 59 ,7 2, 2, , – 2, 60 – 69 ,8 2, 2, , – 2, NOTE Reproduced from GREI L, H , VOI GT, A , an d SCHEFFLER, C Optimierung der ergonomischen Eigenschaften von Produkten für ältere A rbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer – Anthropometrie, 2008 with the perm ission of Bun desanstalt fü r Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsm edizi n, Dortm und Figu re A – “ Proj ective” di stal th u mb j oin t’ s wid th I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 – 31 – IEC Men Women Age P5 P50 P95 Variati on 50 – 59 ,7 ,9 2, , – 2, 60 – 69 ,8 ,9 2, , – 2, 50 – 59 ,5 ,6 ,9 , – 2, 60 – 69 ,5 ,7 ,9 , – 2, NOTE Reprod uced from GREI L, H , VOI GT, A , and SCHEFFLER, C Optimierung der ergonomischen Eigenschaften von Produkten für ältere A rbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer – Anthropometrie , 2008 with the perm ission of Bun desanstalt für Arbeitsschutz u nd Arbeitsm edizi n, Dortm und Fig u re A – “ Proj ecti ve” d i stal forefi n g er j oin t’ s wid th – 32 – I EC TS 62835: 201 © I EC 201 Bibliography I SO 5232: 998, Graphical symbols for textile machinery I SO 701 0, Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Registered safety signs ISO 9241 -21 0: 201 0, Ergonomics of human-system interaction – Part 21 0: Human-centred design for 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