IEC 61 982 4 Edition 1 0 201 5 1 0 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Secondary batteries (except l ithium) for the propulsion of electric road vehicles – Part 4 Safety requirements of nickel[.]
I E C 61 -4 ® Edition 201 5-1 I N TE RN ATI ON AL S TAN D ARD N ORM E I N TE RN ATI ON ALE S e d ary batteri e s (e xce pt l i th i u m ) for th e propu l s i on of el ectri c road ve h i cl es – P art 4: Safety req u i rem en ts of n i ckel -m e tal h yd ri d e ce l l s an d m od u l e s Accu m u l ateu rs (e xcepté l i th i u m ) pou r l a propu l s i on d es véh i cu l es rou ti ers él e ctri q u e s – P arti e 4: E xi g e n ces d e s écu ri té pou r l e s él ém en ts et m od u l es d ’ accu m u l ate u rs IEC 61 982-4:201 5-1 0(en-fr) n i ckel m étal -h yd ru re T H I S P U B L I C AT I O N I S C O P YRI G H T P RO T E C T E D C o p yri g h t © I E C , G e n e v a , S wi tz e rl a n d All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester If you have any questions about I EC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local I EC member National Committee for further information Droits de reproduction réservés Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varembé CH-1 21 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 91 02 1 Fax: +41 22 91 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch Ab ou t th e I E C The I nternational Electrotechnical Commission (I EC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes I nternational Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies Ab o u t I E C p u b l i ca ti o n s The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published I E C Catal og u e - webstore i ec ch /catal og u e The stand-alone application for consulting the entire bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other documents Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and iPad I E C pu bl i cati on s s earch - www i ec ch /search pu b The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…) It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications E l ectroped i a - www el ectroped i a org The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online I E C G l os sary - s td i ec ch /g l oss ary More than 60 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of IEC publications issued since 2002 Some entries have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and CISPR I E C J u st Pu bl i s h ed - webstore i ec ch /j u stpu bl i sh ed Stay up to date on all new IEC publications Just Published details all new publications released Available online and also once a month by email I E C C u stom er S ervi ce C en tre - webstore i ec ch /csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch A propos d e l 'I E C La Commission Electrotechnique I nternationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait l'électricité, l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées A propos d es pu bl i cati on s I E C Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié Catal og u e I E C - webstore i ec ch /catal og u e Application autonome pour consulter tous les renseignements bibliographiques sur les Normes internationales, Spécifications techniques, Rapports techniques et autres documents de l'IEC Disponible pour PC, Mac OS, tablettes Android et iPad Rech erch e d e pu bl i cati on s I E C - www i ec ch /search pu b La recherche avancée permet de trouver des publications IEC en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence, texte, comité d’études,…) Elle donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les publications remplacées ou retirées E l ectroped i a - www el ectroped i a org Le premier dictionnaire en ligne de termes électroniques et électriques Il contient plus de 30 000 termes et dộfinitions en anglais et en franỗais, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans langues additionnelles Egalement appelé Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (IEV) en ligne G l oss re I E C - s td i ec ch /g l ossary Plus de 60 000 entrộes terminologiques ộlectrotechniques, en anglais et en franỗais, extraites des articles Termes et Définitions des publications IEC parues depuis 2002 Plus certaines entrées antérieures extraites des publications des CE 37, 77, 86 et CISPR de l'IEC I E C J u st Pu bl i s h ed - webstore i ec ch /j u stpu bl i sh ed Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications IEC Just Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues Disponible en ligne et aussi une fois par mois par email S ervi ce Cl i en ts - webstore i ec ch /csc Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous: csc@iec.ch I E C 61 -4 ® Edition 201 5-1 I N TE RN ATI ON AL S TAN D ARD N ORM E I N TE RN ATI ON ALE S e d ary batte ri e s (exce pt l i th i u m ) for th e propu l s i on of el ectri c road ve h i cl es – P art 4: Safety req u i rem en ts of n i cke l -m etal h yd ri d e cel l s an d m od u l es Accu m u l ate u rs (e xcepté l i th i u m ) pou r l a propu l s i on d es véh i cu l es rou ti ers él e ctri q u es – P arti e 4: E xi g e n ces d e s écu ri té pou r l e s él é m e n ts et m od u l e s d ’ accu m u l ate u rs n i cke l m é tal -h yd ru re INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE ICS 29.220.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-2973-6 Warn i n g ! M ake s u re th at you obtai n ed th i s pu bl i ca ti on from an au th ori zed d i s tri bu tor Atten ti on ! Veu i l l ez vou s ass u rer q u e vou s avez obten u cette pu bl i cati on vi a u n d i stri b u teu r ag ré é ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission –2– I EC 61 982-4: 201 © I EC 201 CONTENTS FOREWORD I NTRODUCTI ON Scope Norm ative references Terms and definitions General test requirem ents Accuracy of measuring instruments Electrical m easuring instruments Tolerance General test conditions Test tem perature 2 Tem perature m easurem ents Dimension measurem ent Electrical measurement General charge conditions Capacity State of charge (SOC) adjustment Safety tests General Mechanical test Mechanical shock 2 Crush 1 Vibration Thermal test High temperature endurance Tem perature cycling Electrical test External short circuit Overcharge Forced discharge Bibliograph y Figure – Exam ple of temperature m easurement of cell Figure – Exam ples of m axim um dimension of cell Exam ple A 1 Exam ple B 1 Figure – Exam ple of crush test 1 Table – Frequency and acceleration I EC 61 982-4: 201 © I EC 201 –3– INTERNATI ONAL ELECTROTECHNI CAL COMMISSI ON S E C O N D ARY B AT T E RI E S ( E XC E P T L I T H I U M ) F O R T H E P RO P U L S I O N O F E L E C T RI C RO AD VE H I C L E S – P a rt : S a fe t y re q u i re m e n ts o f n i c ke l -m e ta l h yd ri d e c e l l s a n d m o d u l e s FOREWORD ) The I nternati on al Electrotechni cal Com m ission (I EC) is a worl d wid e organi zation for stan dardization com prisin g all n ation al el ectrotechnical comm ittees (I EC National Comm ittees) The object of I EC is to prom ote internati onal co-operation on all questions concerni ng stand ardi zati on in the el ectrical an d electronic fields To this end an d in additi on to other acti vities, I EC publish es I nternational Stan dards, Techn ical Speci fications, Technical Reports, Publicl y Avail abl e Specificati ons (PAS) an d Guides (h ereafter referred to as “I EC Publication(s)”) Thei r preparation is entrusted to technical comm ittees; any I EC National Comm ittee interested in th e subj ect dealt with m ay partici pate in this preparatory work I nternational, governm ental an d n on governm ental organ izations liaising with th e I EC also partici pate i n th is preparation I EC collaborates closel y with the I ntern ational Org ani zation for Stand ardi zation (I SO) in accordance with conditions determ ined by agreem ent between th e two organi zati ons 2) The form al decisions or agreem ents of I EC on technical m atters express, as n early as possible, an i nternati onal consensus of opi nion on the rel evant subjects since each technical com m ittee has representati on from all interested I EC N ational Com m ittees 3) I EC Publications have the form of recomm endations for intern ational use an d are accepted by I EC Nati onal Com m ittees in that sense While all reasonable efforts are m ade to ensure that th e tech nical content of I EC Publications is accu rate, I EC cann ot be h eld responsi ble for th e way in which th ey are used or for an y m isinterpretation by an y en d u ser 4) I n order to prom ote intern ational u niform ity, I EC National Com m ittees und ertake to apply I EC Publications transparentl y to the m axim u m extent possible i n th eir national an d regi onal publications Any divergence between an y I EC Pu blication and the correspondi ng national or regi on al publicati on sh all be clearl y in dicated in the latter 5) I EC itself d oes not provi de an y attestation of conform ity I n depend ent certificati on bodies provide conform ity assessm ent services and, in som e areas, access to I EC m arks of conform ity I EC is not responsi ble for an y services carri ed out by ind ependent certification bodi es 6) All users shou ld ensure that they h ave the l atest editi on of thi s publicati on 7) No liability shall attach to I EC or its directors, em ployees, servants or ag ents inclu din g in divi du al experts an d m em bers of its technical com m ittees and I EC N ation al Com m ittees for any person al i nju ry, property d am age or other dam age of any n atu re whatsoever, wheth er d irect or indirect, or for costs (includ i ng leg al fees) and expenses arisi ng out of the publ ication, use of, or relian ce upon, this I EC Publication or any oth er I EC Publications 8) Attention is drawn to th e N orm ative references cited in this publication Use of the referenced publ ications is indispensable for the correct applicati on of this publication 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that som e of the elem ents of this I EC Publication m ay be th e subject of patent rig hts I EC shall not be held responsibl e for identifyi ng any or all such patent ri ghts I nternational Standard I EC 61 982-4 has been prepared by I EC technical comm ittee 21 : Secondary cells and batteries The text of this standard is based on the following docum ents: CDV Report on votin g 21 /852/CDV 21 /866/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table This publication has been drafted in accordance with the I SO/I EC Directives, Part –4– I EC 61 982-4: 201 © I EC 201 A list of all parts in the I EC 61 982 series, published under the general title Secondary batteries (except lithium) for the propulsion of electric road vehicles , can be found on the I EC website The comm ittee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the I EC website under "http: //webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication At this date, the publication will be • • • • reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or am ended I EC 61 982-4: 201 © I EC 201 –5– INTRODUCTION The electric road vehicles (EV) including h ybrid electric vehicles (H EV) begin to diffuse in the global m arket with backing from global concerns on CO reduction and clean energy, as well as from relevant technolog y advancement and cost reduction N ickel-metal h ydride (N i-MH ) batteries have advantages in cost and balanced perform ance, and have been used extensivel y for EV application, especiall y for the propulsion of H EV This standard provides the safety test procedures and acceptance criteria of N i-MH batteries (cells and modules) for EV application in order to evaluate their basic safety perform ance For autom obile application , it is important to note the designing diversity of battery packs and systems, and specific requirem ents for cells corresponding to each of such designs Based on these facts, the purpose of this standard is to provide a basic level of safety test methodolog y and criteria with general versatility, which serves a function in comm on prim ary testing of cells or m odules to be used in a variety of battery systems For specific requirem ents for the safety of cell differ depending on the system desi gns of battery pack or vehicle, final pass-fail criteria of cell are to be based on the agreem ent between the cell manufacturers and the custom ers –6– I EC 61 982-4: 201 © I EC 201 S E C O N D ARY B AT T E RI E S ( E XC E P T L I T H I U M ) F O R T H E P RO P U L S I O N O F E L E C T RI C RO AD VE H I C L E S – P a rt : S a fe t y re q u i re m e n ts o f n i c k e l -m e ta l h yd ri d e c e l l s a n d m o d u l e s S cop e This Part of I EC 61 982 specifies test procedures and acceptance criteria for safety performance of nickel-m etal h ydride (N i-MH ) secondary cells and modules used for the propulsion of electric vehicles (EV) including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and h ybrid electric vehicles (H EV) This standard intends to secure the basic safety perform ance of the cell as used in a battery system under intended use and reasonabl y foreseeable m isuse, during the normal operation of EV The safety requirem ents of the cell in this standard are based on the premise that the cells and m odules are properly used in a battery pack and system within the limit of voltage, current and temperature as specified by the cell m anufacturer The evaluation of the safety of batteries during transport and storage is not covered by this standard NOTE I n this stand ard, Ni -MH cells m ean the sealed nickel-m etal h ydri de cel ls: these are sealed cells th at use nickel hyd roxi de at the positi ve el ectrod e, a hyd rogen absorbing all oy at the neg ative electrode, an d alkal i ne aqu eous solution such as potassium hyd roxid e as th e electrol yte Sealed-type cells are those th at can m aintain their sealed cond ition and d o not release gas or liq uid when el ectricall y charged an d discharged with in the tem peratu re ran ge specified by the cell m anufactu rer These cells are eq uipped with a g as rel ease m echanism to prevent expl osion NOTE I n this stand ard, all the d escription on the cell are applicable to th e m odule und er the test N o rm a t i ve re fe re n c e s The following docum ents, in whole or in part, are normativel y referenced in this docum ent and are indispensable for its application For dated references, onl y the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docum ent (including an y amendments) applies I EC 60050-482: 2004, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 482: Primary and secondary cells and batteries IEC 61 434, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes – Guide to designation of current in alkaline secondary cell and battery standards T e rm s a n d d e fi n i t i o n s For the purposes of this docum ent, the term s and definitions and those given in I EC 60050-482, as well as the following appl y b a t t e ry e l e c t ri c v e h i c l e BEV electric vehicle with onl y a traction battery as power source for vehicle propulsion I EC 61 982-4: 201 © I EC 201 –7– 3.2 explosion failure that occurs when a cell container opens violentl y and major com ponents are forcibl y expelled 3.3 fire emission of flam es from a cell 3.4 hybrid electric vehicle HEV vehicle with both a rechargeable energy storage system and a fuelled power source for propulsion 3.5 modu le group of cells connected together in a series and/or parallel configuration with or without protective devices, e g fuse or positive temperature coefficient (PTC), not yet fitted with its final housing, term inal arrangem ent and electronic control device 3.6 rated capacity capacity value of a cell or battery determ ined under specified conditions and declared by the manufacturer Note to entry: Th e rated capacity Cn of a cell or battery is declared by th e cell m anufactu rer [SOU RCE: I EC 60050-482: 2004, 482-03-1 5, modified – Addition of N ote to entry ] 3.7 ambient temperature temperature of 25 °C ± K 3.8 state of charge SOC available capacity in a battery expressed as a percentage of the rated capacity General test requirements 4.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments 4.1 4.1 1 Electrical measuring instruments Range of measuring devices The instruments used shall enable the values of voltage and current to be correctl y measured The range of these instrum ents and m easuring methods shall be chosen so as to ensure the accuracy specified for each test For analogue instruments, this implies that the readings shall be taken in the last third of the graduated scale An y other measuring instrum ents may be used provided they give an equivalent accuracy 4.1 Voltage measu rement The instruments used for voltage m easurem ent shall be voltm eters of an accuracy class equal to 0, or better The resistance of the voltmeters used shall be at least 000 Ω/V (see IEC 60051 series) –8– 4.1 I EC 61 982-4: 201 © I EC 201 Current measurement The instrum ents used for current m easurement shall be am meters of an accuracy class equal to 0, or better The entire assembly of amm eter, shunt and leads shall be of an accuracy class of 0, or better (see I EC 60051 series or refer to I EC 60359) 4.1 Tolerance The overall accuracy of controlled or m easured values, relative to the specified or actual values, shall be within these tolerances: a) b) c) d) e) ± % for voltage; ± % for current; ± K for tem perature; ± 0,1 % for time; ± 0, % for dim ensions These tolerances com prise the combined accuracy of the measuring instrum ents, the measurement technique used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure 4.2 4.2.1 General test conditions Test temperatu re I f not otherwise defined, before each test, the cell shall be stabilised at the am bient temperature for a period between h and h Unless otherwise stated in this standard, the cell shall be tested at the am bient temperature 4.2.2 Temperature measurements The cell temperature shall be m easured by use of a surface temperature m easuring device capable of an equivalent scale definition and accuracy of calibration as specified in The temperature should be measured at a location which most closel y reflects the cell tem perature The tem perature m ay be m easured at additional appropriate locations, if necessary The exam ples for temperature m easurem ent are shown in Figure The instructions for tem perature measurement specified by the cell m anufacturer shall be followed Prismatic cell Cylindrical cell Temperature measuring device Cell Cell Cell Insulating material IEC Figu re – Example of temperature measurement of cell – 18 – I EC 61 982-4: 201 © I EC 201 Cette publication a été rédigée selon les Directives I SO/I EC, Partie Une liste de toutes les parties de la série I EC 61 982, publiées sous le titre général Accumulateurs (excepté lithium) pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers électriques , peut être consultée sur le site web de l'I EC Le comité a décidé que le contenu de cette publication ne sera pas m odifié avant la date de stabilité indiquée sur le site web de l’I EC sous "http://webstore iec ch" dans les données relatives la publication recherchée A cette date, la publication sera • • • • reconduite, supprimée, remplacée par une édition révisée, ou am endée